Tectonic geomorphology of the Kemalpaşa Basin and surrounding horsts,southwestern part of the Gediz Graben,Western Anatolia     

Çiğdem Tepe  Hasan Sözbilir 《Geodinamica Acta》2017,29(1):70-90

The Kemalpa?a Basin is one of the Quaternary basins in Western Anatolia and represents the south-western branch of the Gediz Graben system in this extensional province. This basin has been formed under the NNE–SSW trending extensional tectonic regime. It is bounded by a major fault, the Kemalpa?a Fault, in the south and it is bounded by a number of downstepping faults, called as Spilda?? Fault Zone, in the north. Both margin-bounding faults of the Kemalpa?a Basin are oblique-slip normal faults. In order to better understand the activities of these faults, we investigated the tectonic geomorphology of the Kemalpa?a Basin and interpreted the effect of tectonic activity on the geomorphological evolution using geomorphic markers such as drainage basin patterns, facet geometries and morphometric indices such as hypsometric curves and integral (HI), basin shape index (B_s), valley floor width-to-height ratio (V_f) and mountain front sinuosity (S_mf). The morphometric analysis of 30 drainage basins in total and mountain fronts bounding the basin from both sides suggests a relatively high degree of tectonic activity. The mountain front sinuosity (S_mf) generally varies from 1.1 to 1.3 in both sides of the basin suggesting the active fronts and facet slopes (12°–32°) suggest a relatively high degree of activity along the both sides of the Kemalpa?a Basin. Similarly, the valley floor width-to-height ratios (V_f) obtained from the both sides indicate low values varying from 0.043 to 0.92, which are typical values (<1) for tectonically active mountain fronts. The all values obtained are lower for the southern side. Therefore, we suggest that the tectonic activity of the Kemalpa?a Fault higher than the Spilda?? Fault Zone. This difference that can be arised from the different uplift rates also reveals the typical asymmetric characteristics of the Kemalpa?a Basin. Additionally, the trapezoidal facets which have been observed on the southern side of the basin indicate that the Kemalpa?a Fault is evolutionally more active as compared to the Spilda?? Fault Zone. The geomorphic indices indicate that the Quaternary landscape evolution of the Kemalpa?a Basin was governed by tectonic and erosional processes, and also the all results of morphometric analysis suggest a relatively high degree of tectonic activity along the faults bounding the Kemalpa?a Basin. Moreover, considering that active large normal faults with an average 15 km long can cause major earthquake, the earthquake hazard in the Kemalpa?a Basin should be investigated in detailed paleoseismological studies.  相似文献   

Continuous resistivity profiling survey in Mersin Harbour, Northeastern Mediterranean Sea     

Mahmut Okyar  Sedat Yılmaz  Devrim Tezcan  Hakan Çavaş 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2013,34(2):127-136

No detailed information has previously been available on the geological and geophysical characteristics of the sea floor and the underlying strata of Mersin Harbour, Northeastern Mediterranean Sea (Turkey). Continuous resistivity profiling (CRP) and borehole data from Mersin Harbour were used to interpret geoelectric stratigraphy of Neogene-Quaternary sediments in the area. This represents one of few such detailed case studies that have applied these valuable CRP techniques for the purpose of marine stratigraphic imaging. It was found that the Neogene-Quaternary sedimentary succession in the area consists of three geoelectric units (GU1, GU2, and GU3 from base to top). The lowest unit, GU1, has a resistivity value of greater than 20.0 ohm-m and consists of Miocene aged limestone and marl. The middle unit, GU2, is characterized by resistivity values ranging from 3.0 to 20.0 ohm-m. Its thickness is greater than 90 m, with the upper section being composed of stiff clay sequences which are Plio-Pleistocene in age. The uppermost unit, GU3, has resistivity values varying from 1.0 to 3.0 ohm-m. This unit displays a maximum thickness of 15 m, and is composed of Holocene muds together with gravel, sand, silt and clay (sometimes incorporating shells) materials of the Plio-Pleistocene age and their various mixtures, silty/clay limestone, and conglomerate sandstone. Comparisons of the geoelectric units with the depositional sequences interpreted from the available seismic data outwith, but close to, Mersin Harbour reveal that the geoelectric unit GU3 corresponds to the depositional sequences C (mainly Holocene) and B (mainly Plio-Pleistocene). The geoelectric unit GU2 partly correlates with the depositional sequence B which appears to be Plio-Pleistocene in age. The geoelectric unit GU1, which has not been encountered in previous seismic surveys, is a new discovery within Mersin Harbour. Limited correlation between the seismic and resistivity structures in the study area is attributed to differences in the acoustic impedance and resistivity contrasts of sub-bottom layers, as well as the penetration versus resolution performance of the systems.  相似文献   

Modeling of ECBM recovery from Amasra coalbed in Zonguldak Basin,Turkey     

Çağlar Sınayuç  Fevzi Gümrah 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2009,77(1-2):162-174

Zonguldak coal basin is the only productive hard coal basin of Turkey. The eastern part of the basin is called as Bartin–Amasra District, which has deeper coal seams. The depth and difficulty of mining these coal seams make this district an important candidate for coalbed methane (CBM) recovery. However, there is not enough reservoir data for modeling purposes. In this study, the lithologic information collected for coal mining industry was used to determine the correlations and the continuity of the coal seams. The lithologic information was examined and the depths of the coal seams and the locations of the exploration boreholes were used to perform a reliable correlation using a new method. As a result of the correlation study, 63 continuous coal layers were found. A statistical reserve estimation of each coal layer for methane was made by using Monte Carlo simulation method. The initial methane in place found in the coal layers both in free and adsorbed states were estimated using probabilistic simulations resulted in possible reserve (P10) of 2.07 billion m³, probable reserve (P50) of 1.35 billion m³ and proven reserves (P90) of 0.86 billion m³.Among the determined continuous coal layers, coal layer #26 was selected for a preliminary investigation of the applicability of enhanced coalbed methane (ECBM) recovery and CO₂ storage. The scarcity of coal seam reservoir data required a sensitivity study for the effects of reservoir parameters on operational performance indicators. The effects of adsorption, coal density, permeability, cleat porosity and permeability anisotropy parameters were examined using the Computer Modeling Group's (CMG) GEM module.  相似文献   

Cyclicity in the Middle Eocene Yamak turbidite complex of the Haymana basin,Central Anatolia,Turkey     

Attila Çiner  Max Deynoux  Erdal Kosun 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1996,85(4):669-682

The Haymana basin in central Anatolia (Turkey) formed on a Late Cretaceous to Middle Eocene fore-arc accretionary wedge. A sequential model is proposed for the 1-km-thick Lutetian Yamak turbidite complex (YTC) which is the youngest paleotectonic unit of the basin. The YTC represents a prograding submarine fan subdivided into three depositional sequences (DS), each several hundred meters thick. Each depositional sequence consists of a turbidite system (TS), with sandstone and conglomeratic sandstone beds alternating with mudstones, overlain by basin plain mudstones. In each turbidite system, the sandstone and mudstone sequential organization allows the distinction of smaller subdivisions, namely, basic sequences (BS) and basic units (BU), with each basic sequence being composed of several basic units. This subdivision, associated with a two-dimensional geometric reconstruction of the YTC, leads to a better understanding of the evolution in time and space of the submarine fan system. Lower to middle fan depositional lobes, and upper fan and slope channels, are represented. As a whole, the YTC progressed from a sand-poor to a sand-rich system. Depositional sequences (DS) of the YTC may correspond to third-order sea-level cycles of tectonic origin. Accordingly, fourth- and fifth-order cycles might be proposed for the BS and BU, respectively. However, partly because of the limited extent of exposures, the allocyclic origin of these finer subdivisions remains problematic.  相似文献   

Der Bergbau Radmer-Buchegg — ein Beitrag zur Genese alpiner Sideritlagerstätten     

Dr. A. Beran  Dr. F. Thalmann 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1978,25(4):287-303

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Messung des Ultrarot-Pleochroismus von Mineralen XII. Der Pleochroismus der OH-Streckfrequenz in Disthen     

Dr. A. Beran 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1971,16(3):129-135

Zusammenfassung Mikroskopisch Einschluß-freie Disthene aus der Schweiz zeigen im nahen UR-Spektralbereich eine scharfe Absorptionsbande mit einem Doppelmaximum bei 2,96 und 3,06 , das der OH-Streckschwingung zuzuordnen ist. In Kristallplatten parallel (100) zeigt das Doppelmaximum einen starken, in Platten parallel (010) einen nur schwachen Pleochroismus. Der Pleochroismus kann unter der Annahme zweier kristallographisch verschiedener OH-Gruppen erklärt werden, deren wahrscheinliche Orientierung abgeleitet wird.

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Measurement of the infrared-pleochroism in minerals. XII. The pleochroism of the OH-stretching frequency in kyanite

Summary Inclusion-free kyanites from Switzerland show in the near IR-absorption spectrum a sharp absorption band with a double maximum at 3378 cm^–1 and 3268 cm^–1 which belongs to the OH-stretching frequency. Crystal-plates parallel to (100) show a strong pleochroism for the double masimum, plates parallel to (010) only a weak pleochroism. This pleochroism can be explained by assuming two crystallographically different kinds of OH-groups; their probable orientation could be derived.

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Mit 3 Abbildungen  相似文献   

Untersuchungen zur Kristallchemie des Ilvaits     

Dr. A. Beran  Prof. Dr. H. Bittner 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1974,21(1):11-29

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Atmospheric waves observed in the planetary boundary layer using an acoustic sounder and a microbarograph array     

W. H. Hooke  J. M. Young  D. W. Beran 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1972,2(3):371-380

Acoustic sounder and microbarograph records of atmospheric waves propagating in the planetary boundary layer over Table Mountain, Colorado, are presented and compared. The two observing techniques are complementary in that the array provides wave amplitude, horizontal phase speed, direction, and wavelength, while the sounder provides a detailed picture of temporal changes in the structure of the lowermost kilometer or so of the Earth's atmosphere.  相似文献   

Measurement of nitric oxide and related parameters in the equatorial mesosphere and lower thermosphere     

K.M. Torkar  D. Beran  M. Friedrich  Shyam Lal 《Planetary and Space Science》1985,33(10):1169-1178

A sounding rocket was launched in March 1982 from Thumba, India, shortly after sunrise. The measurements included the concentration of nitric oxide and ozone, the total ion density and the Lyman-α flux. Hence most parameters important for the formation of the D-region during daytime are available with the exception of solar radiation other than Lyman-α which only becomes important above 95 km. The mutual agreement is satisfactory which adds weight to the measurements.  相似文献   

The geological and technical characterisation of Ömer–Gecek geothermal area and the environmental impact assessment of geothermal heating system in Afyon, Turkey     

Mustafa Çelik  Eyüp Sabah 《Environmental Geology》2002,41(8):942-953

. Turkey, located in the Alpine–Himalayan Orogenic Belt, is of great interest because of its abundant geothermal resources. In particular, the Ömer–Gecek region of Afyon is one of the important geothermal fields in Turkey exhibiting high geothermal potential. The stratigraphic sequence, from bottom to top, comprises schist and marbles called 'Afyon metamorphics', Neogene sediments, and trachyte and trachyandesites, which are the products of Afyon trachytic volcanism, and Karakaya basalts. The basalt flows form the latest phase of the volcanic activities. The magma pockets forming the volcanic rocks are the source of heat for the geothermal system. Aquifer rocks forming Pasadagi marbles are aged Palaeozoic. Despite the high geothermal potential, Afyon is one of the provinces in Turkey suffering from air pollution. In order to utilize this potential and reduce air pollution problems, Afyon Geothermal Heating System (AFJET) was initiated in 1994 and put into operation in 1996 with an installed capacity of 10,000 residences out of which 4,453 have been successfully heated. If Tunçbilek–Kütahya coal, which contains 17.56% ash and 1.27% combustible sulphur was burnt instead of utilizing geothermal energy, approximately 768 tons of SOx,78,740 t of CO2 and 4,083 t of particulate matter would have been emitted to the atmosphere. The results obtained from Afyon experience reveal that not only the emission of tremendous amounts of pollutants is eliminated, but also a cheap energy alternative with an environmental friendly heating source is provided.  相似文献