A new framework for isolating individual feedback processes in coupled general circulation climate models. Part I: formulation   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Jianhua Lu  Ming Cai 《Climate Dynamics》2009,32(6):873-885

This paper proposes a coupled atmosphere–surface climate feedback–response analysis method (CFRAM) as a new framework for estimating climate feedbacks in coupled general circulation models with a full set of physical parameterization packages. The formulation of the CFRAM is based on the energy balance in an atmosphere–surface column. In the CFRAM, the isolation of partial temperature changes due to an external forcing or an individual feedback is achieved by solving the linearized infrared radiation transfer model subject to individual energy flux perturbations (external or due to feedbacks). The partial temperature changes are addable and their sum is equal to the (total) temperature change (in the linear sense). The decomposition of feedbacks is based on the thermodynamic and dynamical processes that directly affect individual energy flux terms. Therefore, not only those feedbacks that directly affect the TOA radiative fluxes, such as water vapor, clouds, and ice-albedo feedbacks, but also those feedbacks that do not directly affect the TOA radiation, such as evaporation, convections, and convergence of horizontal sensible and latent heat fluxes, are explicitly included in the CFRAM. In the CFRAM, the feedback gain matrices measure the strength of individual feedbacks. The feedback gain matrices can be estimated from the energy flux perturbations inferred from individual parameterization packages and dynamical modules. The inter-model spread of a feedback gain matrix would help us to detect the origins of the uncertainty of future climate projections in climate model simulations.  相似文献   

基于观测、模拟和同化数据的PM2.5污染回顾分析     

黄思  唐晓  王自发  陈焕盛  刘冰  朱江 《气候与环境研究》2016,21(6):700-710

基于观测数据空间插值、数值模拟以及最优插值同化方法构建了京津冀地区PM2.5(空气动力学当量直径小于等于2.5μm的颗粒物,即细颗粒物)空间插值数据、模拟数据和同化数据,并首次比较分析了三种数据在PM2.5污染回顾分析上的应用潜力和优缺点。针对2014年2月19~28日京津冀地区PM2.5污染过程的分析发现:(1)观测空间插值数据难以完整表征PM2.5污染的时空演变特征,在没有观测覆盖区域误差较大,容易出现虚假的高低值中心;(2)模拟数据具有较高时空分辨率,对PM2.5污染时空演变特征描述更加细致,但在这次污染过程中仍存在较大不确定性,其均方根误差大于100μg/m3;(3)同化数据不仅能对PM2.5空间分布特征进行细致描述,其数据精度在独立验证站点也显著高于模拟数据,其均方根误差比模拟数据低约50%,与站点观测数据的相关系数也比模拟数据高0.2以上。基于PM2.5同化数据,对这次京津冀PM2.5污染过程的时空演变特征进行了详细回顾分析,发现这次污染过程存在自京津冀南部PM2.5污染累积并向北输送发展的生成特点,消亡过程为风向转换下自北向南清除,造成京津冀南部城市先污染后清除,北部城市后污染先清除,并且有慢累积、快清除的特征。从发展演变过程中污染所占空间面积来看,25日PM2.5污染范围最大,覆盖模式第三区域60.5%面积。  相似文献   

近一百年中国东部区域降水的年代际跃变   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

吕俊梅  琚建华  江剑民 《大气科学》2009,33(3):524-536

采用均生函数方法对1900～1950年中国东部测站降水资料进行补插, 通过与英国Climate Research Unit (CRU) 的网格点降水资料以及王绍武等 (2000) 重建的降水资料的对比分析, 构造1900～2006年中国东部华北、 长江中下游和华南地区的月平均降水指数序列, 并用一阶矩突变扫描式t检验对这三个区域降水的多时间尺度跃变特征进行分析。结果表明, 最近一百多年来长江中下游降水发生了5次年代际尺度的跃变, 华北以及华南的降水均发生了4次年代际尺度的跃变。各区降水同时在20世纪20年代初期、 40年代中期、 60年代中期以及70年代中期发生跃变。具体而言, 20年代初期长江中下游和华南的降水发生年代际减少, 而此时华北降水年代际增加; 40年代中期, 三个地区的降水都同时增加; 60年代中期, 华北降水减少, 相反地长江中下游和华南的降水发生年代际增加; 70年代中期, 华南和华北地区的降水出现年代际减少, 而长江中下游地区的降水在80年代初发生年代际增加。研究还表明, 降水跃变发生的时间尺度范围可以为我们预测跃变发生以后降水气候平均态的持续时间提供参考。  相似文献   

河南省焦作市持续冰雪低温天气气候特征及其预报     

牛广山  司福意  李艳红 《山西气象》2009,(3):15-17

本文采用焦作市建站50年来的气象资料,统计分析了焦作持续冰雪低温天气过程的气象要素及气候变化特征。利用NCEP再分析资料计算出了焦作建站50年以来的8次10d以上持续冰雪低温天气过程的500hPa平均位势高度和距平场,总结出发生低温冰冻灾害的大气环流分布特征;通过分析500hPa侯平均场大气长波、超长波演变,发现“拉尼娜”事件下必须高度关注低温雨雪冰冻过程的预测。  相似文献   

Seasonal variations of number size distributions and mass concentrations of atmospheric particles in Beijing   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

YU Jianhu  Benjamin GUINOT  YU Tong  WANG Xin  LIU Wenqing 《大气科学进展》2005,22(3):401-407

Particle number and mass concentrations were measured in Beijing during the winter and summer periods in 2003, together with some other parameters including black carbon (BC) and meteorological conditions. Particle mass concentrations exhibited low seasonality, and the ratio of PM2.5/PM10 in winter was higher than that in summer. Particle number size distribution (PSD) was characterized by four modes and exhibited low seasonality. BC was well correlated with the number and mass concentrations of accumulation and coarse particles, indicating these size particles are related to anthropogenic activities.Particle mass and number concentrations (except ultra-fine and nucleation particles) followed well the trends of 13C concentration for the majority of the day, indicating that most particles were associated with primary emissions. The diurnal number distributions of accumulation and coarse mode particles were characterized by two peaks.  相似文献   

毛乌素沙地现代沙丘沙的粒度特征及其意义   总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0  

舒培仙  牛东风  李保生  温小浩  司月君  郭亿华  胡观冠 《中国沙漠》2016,36(1):158-166

对毛乌素沙地不同类型41个现代沙丘的沙粒度分析结果表明,流动沙丘沙主要由细沙和中沙组成,平均粒径为2.17 Φ;固定-半固定沙丘沙的主要粒级是细沙和极细沙,平均粒径为3.09 Φ。流动沙丘沙平均粒径整体自西北到东南减小,而分选性总体表现为中等-较好,无明显空间变化规律。概率累计曲线和粒度特征参数散点图表明,毛乌素沙地沙丘沙以跃移搬运方式为主,存在着就地起沙和就地堆积的可能。平均粒径和分选性空间变化规律的差异,是在频繁强烈的风沙活动环境下物源和大气环流共同作用的结果。  相似文献   

桂林丫吉岩溶区土壤有机碳和pH值与钙形态分布的关系初探   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

杨慧  陈家瑞  梁建宏  曹建华 《地质论评》2017,63(4):1117-1126

钙是岩溶环境的主要构成元素,是决定岩溶生态系统的结构和功能的关键要素之一。为研究岩溶区土壤有机碳和p H值与钙形态分布的关系,在桂林丫吉岩溶试验场以3个月为周期共2年的时间采集自然植被土壤,利用BCR方法对钙形态进行了研究,结果表明:(1)岩溶区各形态钙中以酸溶态钙含量最多,占土壤全钙的61.63%,表明岩溶区石灰土中钙活跃的迁移状态和生物作用,钙在石灰土中具有较高的活度。并且各形态钙的大小顺序为酸溶态可还原态残渣态可氧化态;(2)除可氧化态钙与土壤有机碳的相关性不显著外,各形态的钙与土壤有机碳之间均呈极显著正相关的关系(P0.01);与土壤有机碳类似,除可氧化态钙与p H值呈不显著的负相关关系外,其余土壤钙形态与p H值均呈极显著正相关关系(P0.01)。(3)利用冗余分析可以对各形态钙与有机碳和p H值的关系大小进行排序,各形态钙与有机碳和p H的关系大小顺序均为:可还原态钙酸溶态钙残渣态钙可氧化态钙。研究结果有助于更清晰的了解钙在岩溶生态系统中的分布和运动特征,为深入理解岩溶区钙循环提供基础数据。  相似文献   

2014年春季黑潮与邻近海域甲藻组成及其对水团的指示作用     

岑竞仪  欧林坚  李思  张华  王建艳  吕颂辉 《海洋与湖沼》2017,48(5):1022-1029

我国东部海域受近岸流、台湾暖流和黑潮的影响,不同水团间环境因子差异较大,甲藻作为初级生产者主要受环境影响,研究分析不同水团浮游甲藻群落组成及分布情况具有重要的生态意义。2014年5-6月,本研究对台湾以东黑潮主流径及东海200m等深线内陆架区进行采样调查,分析测站浮游甲藻的群落结构组成。研究结果表明,网采样品共鉴定出浮游甲藻17属81种,甲藻丰度范围为（0.45-1207.86）×10³cell/m³。根据聚类分析结果,将海区浮游甲藻划分为3个群落类型,分别为受沿岸水团影响的群落Ⅰ、受台湾暖流水团影响的群落Ⅱ和黑潮水团影响的群落Ⅲ。不同水团间甲藻群落结构具有一定差异性,其中甲藻丰度变化趋势为沿岸水团 > 台湾暖流水团 > 黑潮水团,沿岸水团甲藻主要以广温广盐种为主,台湾暖流水团甲藻以广温高盐种为主,黑潮水团甲藻以高温高盐种为主。  相似文献   

Deposition of duststorm particles during 2000–2012 in the South Yellow Sea,China based on satellite data     

杨顶田  尹小青  邹庆欣  高建华  单秀娟 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(4):46-53

In this study,about 220 satellite images between 2000 and 2012 were obtained from FY-series,MODIS,CBERS,HJ-1A and HJ-1B to estimate the impact of duststorms on the South Yellow Sea(SYS),which serve as an important source of particles there.The analyzing results from the images support a total occurrence of 88 duststorms(including the locally-generated dusty weather) that affected the SYS during 2000–2012.The annual occurrence was about 4–10 times(10 times in 2000 and 2004;four times in 2009 and 2012),predominantly in March(29%),April(33%) and May(22%).By mapping the distribution of their frequency,the duststorms influencing the SYS were found primarily moving from the northwest(39 times,44.3%) and west(37 times,42%) to the study region with only 11 duststorms(12.5%) coming from the north and 1 duststorm(1%) from the southwest.We estimated that an annual amount of 0.5–3.5 million tons of sediment particles was brought to the SYS by the duststorms during 2000–2012.  相似文献   

Vertical impedance of tapered piles considering the vertical reaction of surrounding soil and construction disturbance     

Liu Gao  Si Xiao  Juntao Wu  Ning Wang 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2017,35(8):1068-1076

The pile–soil system is divided into layers of sufficient number such that the shear stiffness at the pile–soil interface can be determined based on the complex stiffness transfer method. The vertical reaction of surrounding soil on the annular projections at the interface of adjacent pile segments is simplified using Voigt model, whose spring and damping coefficients are derived afterward, allowing an amended impedance function transfer method to be proposed. Using the amended impedance function transfer method, the dynamic equilibrium equation of the pile is solved to give an analytical solution for the impedance function at the pile top. By comparing the solution proposed in this paper with other solutions, the superiority of the bearing capacity of a tapered pile is further confirmed. A parameter study is then conducted to give insight into the coupled interaction of the vertical reaction of the surrounding soil with construction disturbance in the low-frequency range concerned in the seismic design of the pile foundations.  相似文献