GIS-based cost distribution analysis of new consumer connections to an urban power grid     

Sergey V. Kosyakov  Artur M. Sadykov 《地球空间信息科学学报》2013,16(4):183-192

In this paper, we propose a method of cost distribution analysis of new consumer connections to a city power grid by accounting for spatial restrictions and characteristics of existing networks. In practice, the calculation of connection costs for each new consumer includes the network design and financial expenditure. We suggest that connection costs should be calculated for the whole city based on the normative parameters at the stage when the object location is selected by investors and when power grid development is planned by power companies. The proposed method enables the modeling of new power line connection routes from every parcel of city land to possible points of connection to the operating networks based on the raster design of the area. The optimal path is chosen by one criterion consisting of two components: the costs of both laying new power lines and providing sufficient power reserve in the chosen network connection point. Realized as a computer program, the method has been used to calculate the costs of connections to low-voltage power lines.  相似文献   

Statistical Variability and Tokunaga Branching of Aftershock Sequences Utilizing BASS Model Simulations     

Mark R. Yoder  Jordan Van Aalsburg  Donald L. Turcotte  Sergey G. Abaimov  John B. Rundle 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2013,170(1-2):155-171

Aftershock statistics provide a wealth of data that can be used to better understand earthquake physics. Aftershocks satisfy scale-invariant Gutenberg–Richter (GR) frequency–magnitude statistics. They also satisfy Omori’s law for power-law seismicity rate decay and Båth’s law for maximum-magnitude scaling. The branching aftershock sequence (BASS) model, which is the scale-invariant limit of the epidemic-type aftershock sequence model (ETAS), uses these scaling laws to generate synthetic aftershock sequences. One objective of this paper is to show that the branching process in these models satisfies Tokunaga branching statistics. Tokunaga branching statistics were originally developed for drainage networks and have been subsequently shown to be valid in many other applications associated with complex phenomena. Specifically, these are characteristic of a universality class in statistical physics associated with diffusion-limited aggregation. We first present a deterministic version of the BASS model and show that it satisfies the Tokunaga side-branching statistics. We then show that a fully stochastic BASS simulation gives similar results. We also study foreshock statistics using our BASS simulations. We show that the frequency–magnitude statistics in BASS simulations scale as the exponential of the magnitude difference between the mainshock and the foreshock, inverse GR scaling. We also show that the rate of foreshock occurrence in BASS simulations decays inversely with the time difference between foreshock and mainshock, an inverse Omori scaling. Both inverse scaling laws have been previously introduced empirically to explain observed foreshock statistics. Observations have demonstrated both of these scaling relations to be valid, consistent with our simulations. ETAS simulations, in general, do not generate Båth’s law and do not generate inverse GR scaling.  相似文献   

Multiscale modeling of coastal,shelf, and global ocean dynamics     

Lermusiaux  Pierre F. J.  Schr&#;ter  Jens  Danilov  Sergey  Iskandarani  Mohamed  Pinardi  Nadia  Westerink  Joannes J. 《Ocean Dynamics》2013,63(11):1341-1344

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Evolution of the X-ray luminosity and metallicity of starburst blown superbubbles     

Sergey A. Silich  †  Guillermo Tenorio-Tagle  ‡  Roberto Terlevich  §  Elena Terlevich †¶  Hagai Netzer 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,324(1):191-200

We have modelled the evolution of hot superbubbles in starbursts, taking into account the rapid changes in the chemical composition of the interior of the superbubbles resulting from the large stellar mass loss, i.e. stellar winds from massive young stars and type II supernovae. We have followed in detail the time-dependent production and mixing of oxygen and iron in the interior of the hot superbubbles and showed that while the oxygen abundance rapidly climbs to over solar values in less than 10 Myr, iron abundance remains always under solar. This highly enhanced oxygen metallicity boosts the early X-ray luminosity of superbubbles while keeping the iron abundance subsolar. This brings theory and X-ray observations of the luminosity and metal content of young starbursts closer together.  相似文献   

Sources of δ18O Concentration Variability in Greenland Ice Cores: Temperature, North Atlantic Oscillation and Solar Activity     

Valentin A. Dergachev  Sergey S. Vasiliev 《Solar physics》2004,224(1-2):433-443

This work concerns possible connection between variations of δ¹⁸O in Greenland ice, temperature, precipitation amount, NAO indices and relative sunspot numbers. The relationships between 10-year averaged values of this data were derived making use of regression analysis methods. It was discovered that February temperature yields the main contribution in variability of δ¹⁸O. The multiple correlation coefficient between weighted night temperature of the most important months and δ¹⁸O equals 0.95±0.01. Besides the local source of δ¹⁸O changes, defined by the amount of precipitation and temperature, an additional source correlated with the level of solar activity has been revealed. The relative contribution of this source in the δ¹⁸O variance is about 0.1. It has been shown that the multiple correlation coefficient between δ¹⁸O and NAO indices is equal to 0.85. Therefore the NAO yields more than 2/3 of the variances of climatic change in Greenland. An independent contribution of solar activity in climatic changes is about 1/3.  相似文献   

Magnetorotational supernovae. Magnetorotational instability. Jet formation     

Sergey G. Moiseenko  Gennady S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2007,311(1-3):191-195

2D numerical simulations of magnetorotational (MR) supernova mechanism are described. It is shown that magnetic field is amplified due to the differential rotation after core collapse. When magnetic pressure reaches some level, a compression wave starts to move outwards. Moving along steeply decreasing density profile the compression wave transforms quickly into fast MHD shock. The magnetorotational instability (MRI) was found in our simulations. MRI leads to the exponential growth of the components of the magnetic field. The MRI significantly reduces MR supernova explosion time. Configuration of the initial magnetic field qualitatively defines the shape of MR supernova explosion. For the quadrupole-like initial poloidal field the MR supernova explosion develops mainly along equatorial plane, the dipole-like initial field results in MR supernova developing as mildly collimated jet along axis of rotation. The explosion energy of MR supernova found in our simulations is ∼0.5–0.6×10⁵¹ erg.  相似文献   

Collection of radiocarbon dates on the mammoths (Mammuthus primigenius) and other genera of Wrangel Island, northeast Siberia, Russia     

Sergey L. Vartanyan  Khikmat A. Arslanov  Juha A. Karhu  Gran Possnert  Leopold D. Sulerzhitsky 《Quaternary Research》2008,70(1):51-59

We present and discuss a full list of radiocarbon dates for woolly mammoth and other species of the Mammoth fauna available from Wrangel Island, northeast Siberia, Russia. Most of the radiocarbon dates are published here for the first time. Of the124 radiocarbon dates on mammoth bone, 106 fall between 3700 and 9000 yr ago. We believe these dates bracket the period of mammoth isolation on Wrangel Island and their ultimate extinction, which we attribute to natural causes. The absence of dates between 9–12 ka probably indicates a period when mammoths were absent from Wrangel Island. Long bone dimensions of Holocene mammoths from Wrangel Island indicate that these animals were comparable in size to those on the mainland; although they were not large animals, neither can they be classified as dwarfs. Occurrence of mammoth Holocene refugia on the mainland is suggested. Based on other species of the Mammoth fauna that have also been radiocarbon on Wrangel Island, including horse, bison, musk ox and woolly rhinoceros, it appears that the mammoth was the only species of that fauna that inhabited Wrangel Island in the mid-Holocene.  相似文献   

An Investigation of the Reliability of HF Acid Mixtures in the Bomb Digestion of Silicate Rocks for the Determination of Trace Elements by ICP‐MS          下载免费PDF全文

Olga Okina  Sergey Lyapunov  Mariya Avdosyeva  Boris Ermolaev  Vladimir Golubchikov  Anatoly Gorbunov  Victor Sheshukov 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2016,40(4):583-597

The influence of the mixtures HF‐HNO₃ and HF‐NH₄F‐HNO₃ in bomb digestion for trace element determination from different rock types was studied using ICP‐MS. It is shown that the HF concentration, not the ratio of reagents in the decomposing mixture, controls the digestion process of a rock. Data for Zr in the granite G‐2 as a function of HF concentration gave the same results as reaction mixtures of various compositions. A complete digestion in 50‐mg sample bombs was achieved by 1.0 ml of HF alone, or with a mixture of other acids at a HF concentration of at least 35% m/m at 196 °C over 18 h. The results of the analysis of basalts BCR‐1, BIR‐1, mica schist SDC‐1, shale SBC‐1, granites G‐2, SG‐1A, garnet‐biotite plagiogneiss GBPg‐1, rhyolite RGM‐1, granodiorite GSP‐1, trachyandesite MTA‐1 and rhyolite MRh‐1 are given and compared against available data. The reproducibility of the element determinations by ICP‐MS and XRF as an independent non‐destructive analysis for a quality check in the range of concentrations typical for routine rock samples is given.  相似文献   

Peloids of Crimean salt lakes and the Dead Sea: controls on composition and formation     

Irina Kotova  Elena Kayukova  Sergey Kotov 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(16):1207

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Geochemistry of Thermal Waters of Continental Margin of Far East of Russia   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ivan V. BRAGIN  Georgy A. CHELNOKOV  Oleg V. CHUDAEV  Natalia A. KHARITONOVA  Sergey V. VYSOTSKIY 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(1):276-284

Studied waters belong to warm(T=30-50℃),alkaline(pH=8.9-9.3),low mineralized(TDS235 mg/1)Na-HCO_3 or Na-SO_4-HCO_3 thermal waters with high content of SiO_2(up to 81 mg/l)and F(up to 3.9 mg/1),occur on modern volcano-tectonic rejuvenated areas of Eastern Sikhote-Alin orogenic belt.Low~3He concentration as well as N_2/O_2 and N_2/Ar ratios exclude influence of deep mantle fluid.New rare earth element data constrain our understandmg of water-rock interaction occurring in the water source region.Meteoric origin of waters is proved by stable isotope values varying from-71‰to-136.1‰and from-10.8‰to-18.8‰forδ~2U andδ~(18)O respectively.REE patterns reflect high pH,resultfing from water-rock interaction and oxidative conditions.Calculations of deep aquifer temperature using Na-K and quartz geothermometers show 116.8-131.1°C and 82.2-125.8℃respectively.Presence of deep faults both with abnormal thermal gradient(~45-50 K/km)define unique geochemical shape of thermal waters of Sikhote-Alin,area,where no present volcanic activity is registered.  相似文献