Some consequences of compressional tectonics for extensional models of basin subsidence     

Henk Kooi  Sierd Cloetingh 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1989,78(1):183-195

Changes in intraplate stress levels have important consequences for the stratigraphy of rifted basins and provide a tectonic explanation for the generation of sequence boundaries. Late-stage compressional phases during the post-rift evolution of basins produce unconformities, with offlap phases that increase in magnitude with the age of the rifted basin. Late-stage compression has not only a strong bearing on the generation of unconformities, but also induces significant downbending of the centre of a basin. Ignorance of the vertical motions of the lithosphere induced by late-stage compression during post-rift evolution can, therefore, give rise to substantial errors in the estimates of crustal extension derived from analysis of basement subsidence using stretching models. Consequently, late-stage compression can be of great significance in estimates of depth and timing of the hydrocarbon-window inferred from extensional models of basin subsidence. Quantification of the subsidence induced by post-rift compression has important implications for integrated models of basin subsidence and hydrocarbon generation.

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Zusammenfassung Unterschiede in platteninternen Streß-Niveaus haben entscheidende Auswirkungen für die Stratigraphie von Rift-Becken und liefern eine tektonische Erklärung für die Erzeugung von Sequenzgrenzen. Späte kompressive Phasen während der post-Rift-Entwicklung von Becken erzeugen Umkonformitäten mit offlap-Phasen, deren Ausmaß mit dem Alter des Rift-Beckens steigt. Entscheidende Fehlerquellen in der Abschätzung der Krustendehnung können darauf basieren, daß die durch späte Kompression während der post-Rift-Entwicklung ausgelösten Vertikalbewegungen der Lithosphäre ignoriert werden. Das Ausmaß der Krustendehnung wird durch Analysen der Basement-Subsidenz mit Hilfe von Dehnungsmodellen entwickelt. Die Quantifizierung der Subsidenz, die von der post-Rift-Kompression gesteuert wird, hat also wichtige Bedeutungen für Extensionsmodelle von Beckensubsidenz.

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Résumé Les changements dans la distribution des contraintes à l'intérieur des plaques ont des répercussions importantes sur la stratigraphie dans les bassins de rift et fournissent une explication tectonique de la limitation latérale des séries. Des épisodes compressifs tardifs, qui marquent l'évolution postrift des bassins, sont à l'origine de lacunes dans lesquelles l'importance des phases régressives augmente avec l'áge du bassin. Les mouvements verticaux de la lithosphère induits par ces épisodes tardifs de compression n'étant pas connus, il peut en résulter des erreurs non négligeables dans l'estimation de l'allongement crustal, telle qu'elle est déduite de la valeur de la subsidence du socle dans des modèles d'extension. Dans ces conditions, l'évaluation quantitative de la subsidence produite par les compressions post-rift doit être prise en considération dans l'élaboration des modèles qui rendent compte de la subsidence des bassins par les processus d'extension.

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Crustal structure of the eastern Mediterranean inferred from Rayleigh wave dispersion     

Sierd Cloetingh  Guust Nolet  Rinus Wortel 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1980,51(2):336-342

Rayleigh wave group velocity data from paths crossing the Levantine Sea are presented. We have derived a suite of models for the crustal structure of the Levantine Sea for extreme values of data errors and of the data corrections which were applied in order to account for lateral heterogeneity.We conclude that models with a crustal thickness less than 30 km are not consistent with the data. Our preferred models are characterized by a crustal thickness of 35–40 km. These results and the presence of an extremely thick sedimentary sequence point to a passive continental margin type of structure underlying the Levantine Sea. Additional data from the path Sicily-Jerusalem suggest that this type of structure is representative of the whole of the eastern Mediterranean (Levantine Sea and Ionian Sea).  相似文献   

Gravitational potential stresses and stress field of passive continental margins: Insights from the south-Norway shelf     

Christophe Pascal  Sierd A.P.L. Cloetingh 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2009,277(3-4):464-473

It is commonly assumed that the stress state at passive margins is mainly dominated by ridge push and that other stress sources have only a limited temporal and/or spatial influence. We show, by means of numerical modelling, that observed variations in lithosphere structure and elevation from a margin towards continental interiors may also produce significant gravitational potential stresses competing with those induced by ridge push forces. We test this hypothesis on an actual case where abundant geological and geophysical datasets are available, the shelf of southern Norway and adjacent southern Norwegian mountains (or Southern Scandes). The modelling results are consistent with the main features of three key-observables: (1) undulations of the truncated geoid (reflecting variations in gravitational potential energy in the lithosphere), (2) significant stress rotations both offshore and onshore and (3) the seismicity pattern of southern Norway. The contribution of the Southern Scandes to the regional stress pattern appears to be far more significant than previously anticipated. In addition, the modelling provides a physical explanation for the enigmatic seismicity of southern Norway. Gravitational potential stresses arising from variations in the lithospheric structure between a passive margin and its continental borderlands, can exert a significant control on the dynamic evolution of the margin in concert with ridge push.  相似文献   

Erratum to: Sedimentary Basins of the East Siberian Sea and the Chukchi Sea and the Adjacent Area of the Amerasia Basin: Seismic Stratigraphy and Stages of Geological History     

Nikishin  A. M.  Startseva  K. F.  Verzhbitsky  V. E.  Cloetingh  S.  Malyshev  N. A.  Petrov  E. I.  Posamentier  H.  Freiman  S. I.  Lineva  M. D.  Zhukov  N. N. 《Geotectonics》2020,54(1):146-146

Geotectonics - erratum  相似文献   

Probabilistic tectonic heat flow modeling for basin maturation: Assessment method and applications     

J.D. Van Wees  F. van Bergen  P. David  M. Nepveu  F. Beekman  S. Cloetingh  D. Bonté 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2009

Tectonic modeling is often neglected in the basin modeling workflow and heat flow is most times considered a user input. Such heat flows can, therefore, result in erroneous basin modeling outcomes, resulting in false overoptimistic identification of prospective areas or failure to identify prospects. This is particularly true for areas with limited data control such as frontier basin areas, or deep unexplored plays in mature basins.  相似文献   

Non‐uniform splitting of a single mantle plume by double cratonic roots: Insight into the origin of the central and southern East African Rift System          下载免费PDF全文

Alexander Koptev  Sierd Cloetingh  Taras Gerya  Eric Calais  Sylvie Leroy 《地学学报》2018,30(2):125-134

Using numerical thermo‐mechanical experiments we analyse the role of an active mantle plume and pre‐existing lithospheric thickness differences in the structural development of the central and southern East African Rift system. The plume‐lithosphere interaction model setup captures the essential features of the studied area: two cratonic bodies embedded into surrounding lithosphere of normal thickness. The results of the numerical experiments suggest that localization of rift branches in the crust is mainly defined by the initial position of the mantle plume relative to the cratons. We demonstrate that development of the Eastern branch, the Western branch and the Malawi rift can be the result of non‐uniform splitting of the Kenyan plume, which has been rising underneath the southern part of the Tanzanian craton. Major features associated with Cenozoic rifting can thus be reproduced in a relatively simple model of the interaction between a single mantle plume and pre‐stressed continental lithosphere with double cratonic roots.  相似文献   

Numerical modelling of Quaternary terrace staircase formation in the Ebro foreland basin,southern Pyrenees,NE Iberia          下载免费PDF全文

Kurt Martin Stange  Ronald T. Van Balen  Daniel Garcia‐Castellanos  Sierd Cloetingh 《Basin Research》2016,28(1):124-146

The southern foreland basin of the Pyrenees (Ebro basin) is an exorheic drainage basin since Late Miocene times. Remnants of an early exorheic Ebro drainage system are not preserved, but morphology provides evidence for the Pliocene–Quaternary drainage development. The incision history of the Ebro system is denoted by (i) extensive, low gradient pedimentation surfaces which are associated with the denudation of the southern Pyrenean piedmont around the Pliocene–Quaternary transition and (ii) deeply entrenched Quaternary river valleys. Presumably since the Middle Pleistocene fluvial incision intensified involving the formation of extensive terrace staircase in the Ebro basin. Terrace exposure dating in major Ebro tributary rivers indicates climate‐triggered terrace formation in response to glacial–interglacial climate and glacier fluctuations in the Pyrenean headwaters. The overall (semi)parallel longitudinal terrace profiles argue for progressive base level lowering for the whole Ebro drainage network. The landscape evolution model, TISC, is used to evaluate climatic, tectonic and base level scenarios for terrace staircase formation in the Ebro drainage system. Model simulations are compared with morpho‐climatic, tectonic and chronologic data. Results show that climatic fluctuations cause terrace formation, but the incision magnitudes and convergent terrace profiles predicted by this climate model scenario are not consistent with the (semi)parallel terraces in the Ebro basin. A model including previous (late Pliocene) uplift of the lower Ebro basin results in rapid base‐level lowering and erosion along the drainage network, small late stage incision magnitudes and terrace convergence, which are not in agreement with observations. Instead, continuous Quaternary uplift of both the Pyrenees and the Ebro foreland basin triggers (semi)parallel terrace staircase formation in southern Pyrenean tributary rivers in consistency with the observed longitudinal terrace profiles and Middle–Late Pleistocene incision magnitudes. Forward model simulations indicate that the present Ebro drainage system is actively incising, providing further evidence for uplift.  相似文献   

Giant Quasi-Ring Mantle Structure in the African–Arabian Junction: Results Derived from the Geological–Geophysical Data Integration     

Eppelbaum  L. V.  Ben-Avraham  Z.  Katz  Yu. I.  Cloetingh  S.  Kaban  M. K. 《Geotectonics》2021,55(1):58-82

Geotectonics - The tectonic–geodynamic characteristics of the North African–Arabian region are complicated by the interaction of numerous factors. To study this interaction, we...  相似文献   

Characteristics of collisional orogens with low topographic build‐up: an example from the Carpathians     

Liviu Matenco  Csaba Krézsek  Sandra Merten  Stefan Schmid  Sierd Cloetingh  Paul Andriessen 《地学学报》2010,22(3):155-165

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Numerical simulation of rifting in the northern Viking Graben: the mutual effect of modelling parameters     

W. Fjeldskaar  M. ter Voorde  H. Johansen  P. Christiansson  J. I. Faleide  S. A. P. L. Cloetingh 《Tectonophysics》2004,382(3-4):189-212

Numerous basin modelling studies have been performed on the Viking Graben in the northern North Sea during the past decades in order to understand the driving mechanisms for basin evolution and palaeo temperature estimations. In such modelling, it is important to include lithospheric flexure. The values derived for the lithospheric strength by these studies vary considerably (i.e. up to a factor of 30). In this study, which is based on new interpretation of a regional transect, we show that both the estimated value of the effective elastic thickness and the derived β-profile are dependent on the assumed value of the depth of necking. The use of models that implicitly set the level of necking at a depth of 0 km generally leads to an underestimation of the lithospheric strength, and an overestimation of the thinning factors. In the northern Viking Graben, a necking depth at intermediate crustal levels gives results comparable to the observations. Extension by faulting is modelled to be a significant factor. In conclusion, rifting in the northern Viking Graben can be explained with various models of effective elastic thicknesses (EET) varying from 1 km for a zero necking depth to the depth of the 450 °C isotherm for an intermediate level of necking.It is also shown that the development of the basin during the post-rift phase cannot be explained by pure shear/simple shear extension. Two mechanisms are proposed here to explain the post-rift subsidence pattern, namely intra-plate stress and phase boundary migration. The two extreme models for EET mentioned above (1 km for a zero necking depth to the depth of the 450 °C isotherm for an intermediate level of necking) give very different responses to compressional stress, the latter gives basically no response for realistic intra-plate stress.  相似文献