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Elie Verleyen Dominic A. Hodgson Koen Sabbe Holger Cremer Steven D. Emslie John Gibson Brenda Hall Satoshi Imura Sakae Kudoh Gareth J. Marshall Andrew McMinn Martin Melles Louise Newman Donna Roberts Steve J. Roberts Shiv M. Singh Mieke Sterken Ines Tavernier Sergey Verkulich Evelien Van de Vyver Wim Van Nieuwenhuyze Bernd Wagner Wim Vyverman 《Earth》2011,104(4):199-212
We review the post-glacial climate variability along the East Antarctic coastline using terrestrial and shallow marine geological records and compare these reconstructions with data from elsewhere. Nearly all East Antarctic records show a near-synchronous Early Holocene climate optimum (11.5–9 ka BP), coinciding with the deglaciation of currently ice-free regions and the optimum recorded in Antarctic ice and marine sediment cores. Shallow marine and coastal terrestrial climate anomalies appear to be out of phase after the Early Holocene warm period, and show complex regional patterns, but an overall trend of cooling in the terrestrial records. A Mid to Late Holocene warm period is present in many East Antarctic lake and shallow coastal marine records. Although there are some differences in the regional timing of this warm period, it typically occurs somewhere between 4.7 and 1 ka BP, which overlaps with a similar optimum found in Antarctic Peninsula terrestrial records. The differences in the timing of these sometimes abrupt warm events in different records and regions points to a number of mechanisms that we have yet to identify. Nearly all records show a neoglacial cooling from 2 ka BP onwards. There is no evidence along the East Antarctic coastline for an equivalent to the Northern Hemisphere Medieval Warm Period and there is only weak circumstantial evidence in a few places for a cool event crudely equivalent in time to the Northern Hemisphere's Little Ice Age. There is a need for well-dated, high resolution climate records in coastal East Antarctica and particularly in Terre Adélie, Dronning Maud Land and Enderby Land to fully understand the regional climate anomalies, the disparity between marine and terrestrial records, and to determine the significance of the heterogeneous temperature trends being measured in the Antarctic today. 相似文献
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de la Vara Alba Cabos William Sein Dmitry V. Sidorenko Dmitry Koldunov Nikolay V. Koseki Shunya Soares Pedro M. M. Danilov Sergey 《Climate Dynamics》2020,54(11-12):4733-4757
Climate Dynamics - Despite the efforts of the modelling community to improve the representation of the sea surface temperature (SST) over the South Eastern Tropical Atlantic, warm biases still... 相似文献
226.
Sergey Oladyshkin Holger Class Rainer Helmig Wolfgang Nowak 《Computational Geosciences》2011,15(3):565-577
CO2 storage in geological formations is currently being discussed intensively as a technology with a high potential for mitigating
CO2 emissions. However, any large-scale application requires a thorough analysis of the potential risks. Current numerical simulation
models are too expensive for probabilistic risk analysis or stochastic approaches based on a brute-force approach of repeated
simulation. Even single deterministic simulations may require parallel high-performance computing. The multiphase flow processes
involved are too non-linear for quasi-linear error propagation and other simplified stochastic tools. As an alternative approach,
we propose a massive stochastic model reduction based on the probabilistic collocation method. The model response is projected
onto a higher-order orthogonal basis of polynomials to approximate dependence on uncertain parameters (porosity, permeability,
etc.) and design parameters (injection rate, depth, etc.). This allows for a non-linear propagation of model uncertainty affecting
the predicted risk, ensures fast computation, and provides a powerful tool for combining design variables and uncertain variables
into one approach based on an integrative response surface. Thus, the design task of finding optimal injection regimes explicitly
includes uncertainty, which leads to robust designs with a minimum failure probability. We validate our proposed stochastic
approach by Monte Carlo simulation using a common 3D benchmark problem (Class et al., Comput Geosci 13:451–467, 2009). A reasonable compromise between computational efforts and precision was reached already with second-order polynomials.
In our case study, the proposed approach yields a significant computational speed-up by a factor of 100 compared with the
Monte Carlo evaluation. We demonstrate that, due to the non-linearity of the flow and transport processes during CO2 injection, including uncertainty in the analysis leads to a systematic and significant shift of the predicted leakage rates
toward higher values compared with deterministic simulations, affecting both risk estimates and the design of injection scenarios. 相似文献
227.
An assessment of Arctic Ocean freshwater content changes from the 1990s to the 2006-2008 period 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Benjamin Rabe Michael KarcherUrsula Schauer John M. TooleRichard A. Krishfield Sergey PisarevFrank Kauker Rüdiger GerdesTakashi Kikuchi 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2011,58(2):173-185
Unprecedented summer-season sampling of the Arctic Ocean during the period 2006-2008 makes possible a quasi-synoptic estimate of liquid freshwater (LFW) inventories in the Arctic Ocean basins. In comparison to observations from 1992 to 1999, LFW content relative to a salinity of 35 in the layer from the surface to the 34 isohaline increased by 8400±2000 km3 in the Arctic Ocean (water depth greater than 500 m). This is close to the annual export of freshwater (liquid and solid) from the Arctic Ocean reported in the literature.Observations and a model simulation show regional variations in LFW were both due to changes in the depth of the lower halocline, often forced by regional wind-induced Ekman pumping, and a mean freshening of the water column above this depth, associated with an increased net sea ice melt and advection of increased amounts of river water from the Siberian shelves. Over the whole Arctic Ocean, changes in the observed mean salinity above the 34 isohaline dominated estimated changes in LFW content; the contribution to LFW change by bounding isohaline depth changes was less than a quarter of the salinity contribution, and non-linear effects due to both factors were negligible. 相似文献
228.
Riphean basins of the central and western Siberian Platform 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sergey V. FrolovGrigorii G. Akhmanov Elena V. KozlovaOleg V. Krylov Ksenia A. SitarYuriy I. Galushkin 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(4):906-920
The Siberian Platform is unique by its volume of Meso-Neoproterozoic sedimentary deposits. For about one billion years (∼1650-650 Ma) several sedimentary basins were developed here, resulting in the formation of several kilometers thickness of sedimentary cover. The Riphean (Mesoproterozoic-Lower Neoproterozoic) rocks are exposed mainly along platform peripheries. The most complete sections are represented by several megacycles. Each megacycle contains terrigenous series at the base and carbonate formations in the upper part. Several isolated and anisochronous basins were created during the Riphean on the territory of East Siberia. Some of them were intracratonic, others were developed on passive margins. Neoproterozoic orogeny along the platform boundaries resulted in re-organization of the Siberian basins, with extensive faulting, uplifting and erosion of the territories.In eastern Siberia, Riphean series contain large hydrocarbon accumulations. The reservoirs were formed mainly due to fracturing and leaching of carbonate strata (e.g. vugular carbonates of the pre-Vendian weathering crust). The Upper Proterozoic deposits are overlain by thick clayey-carbonate and saliferous-carbonate series of the Upper Vendian and Cambrian, isolating them from the upper sedimentary cover. The Riphean basins contained thick, organic rich, clayey and clayey carbonate. In some of them a hydrocarbon generation maximum took place at the end of the Riphean. The pre-Vendian erosion has removed a significant volume of Riphean sediments. During this time a majority of already formed hydrocarbon accumulations have been lost or degraded. Remaining Riphean series have generated hydrocarbons during the Paleozoic.Despite its complex history, the Riphean is still considered highly prospective, with source rocks developing at multiple levels and reservoirs occurring in both carbonate and clastic rocks. Discoveries of new oil-and-gas fields in East Siberia are likely, but will depend on integration of detailed seismic data and a large volume of core data for the correct prognosis of Riphean reservoir distribution. 相似文献
229.
Liang Zhao Huijun Jin Chuanchuan Li Zhijiu Cui Xiaoli Chang Sergey S. Marchenko Jef Vandenberghe Tingjun Zhang Dongliang Luo Dongxin Guo Gengnian Liu Chaolu Yi 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2014,43(3):688-698
Recent investigations into relict periglacial phenomena in northern and western China and on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau provide information for delineating the extent of permafrost in China during the Late Pleistocene. Polygonal and wedge‐shaped structures indicate that, during the local Last Glacial Maximum (LLGM, between ~35 and 10.5 ka BP), the southern limit of latitudinal permafrost in northern China advanced southward at least to ~38–40°N in the east and to ~37–39°N in the west. This represents an advance of about 5–10° of latitude beyond present‐day permafrost limits. The lower limits of elevationally controlled permafrost on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and its peripheries were about 1000 m lower: this permafrost was largely continuous during the LLGM. This suggests a cooling of between 4 and 10°C, or more. This paper discusses the extent of permafrost during the LLGM and presents maps that have been constructed on the basis of extensive and integrative analysis of all reliable and pertinent data. The results indicate that the extent of LLGM permafrost in China was between ~3.8 and 4.3×106 km2. This is 80 to 100% more than that of ~2.15×106 km2 in the 1970s, and 120 to ~150% more than that of ~1.75×106 km2 today. 相似文献
230.
Natalya MIRZOYEVA Sergey GULIN Olga PLOTITSINA Alexandra STETSUK Svetlana ARKHIPOVA Nina KORKISHKO Oleg EREMIN 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):155-157
正1 Introduction The salt lakes of the Crimea contain the practically inexhaustible sources of salts of sodium,magnesium,bromine and other chemical elements(Ponizovskii,1965),being the potential powerful raw materials base for the 相似文献