Petrogenesis of early cretaceous andesite dykes in the Sulu orogenic belt,eastern China     

Wang  Songjie  Li  Xuping  Schertl  Hans-Peter  Feng  Qingda 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2019,113(1):77-97

Mineralogy and Petrology - This study presents data of in-situ mineral major and trace element chemistry, whole-rock major and trace element and Sr–Nd isotope geochemistry, as well as zircon...  相似文献   

Experimental constraints on the genesis of Jadeite quartzite from Shuanghe, Dabie Mountain ultra-high pressure metamorphic terrane     

ZHANG YanFei  WU Yao  WANG Chao  JIN ZhenMin  Hans-Peter SCHERTL 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(1):104-116

Jadeite quartzite,essentially a two-phase rock made up of jadeite and quartz,is one of the most important UHP lithologies occurring in the Dabie Mountain ultrahigh pressure metamorphic belt and forms layers in biotite-plagioclase gneiss.High pressurehigh temperature studies on natural albite from the country rock gneiss were undertaken to reveal the—in parts—complex mineralogical changes that occur in the jadeite quartzite during prograde metamorphism.Experiments were conducted at 800–1200°C,in the pressure range of 2.0–3.5 GPa.One of the most intriguing results shows that the low pressure boundary of the jadeite+coesite stability field is located between about 3.2 GPa at 1000°C and 3.4 GPa at 1200°C,thus about(0.2–0.3)±0.1GPa higher than the quartz-coesite transition curve,given the uncertainty in the present study.Minor amounts of sodium and aluminum entering the structure of quartz and the intimate intergrowth texture of the run products may contribute to the observed pressure shift.Combined petrological and mineralogical studies on the run products and the natural rocks yield the following prograde reaction sequence to have occurred:The protolith of the jadeite-quartzite from Dabie Mountain is an albitized siltstone/greywacke characterized by an albite+quartz assemblage.During prograde metamorphism albite breaks down to form jadeite+quartz and thus at this stage two types of quartz can be distinguished whereas type-I-quartz already existed in the protolith,type-II-quartz represents a newly formed reaction product of albite.During further P-T-increase the pure type-I-quartz was transformed to coesite,whereas type-II-quartz(together with jadeite)was still present as a stable phase because of its impurities of Na and Al.At a later stage during further subduction,type-II-quartz also decomposes to form coesite.These studies represent an important puzzlement for a better understanding of the evolution of jadeite-quartzite from the Dabie Mountain during continental crust subduction and thus contribute to a more complete knowledge of the formation of the Dabie Mountain UHP orogenic belt in general.  相似文献   

南极菲尔德斯半岛地区土壤中主要元素的迁移与富集   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

陈杰  龚子同 《极地研究》2000,12(2):81-96

对 Si、Al、Fe、Ca、Mg、Mn、K、Na和 P等元素在南极菲尔德斯半岛地区三个代表性土壤剖面 (不饱和寒冻雏形土、纤维质寒冻有机土和鸟成土 )中的迁移与富集规律进行了研究 ,结果表明 ,本区土壤中物质移动和元素迁移现象明显 ;几种主要元素在不同类型土壤以及同一土壤不同层次中的移动行为有显著差异 ,土壤自由水状况和地表生物活动在元素迁移与富集过程中发挥重要作用。另外 ,在土壤发育和土壤粘粒形成过程中 ,不同元素在不同土壤颗粒之间的再分配现象存在较大差异。  相似文献   

Accumulation Rate Measurements at Taylor Dome, East Antarctica: Techniques and Strategies for Mass Balance Measurements in Polar Environments     

David L. Morse  Edwin D. Waddington  Hans-Peter Marshall  Tomas A. Neumann  Eric J. Steig  Jack E. Dibb  Dale P. Winebrenner  & Robert J. Arthern 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》1999,81(4):683-694

Accumulation rate measurements on the East Antarctic plateau are challenging due to both spatial and temporal variability. Annual stratigraphy is often not reliably or consistently preserved in the firn, and so accumulation cannot be determined from snow pit stratigraphy. We present a suite of accumulation rate measurements collected over several seasons at Taylor Dome, East Antarctica. We compare net accumulation results from direct burial rate measurements and β -activity firn cores along a 35 km traverse. The two methods are consistent and show that the net accumulation varies from greater than 10 cm a⁻¹ to about 1 cm a⁻¹ (ice equivalent) southwest to northeast across the dome. We map the depth of shallow radar layering to interpolate and extrapolate these point-location measurements and show that considerable variations occur over kilometer scales resulting from subtle surface topography. We also present accumulation rates estimated from concentration of the cosmogenic isotope ¹⁰Be and from activity profiles of ²¹⁰Pb. Finally, satellite passive microwave data are used to estimate spatially averaged accumulation rates on the regional to continental scale to provide a context for these local observations. We show that robust mass balance measurements in this environment must rely on spatial and/or temporal averaging.  相似文献   

Relating rapid plate-motion variations to plate-boundary forces in global coupled models of the mantle/lithosphere system: Effects of topography and friction     

Giampiero Iaffaldano  Hans-Peter Bunge 《Tectonophysics》2009,474(1-2):393

Recent high-resolution models of past plate motions and their comparison with plate motion models inferred from space geodetic techniques reveal a number of short-term variations in global plate velocities over the past 10 Myrs. Such variations serve as powerful probe into the nature and magnitude of plate boundary forces, because they are unlikely to originate from changes in mantle buoyancy forces, which evolve on longer time scales. Here we explore the constraints of the velocity record using a novel coupled modeling-approach of global neo-tectonic simulations combined with realistic plate driving forces obtained from mantle circulation models (MCMs) to arrive at simple global budgets of mantle, lithosphere and plate boundary forces. We focus on three plate boundary systems along the Nazca/South America plate margin, the Aleutian trench and the India/Australia plate boundary to show that gravitational spreading from high topography in the Andes and Tibet contributes substantially to the global plate tectonic force balance and that this contribution is sufficient to explain some 35% of recent velocity changes over the Earth's surface, including among others the observed 30% convergence reduction between the Nazca/South America plates. Our models make a number of specific predictions such as significant lateral variations in plate coupling forces along a given margin revealed by trench-parallel gravity and bathymetry anomalies and the occurrence of large earthquakes, as well as differences by as much as a factor of five from margin to margin. They also support the notion of a relatively young plate boundary separating the India and Australia plates, which has been previously suggested based on independent observations. Importantly, we find that the modeled Nazca/South America convergence reduction explains recent spreading-rate variations in the South Atlantic and South Pacific, which points to the importance of far field effects on the adjacent continents in explaining the spreading record of oceanic basins. Our numerical results demonstrate (a) that detailed budgets of forces acting upon plates can be obtained and (b) support the notion of strong forcing along weak plate boundaries.  相似文献   

Germany: The Baltic Sea and its agricultural environmental status     

Wilfried Werner  Hans-Peter Wodsak 《Marine pollution bulletin》1994,29(6-12):471-476

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Fluid-mediated modification of garnet interiors under ultrahigh-pressure conditions     

Alexei L. Perchuk  Michael Burchard  Walter V. Maresch  Hans-Peter Schertl 《地学学报》2005,17(6):545-553

We report the results of a novel experimental study on eclogitic garnets with abundant inclusions of clinozoisite, quartz and rutile subjected to temperatures (T) of 800–1100 °C and a pressure (P) of 4 GPa, representative of ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic terranes such as the Kokchetav massif, Saxonian Erzgebirge, etc. The experiments reveal extremely rapid recrystallization and partial melting of garnet interiors controlled by fluids liberated from the breakdown of the hydrous mineral inclusions. The traditional assumption that inclusions of minerals and primary fluid inclusions should be representative of the peak or even earlier metamorphic history cannot be strictly applied in this case. We argue that inclusions in UHP garnets may mirror P–T conditions postdating growth of the host crystal or even P–T conditions never actually experienced by the rock itself. The above modification of garnet interiors produces a typical patchy microstructure that occurs in natural eclogitic garnet from the diamond-bearing UHP Kokchetav massif.  相似文献   

人类活动对南极陆地生态系统的影响   总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

陈杰 《极地研究》2000,12(1):62-74

由于科学考察活动日益频繁以及旅游业在南极地区的迅速开展 ,人类活动对南极陆地生态系统的影响在最近几十年内一直倍受国际社会的关注。在广泛收集国外有关资料的基础上 ,本文对人类活动引发的南极地区区域性的土壤与植被污染、野生动物受扰、外来物种引进、以及细菌性疾病侵入等方面进行了论述。同时 ,阐述了南极以外地区的人为污染源对南极环境的潜在威胁。最后 ,对“南极条约体系”与国际社会为保护南极环境所作出的不懈努力进行了简要介绍与评价。  相似文献   

Fault plane solutions of microearthquakes and small events in the Hellenic arc     

Michael L. Jost  Olaf Knabenbauer  Jin Cheng  Hans-Peter Harjes   《Tectonophysics》2002,356(1-3)

The Hellenic arc is the most active seismic region of the transition zone between the African and Eurasian plates. In this rapidly deforming region, the physical state of the crust and upper mantle may vary laterally and vertically. However, a detailed 3D model of the region is lacking. The reliable determination of fault plane solutions is crucial if such a model is to be produced. On this basis, fault plane solutions have been determined from recent microearthquakes and small events to assess their reliability for use in tectonic interpretation. A search algorithm on first motion data and amplitude ratios and also a waveform-matching scheme were employed on data from our temporal network, operated on the western part of the island of Crete. There, a network of 47 three-component digital stations with an aperture of 60 km and an average station spacing of 5 km was operated in 1997. The majority of the shallow microearthquakes under Crete for which fault plane solutions were determined have a near horizontal T-axis oriented essentially E–W. Differences between well determined fault plane solutions from the search algorithm and the waveform-matching technique were significant (strike up to 45°, dip up to 10°, and slip up to 50°). Second, data of small events within the Hellenic subduction zone were obtained from recently installed broadband stations at local and regional distances and inverted for a deviatoric seismic moment tensor. Available solutions from other sources such as the Harvard group, EMSC, or SED show drastic differences in part. Owing to still limited azimuthal station coverage, the resulting fault plane solutions of small events have generally not been well constrained. The observed large variation of fault plane solutions for micoearthquakes and small events poses a caveat to tectonic interpretation in case of using data from a few stations only.  相似文献   

Water level changes along the Norwegian coast     

Hans-Peter Plag 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1984,7(1-2):283-297

The water level records of 11 stations from the Norwegian coast having the recording interval 1971–1972 in common have been analysed with a least squares algorithm. The results for the harmonic constants are compared to open ocean tide models and a good agreement is found. The variation of tidal parameters and mean sea level are calculated from a 70 years water level record from Bergen. An 18.6 yearly variation in amplitude and phase of the fortnightly tide Mf could be identified. Cross correlation techniques are used to investigate the nontidal part of the water level changes. Correlating the residuals of the analyses with each other, the main nontidal water level changes are found to be moving from south to north along the Norwegian coast, taking 20 hours to reach from Stavanger to Vadsø. The effect of local air pressure on sea level is modelled using transfer functions. Mean sea level changes in Bergen are found to correlate with changes in length of day and changes in global surface temperature.  相似文献