Doing community geography     

Fischer  Heather  Block  Daniel  Bosse  Amber  Hawthorne  Timothy L.  Jung  Jin-Kyu  Pearsall  Hamil  Rees  Amanda  Shannon  Jerry 《GeoJournal》2021,87(2):293-306

Community Geography offers researchers, community groups, and students opportunities to engage in action oriented applied geographical research. Creating and sustaining these research programs can be challenging, programs can involve many partners from both academic and the community, have different goals and purposes, and utilize a variety of methods to perform research. In this paper we offer a framework of three primary overarching principles for implementing CG projects; (1) Who, (2) Why, and (3) How. (1) “Who” describes who is involved in CG, including researchers, community partners, academic institutions, (2) “Why” describes the justifications and benefits of taking this approach. (3) “How” explains how CG borrows methodologies from many disciplines within geography and beyond. Our examples are not exhaustive; rather, they serve as starting points to inspire researchers interested in CG.

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Practicing community geography in times of crisis     

Shannon  Jerry  Torres  Hannah  Mariner  Kathryn A.  Hawthorne  Timothy L. 《GeoJournal》2021,87(2):151-157

Community geography emphasizes the centrality of community engagement to socially transformative research. This introduction to a special issue of GeoJournal on community geography outlines how this growing subfield provides a model for collaborative action with the crises of our time, from white supremacy through climate change. As the co-editors of this special issue, we summarize the contents of these 14 articles, grouping them by the shared themes of power, institutional partnerships, pedagogy, and methods.

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Sea level rise and tigers: predicted impacts to Bangladesh’s Sundarbans mangroves     

Colby Loucks  Shannon Barber-Meyer  Md. Abdullah Abraham Hossain  Adam Barlow  Ruhul Mohaiman Chowdhury 《Climatic change》2010,98(1-2):291-298

The Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem, shared by India and Bangladesh, is recognized as a global priority for biodiversity conservation. Sea level rise, due to climate change, threatens the long term persistence of the Sundarbans forests and its biodiversity. Among the forests’ biota is the only tiger (Panthera tigris) population in the world adapted for life in mangrove forests. Prior predictions on the impacts of sea level rise on the Sundarbans have been hampered by coarse elevation data in this low-lying region, where every centimeter counts. Using high resolution elevation data, we estimate that with a 28 cm rise above 2000 sea levels, remaining tiger habitat in Bangladesh’s Sundarbans would decline by 96% and the number of breeding individuals would be reduced to less than 20. Assuming current sea level rise predictions and local conditions do not change, a 28 cm sea level rise is likely to occur in the next 50–90 years. If actions to both limit green house gas emissions and increase resilience of the Sundarbans are not initiated soon, the tigers of the Sundarbans may join the Arctic’s polar bears (Ursus maritimus) as early victims of climate change-induced habitat loss.  相似文献   

Time-series analysis of six whale-fall communities in Monterey Canyon,California, USA     

Lonny Lundsten  Kyra L. Schlining  Kaitlin Frasier  Shannon B. Johnson  Linda A. Kuhnz  Julio B.J. Harvey  Gillian Clague  Robert C. Vrijenhoek 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2010,57(12):1573-1584

Dead whale carcasses that sink to the deep seafloor introduce a massive pulse of energy capable of hosting dynamic communities of organisms in an otherwise food-limited environment. Through long-term observations of one natural and five implanted whale carcasses in Monterey Canyon, CA, this study suggests that: (1) depth and related physical conditions play a crucial role in species composition; (2) the majority of species in these communities are background deep-sea taxa; and (3) carcass degradation occurs sub-decadally. Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) equipped with studio quality video cameras were used to survey whales during 0.8 to seven year periods, depending on the carcass. All organisms were identified to the lowest possible taxon. Community differences among whale-falls seemed to be most strongly related to depth and water temperature. The communities changed significantly from initial establishment shortly after a carcass’ arrival at the seafloor through multiple years of steady degradation. The majority of species found at the whale-falls were background taxa commonly seen in Monterey Bay. While populations of species characterized as bone specialists, seep restricted, and of unknown habitat affinities were also observed, sometimes in great abundance, they contributed minimally to overall species richness. All whale carcasses, shallow and deep, exhibited sub-decadal degradation and a time-series of mosaic images at the deepest whale site illustrates the rapidity at which the carcasses degrade.  相似文献   

Seismological service of Canada: Instrumentation and data processing     

R.B. Hayman  W.E. Shannon 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1979,18(2):95-104

The Earth Physics Branch of the Department of Energy, Mines and Resources operates a variety of seismological installations throughout Canada including nineteen Standard and fourteen Regional Stations. At Yellowknife there is an 18-element short-period medium-aperture array with on-site processing which produces a daily detection bulletin. At Ottawa and Victoria, regional telemetered networks have been established which employ wide dynamic range digital data transmission and on-line event detectors. A six-element transportable array employing FM telemetry in the UHF band is used for local seismicity studies. Microprocessor-controlled event-triggered casette recorders are being developed as a further aid to regional seismicity studies. On the West Coast the Branch operates a strong-motion network that includes 28 accelerometers. At Ottawa, the data management group controls the flow of data and arranges for the distribution of seismograms, tape recordings, phase data and other derived information to Branch seismologists and other outside agencies.  相似文献   

Ionic conductivity in sodium magnesium silicates     

R. D. Shannon 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1979,4(2):139-148

Na₂MgSiO₄ crystals prepared hydrothermally at 700° C and 3,000 atm are related to carnegieite with SG Pmn2₁, a=7.015(2), b=10.968(2), and c=5.260(1). Na conductivity in Na₂MgSiO₄ is 3.0×10^?5 (ohm-cm)^?1 at 300° C but can be raised to 1.1×10^?3 (ohm-cm)^?1 by creating Na vacancies in the composition Na_1.9Mg_0.9Al_0.1O₄. Na₄Mg₂Si₃O₁₀ is also a cristobalite-related carnegieite with the orthorhombic cell a=10.584(7), b=14.328(7), and c=5.233(5). The Na conductivity of Na₄Mg₂Si₃O₁₀ is 4.8×10^?3 (ohm-cm)^?1 at 300° C.  相似文献   

Resource concerns for territorial conflict     

Shannon O’Lear 《GeoJournal》2005,64(4):297-306

The objective of this paper is to engage constructively with literature on armed conflict and resources in order to draw attention both to assumptions that hinder a more accurate or useful understanding of natural resources and their role in territorial conflict as well as to aspects of this field of research that merit further work. In much of the literature on resource conflict, territorial aspects are either implicitly or explicitly tied to resource conflict largely through the assumption that the value of territory is intrinsic. Little of the literature attempts to advance theory, specifically, either on the particular role of resources or on the meaning and objectives of conflict beyond a one-dimensional objective of maintaining or securing control of territory. The paper considers themes of resource scarcity and resource abundance in conflict. A third section focuses on an analysis both of natural resource databases and of conflict databases (both international and civil) which emphasizes problematic results of blending these databases to demonstrate correlations. UIUC territorial conflict management workshop  相似文献   

A wide-angle seismic traverse through the Variscan of southwest Ireland     

F. Masson  A. W. B. Jacob  C. Prodehl  P. W. Readman  P. M. Shannon  A. Schulze  & U. Enderle 《Geophysical Journal International》1998,134(3):689-705

A wide-angle seismic profile across the western peninsulas of SW Ireland was performed. This region corresponds to the northernmost Variscan thrust and fold deformation. The dense set of 13 shots and 109 stations along the 120  km long profile provides a detailed velocity model of the crust.
  The seismic velocity model, obtained by forward and inverse modelling, defines a five-layer crust. A sedimentary layer, 5–8  km thick, is underlain by an upper-crustal layer of variable thickness, with a base generally at a depth of 10–12  km. Two mid-crustal layers are defined, and a lower-crustal layer below 22  km. The Moho lies at a depth of 30–32  km. A low-velocity zone, which coincides with a well-defined gravity low, is observed in the central part of the region and is modelled as a Caledonian granite which intruded upper-crustal basement. The granite may have acted as a buffer to northward-directed Variscan thrusting. The Dingle–Dungarvan Line (DDL) marks a major change in sedimentary and crustal velocity and structure. It lies immediately to the north of the velocity and gravity low, and shows thickness and velocity differences in many of the underlying crustal layers and even in the Moho. This suggests a deep, pre-Variscan control of the structural development of this area. The model is compatible with thin-skinned tectonics, which terminated at the DDL and which incorporated thrusts involving the sedimentary and upper-crustal layers.  相似文献   

Using Electronic Mail (E-mail) Surveys for Geographic Research: Lessons from a Survey of Russian Environmentalists*     

Shannon R. M. O'Lear 《The Professional geographer》1996,48(2):209-217

The expansion of the Internet and e-mail access around the globe, especially into less-developed areas, raises the question of how geographers might use this technology for research purposes and the development of appropriate methodologies. This paper identifies three ways in which the use of e-mail surveys for geographic research differs from traditional mail surveys. First, there are substantial differences in selecting an appropriate sample population. Second, electronic medium considerations such as alphabet character translation, survey format, and receiving end conditions pose unique data collection challenges. Third, ascertaining that e-mail addresses to be included in a survey are operative is discussed as a useful means of maximizing the potential of an e-mail survey. Examples from an e-mail survey of environmentalists in Russia illustrate these points.  相似文献   

Early evolution of an X-ray emitting solar active region     

C. J. Wolfson  L. W. Acton  J. W. Leibacher  D. T. Roethig 《Solar physics》1977,55(1):181-193

The birth and early evolution of a solar active region has been investigated using X-ray observations from the Lockheed Mapping X-Ray Heliometer on board the OSO-8 spacecraft. X-ray emission is observed within three hours of the first detection of H plage. At that time, a plasma temperature of 4 × 10⁶ K in a region having a density of the order of 10¹⁰ cm^–3 is inferred. During the fifty hours following birth almost continuous flares or flare-like X-ray bursts are superimposed on a monotonically increasing base level of X-ray emission produced by plasma with a temperature of the order 3 × 10⁶ K. If we assume that the X-rays result from heating due to dissipation of current systems or magnetic field reconnection, we conclude that flare-like X-ray emission soon after active region birth implies that the magnetic field probably emerges in a stressed or complex configuration.  相似文献