宁波贝类养殖滩涂沉积物中化学物质的分析研究     

曹根庭  王国良  薛超波 《海洋湖沼通报》2008,(3)

对宁波市沿海主要滩涂贝类养殖环境中的有机物、硫化物、总磷(TOP)、总氮(TON)、重金属(Cd、Cr、Pb、Hg、Cu、As)等的污染情况进行了分析与评价.研究结果表明:宁波市滩涂贝类养殖环境尽管受到了一定的污染,但总体状况良好,基本符合滩涂贝类养殖的使用要求.除了枯水期三北滩涂中有机物的含量略微超标,丰水期Cu的含量超标现象较为严重外,其它化学物质的含量均低于评价标准.数据分析表明,沉积物中各化学物质的含量与底质类型之间有着密切的联系,除了作为营养因子的总磷和总氮外,其它化学要素的含量均随着沉积物粒度的减小而增大.此外,沉积物环境中许多化学物质之间也存在着一定的相关性.  相似文献   

三峡水库蓄水后巴东地区波速比（Vp/Vs）研究     

陈俊华甘家思  李普丽薛军蓉  李峰李垠 《大地测量与地球动力学》2007,27(F06):12-14,42

采用固定台站法计算了三峡水库蓄水后湖北省巴东地区ML2.0以上地震的波速比值,并给出了各自的相关系数。结果显示,巴东地区地震波速比值变化与水库地震的震源浅,裂隙发育,水的渗入作用等有关,并存在扩容期间波速比降低,震前波速比回升的现象。  相似文献   

Holocene climatic change reconstructed from trace elements of an aeolian deposit in the southeastern Mu Us Desert,northern China     

Bing Liu  HeLing Jin  LiangYing Sun  WenPing Xue  ZhenYu Liu 《寒旱区科学》2019,11(2)

In semi-arid and arid desert regions of northern China, aeolian deposits document the framework variation of an Asian monsoon during the late Quaternary. However, there is still a lack of detailed data pertaining to Holocene Asian monsoonal variation especial in the modern Asian summer monsoonal boundary belt. In this study, we reconstructed Holocene millennial-scale climatic changes in the Mu Us Desert, northern China, through systematic analysis of the variation of trace elements(324 samples) in different lithological units of the palaeosol-aeolian sand deposit, in combination with14 C and OSL chronology. Statistical results, correlation and clustering analysis indicate that the high content of 11 trace elements(V, Y, Cr, Nb, P, Mn, Cu, Zr, As, Ni and Rb, represented by P) and lower Sr content corresponding to periods of palaeosol development, marked increase of vegetation, weathering degree, and enhanced Asian summer monsoonal strength. In contrast, their opposed variation are coincident with accumulated aeolian sand layers, implying weaker summer monsoons and less geochemical weathering and degraded vegetation. These associations can be considered as signaling regional humid and dry changes of the Holocene environment. Accordingly, relatively arid conditions dominated the region before 7.2 ka, and there was an optimal humid climate in 7.2-4.6 ka. Afterwards, the climate became obviously dry, accompanied with several cycles of relatively wet and dry, such as relatively wet intervals around 4.1-3.7 ka, 3.5-3.3 ka and 2.5 ka. In addition, six millennial-scale dry events were recorded, and these events were consistent with weaker Asian summer monsoonal intervals in low latitudes, declined palaeosol development and precipitation in middle latitudes, as well as increased winter monsoon and periodic ice-rafting events in high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, within limits of accuracy of existing dating ages. This possibly suggests a noteworthy synchronism between millennial-scale climatic changes in this region and on a global scale.  相似文献   

变化环境下中国东南沿海致灾气旋及其人口暴露度研究     

陈雪  苏布达  温姗姗  姜彤  王艳君  高梦竹 《海洋通报》2020,39(2):241-248

本文基于气象观测站的逐日气压、风速和降水量确定致灾气旋阈值,结合区域气候模式COSMO-CLM (CCLM)输出,研究中国东南沿海地区2021—2050年RCP2.6、4.5、8.5情景下致灾气旋的时空变化特征。并采用人口-发展-环境分析模型(PDE),预测共享社会经济路径SSP2下东南沿海地区人口发展趋势,揭示了致灾气旋人口暴露度演变。研究表明:(1) RCP2.6情景,东南沿海地区平均每年发生致灾气旋6.3次,风速和降水量较基准期(1986—2005年)分别增加9%和15%,72%区域致灾气旋人口暴露度有所增加。暴露在超基准期最大影响面积和最强风速下的致灾气旋人口分别增加2.1亿和0.1亿。(2) RCP4.5情景,致灾气旋年均发生7次,风速和降水量较基准期分别上升16%和32%,89%地区致灾气旋暴露人口增加。暴露在超基准期最大影响面积和最强风速下的致灾气旋人口分别增加2.6亿和0.5亿。(3) RCP8.5情景,致灾气旋年均发生5.8次,风速和降水量较基准期分别增加32%和50%,65%区域致灾气旋暴露人口度有所增加。暴露在超基准期最大影响面积和最强风速下的致灾气旋人口分别增加5.7亿和1.9亿。(4)相比RCP2.6,RCP8.5情景致灾气旋风速和降水量高出23%和35%,暴露于超基准期最大影响面积和最强风速的致灾气旋人口分别多3.6亿和1.8亿。控制温室气体浓度对降低致灾气旋的不利影响具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Analysis of soil‐structural interface behavior using three‐dimensional DEM simulations          下载免费PDF全文

Xue‐Ying Jing  Wan‐Huan Zhou  Hua‐Xiang Zhu  Zhen‐Yu Yin  Yangmin Li 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2018,42(2):339-357

The shear behavior at the interface between the soil and a structure is investigated at the macroscale and particle‐scale levels using a 3‐dimensional discrete element method (DEM). The macroscopic mechanical properties and microscopic quantities affected by the normalized interface roughness and the loading parameters are analyzed. The macro‐response shows that the shear strength of the interface increases as the normalized roughness of the interface increases, and stress softening and dilatancy of the soil material are observed in the tests that feature rough interfaces. The particle‐scale analysis illustrates that a localized band characterized by intense shear deformation emerges from the contact plane and gradually expands as shearing progresses before stabilizing at the residual stress state. The thickness of the localized band is affected by the normalized roughness of the interface and the normal stress, which ranges between 4 and 5 times that of the median grain diameter. A thicker localized band is formed when the soil has a rough shearing interface. After the localized band appears, the granular material structuralizes into 2 regions: the interface zone and the upper zone. The mechanical behavior in the interface zone is representative of the interface according to the local average stress analysis. Certain microscopic quantities in the interface zone are analyzed, including the coordination number and the material fabric. Shear at the interface creates an anisotropic material fabric and leads to the rotation of the major principal stress.  相似文献   

海州湾及邻近海域口虾蛄栖息地适宜性建模的环境变量优化     

张云雷  于华明  于海庆  徐宾铎  张崇良  任一平  薛莹  许莉莉 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(6):36-47

Habitat suitability index(HSI) models have been widely used to analyze the relationship between species abundance and environmental factors, and ultimately inform management of marine species. The response of species abundance to each environmental variable is different and habitat requirements may change over life history stages and seasons. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the optimal combination of environmental variables in HSI modelling. In this study, generalized additive models(GAMs) were used to determine which environmental variables to be included in the HSI models. Significant variables were retained and weighted in the HSI model according to their relative contribution(%) to the total deviation explained by the boosted regression tree(BRT). The HSI models were applied to evaluate the habitat suitability of mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria in the Haizhou Bay and adjacent areas in 2011 and 2013–2017. Ontogenetic and seasonal variations in HSI models of mantis shrimp were also examined. Among the four models(non-optimized model, BRT informed HSI model,GAM informed HSI model, and both BRT and GAM informed HSI model), both BRT and GAM informed HSI model showed the best performance. Four environmental variables(bottom temperature, depth, distance offshore and sediment type) were selected in the HSI models for four groups(spring-juvenile, spring-adult, falljuvenile and fall-adult) of mantis shrimp. The distribution of habitat suitability showed similar patterns between juveniles and adults, but obvious seasonal variations were observed. This study suggests that the process of optimizing environmental variables in HSI models improves the performance of HSI models, and this optimization strategy could be extended to other marine organisms to enhance the understanding of the habitat suitability of target species.  相似文献   

官厅水库国家湿地公园维管植物多样性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曹子祯  柴硕  孙浩  吴渊  刘亚东  王圣杰  吕姝皇  胡东  洪剑明 《湿地科学》2020,18(1):101-109

2018年3月至2019年3月期间,在官厅水库国家湿地公园内,进行了野外植物调查,研究了维管植物的物种多样性、重要值和植物区系。研究结果显示,在官厅水库国家湿地公园内,共有维管植物318种,隶属61科191属;植物区系以温带成分为主;其中,绶草(Spiranthes sinensis)和野大豆(Glycine soja)为《中国国家重点保护野生植物名录》中的国家二级保护植物,黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis)、宽叶香蒲(Typha latifolia)、黑三棱(Sparganium stoloniferum)和眼子菜(Potamogeton distinctus)为《河北省重点保护野生植物名录》中的河北省重点保护植物。在官厅水库国家湿地公园内的5处调查样地中,官厅水库西北岸浅水河漫滩-沼泽中植物群落的优势度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数都相对最高。  相似文献   

3.7 Ma以来西菲律宾海XT-4孔沉积物元素特征及其古环境指示意义     

王晨  徐方建  胡邦琦  徐磊  丁雪  王飞飞  黄威  郭建卫 《海洋科学》2020,44(8):205-214

对西菲律宾海盆南部XT-4孔柱状沉积物进行了元素地球化学分析，利用常量元素上地壳标准化图解和R型因子分析方法进行了物源探究，利用因子分析得出的陆源因子得分变化探讨了物源区的古环境演化。结果表明：XT-4常微量元素垂向上变化主要受控于亚洲内陆的风尘物质和周边火山物质的输入，海洋自生物质也有一定的贡献。以TiO₂和K₂O等元素为代表的陆源因子得分自3.7 Ma BP以来表现出阶段性上升的变化趋势，与中国黄土和北太平洋ODP 885/886站沉积物记录的东亚冬季风演化记录有着良好的对比性，同时与青藏高原主要的阶段性隆升时间相对应，响应了晚新生代以来青藏高原隆升对东亚冬季风加强的作用。本研究丰富了西菲律宾海盆的风尘沉积研究，为后续研究提供一定的认识基础。  相似文献   

金在洋脊超镁铁质与镁铁质热液系统中的差异性聚集     

黄威  陶春辉  廖时理  路晶芳  崔汝勇  丁雪 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2020,40(1):126-135

洋脊是地球上规模最大的山脉体系,主要由超镁铁质和镁铁质岩所组成,因构造和岩浆作用,这两类岩层分别孕育了超镁铁质和镁铁质含金热液系统。金首先通过水岩反应从洋脊源区岩层内迁移出来,再经历运移堆积作用汇聚到硫化物堆积体内,最后遭受后期蚀变活化迁移改造。以上过程构成了金在这两类热液系统中的完整演化历程。超镁铁质热液系统内的金在汇源端员间的比值远高于镁铁质热液系统。这种差异性聚集暗示了这两类热液系统分别演化出了独具特色的载金属性特征及富集迁移机制。相比于镁铁质热液系统,超镁铁质热液系统内围岩普遍具有的高金含量和高孔高渗特征、热液流体中溶解态非生物有机质和气态物质含量高、硫化物堆积体所处区域裂隙发育及构造稳定等因素,都是造成两者之间存在显著差异性聚集过程的主要原因。持续性地对洋脊热液系统各深部结构体进行更多更精细有关金的丰度、赋存状态及演化变迁的测试分析及模拟研究工作,是未来量化揭示金在不同类型热液系统内的物源贡献及各演化阶段中富集亏损的关键,也将为未来人工海底干预富集成矿工程累积信息。  相似文献   

基于植被盖度和高度的不同退化程度高寒草地地上生物量估算   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赖炽敏  赖日文  薛娴  李成阳  尤全刚  黄翠华  彭飞 《中国沙漠》2019,39(5):127-134

由于气候变化和不合理的人类活动，20世纪80年代以来青藏高原高寒草地发生严重退化。地上生物量是评价草地退化的直观指标。通常采用植被盖度和高度来估算草地地上生物量，但草地退化后，植被盖度和高度与地上生物量之间的关系是否会发生变化目前还不清楚，这影响着退化草地生物量估算的精度。通过多元回归分析研究了青藏高原中部和东北部高寒草甸、高寒草原在不同退化程度下植被盖度和高度与地上生物量的关系。结果表明：（1）高寒草甸与高寒草原地上生物量整体上及不同退化阶段都没有显著差异（P>0.05）。（2）随着退化程度的加剧植被盖度和高度对地上生物量的影响也发生改变，体现在未退化阶段地上生物量主要受植被高度影响，退化后主要受植被盖度影响。（3）无论是高寒草甸还是高寒草原分退化程度的回归模型估算结果都较不分退化程度模型估算的生物量更接近实测值。我们建议在退化高寒草地研究中采用盖度和高度估算生物量时，根据退化阶段采用不同的估算模型。  相似文献