Molecular and biochemical biomarkers responses in the mussel Mytilus edulis collected from Southern Brazil coast     

Rola RC  Monteiro Mda C  Reis SR  Sandrini JZ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(4):766-771

Marine ecosystems are typically subjected to a variety of stressors containing complex xenobiotics mixtures. This study aims to evaluate the responses of molecular and biochemical biomarkers in the mussel Mytilus edulis providing data for environmental monitoring programs development in Southern Brazil. Mussels were collected at a polluted site, near Patos Lagoon outfall, and at a control site. Gills, muscle and mantle samples were used for biomarker determinations. Mussels collected at the polluted site significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities and decreased catalase (CAT) activity. Moreover, an increase in sod1, gstπ and hsp70 mRNA expression was observed. Overall, biochemical and molecular biomarkers responses were observed, but these responses varied depending on the analyzed tissue. These results indicate possible contaminants effects on organisms and the need for effective environmental monitoring programs in this ecosystem.  相似文献   

Hydrology needed to manage droughts: the 2015 European case   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Henny A.J. Van Lanen  Gregor Laaha  Daniel G. Kingston  Tobias Gauster  Monica Ionita  Jean‐Philippe Vidal  Radek Vlnas  Lena M. Tallaksen  Kerstin Stahl  Jamie Hannaford  Claire Delus  Miriam Fendekova  Luis Mediero  Christel Prudhomme  Ekaterina Rets  Renata J. Romanowicz  Sébastien Gailliez  Wai Kwok Wong  Mary‐Jeanne Adler  Veit Blauhut  Laurie Caillouet  Silvia Chelcea  Natalia Frolova  Lukas Gudmundsson  Martin Hanel  Klaus Haslinger  Maria Kireeva  Marzena Osuch  Eric Sauquet  James H. Stagge  Anne F. Van Loon 《水文研究》2016,30(17):3097-3104

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Analysis of historical landslide time series in the Emilia‐Romagna region,northern Italy     

Mauro Rossi  Annette Witt  Fausto Guzzetti  Bruce D. Malamud  Silvia Peruccacci 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2010,35(10):1123-1137

A catalogue of historical landslides, 1951–2002, for three provinces in the Emilia‐Romagna region of northern Italy is presented and its statistical properties studied. The catalogue consists of 2255 reported landslides and is based on historical archives and chronicles. We use two measures for the intensity of landsliding over time: (i) the number of reported landslides in a day (D_L) and (ii) the number of reported landslides in an event (S_event), where an event is one or more consecutive days with landsliding. From 1951–2002 in our study area there were 1057 days with 1 ≤ D_L ≤?45 landslides per day, and 596 events with 1 ≤ S_event ≤ 129 landslides per event. In the first set of analyses, we find that the probability density of landslide intensities in the time series are power‐law distributed over at least two‐orders of magnitude, with exponent of about ?2·0. Although our data is a proxy for landsliding built from newspaper reports, it is the first tentative evidence that the frequency‐size of triggered landslide events over time (not just the landslides in a given triggered event), like earthquakes, scale as a power‐law or other heavy‐tailed distributions. If confirmed, this could have important implications for risk assessment and erosion modelling in a given area. In our second set of analyses, we find that for short antecedent rainfall periods, the minimum amount of rainfall necessary to trigger landslides varies considerably with the intensity of the landsliding (D_L and S_event); whereas for long antecedent periods the magnitude is largely independent of the cumulative amount of rainfall, and the largest values of landslide intensity are always preceded by abundant rainfall. Further, the analysis of the rainfall trend suggests that the trigger of landslides in the study area is related to seasonal rainfall. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Development of a Matrix‐Matched Sphalerite Reference Material (MUL‐ZnS‐1) for Calibration of In Situ Trace Element Measurements by Laser Ablation‐Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Mass Spectrometry          下载免费PDF全文

Peter Onuk  Frank Melcher  Regina Mertz‐Kraus  Hans‐Eike Gäbler  Simon Goldmann 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2017,41(2):263-272

Sphalerite (ZnS) is an abundant ore mineral and an important carrier of elements such as Ge, Ga and In used in high‐technology applications. In situ measurements of trace elements in natural sphalerite samples using LA‐ICP‐MS are hampered by a lack of homogenous matrix‐matched sulfide reference materials available for calibration. The preparation of the MUL‐ZnS1 calibration material containing the trace elements V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Tl and Pb besides Zn, Fe and S is reported. Commercially available ZnS, FeS, CdS products were used as the major components, whereas the trace elements were added by doping with single‐element ICP‐MS standard solutions and natural mineral powders. The resulting powder mixture was pressed to pellets and sintered at 400 °C for 100 h using argon as an inert gas. To confirm the homogeneity of major and trace element distributions within the MUL‐ZnS1 calibration material, measurements were performed using EPMA, solution ICP‐MS, ICP‐OES and LA‐ICP‐MS. The results show that MUL‐ZnS‐1 is an appropriate material for calibrating trace element determination in sphalerite using LA‐ICP‐MS.  相似文献   

Nonpoint pollution load in river catchments with different anthropic impacts: a case study in Southern Brazil     

Marielle Medeiros de Souza  Maria do Carmo Cauduro Gastaldini  Glaucia Ghesti Pivetta 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(24):833

Diffuse or nonpoint source (NPS) pollution results in different pollutant concentrations, which depend on river catchments, land use and precipitation events and may vary along a single event. This study aimed to assess NPS pollution loads of organic matter, nutrients, bacteria and heavy metals in four river catchments associated with different types of land use in Southern Brazil. Cluster analysis was used to identify similarities between basins and main component analysis (PCA) to identify the main variables that characterize diffuse pollution in each basin. The use and occupation of the soil were determinant in the formation of the clusters. The basins with rural characteristics formed one group, whereas the basin with urban characteristic generated another group. PCA suggests that changes in the water quality of the catchments in this study can be explained by organic pollutants and farming activities. The Rancho do Amaral catchment, with 55.8% of native forest, displayed the lowest NPS pollution load for all tested parameters. The Alto da Colina catchment, with the largest urban area and largest agricultural land use (50%), showed the highest NPS for all variables in the study, even though it has the smallest area. The differences in pollutant loads can be attributed to the intense degradation processes associated with anthropic activities, such as urbanization, agricultural activity and the discharge of effluents, which are different for each catchment.  相似文献   

Reproductive seasonality of the fish fauna and limnoecology of semi-arid Brazilian reservoirs   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Sathyabama Chellappa  Regina M.X. Bueno  Thiago Chellappa  Naithirithi T. Chellappa  Vera Maria Fonseca Almeida e Val 《Limnologica》2009,39(4):325-329

The native fish fauna commonly found in the drainage basins of rivers and reservoirs of Latin America, including those of the semi-arid Northeastern Brazil, are representatives of the Neotropical region. This work reports on the reproductive ecology of five commercially important and consumable native fish species, in relation to rainfall and hydrological variables of the semi-arid reservoirs in Brazil. Pluviometric precipitation, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity of the water were registered, and maturation of fish gonads was assessed on a monthly basis. This region is characterized with short spells of rain interspersed with long dry season and rainfall seems to be the main environmental factor which modulates the timing of the spawning period of fish. Construction of reservoirs without adequate facilities for fish migration has an adverse impact on the migratory fish species which are of commercial and ecological importance to semi-arid Northeastern Brazil.  相似文献   

Polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments of selected coastal environments in northern Morocco     

Rossano Piazza  Bouchta El Moumni  Mauro Frignani  Silvia Giuliani  Roberta Zangrando 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(3):431-438

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Morphodynamics and seismostratigraphy of a deep hole at tidal channel confluence     

Silvia Susana Ginsberg  Salvador Aliotta  Guillermo O. Lizasoain   《Geomorphology》2009,104(3-4):253-261

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Monitoring forest areas from continental to territorial levels using a sample of medium spatial resolution satellite imagery     

Hugh Eva  Silvia Carboni  Frédéric Achard  Nicolas Stach  Laurent Durieux  Jean-François Faure  Danilo Mollicone 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2010,65(2):191-197

A global systematic sampling scheme has been developed by the UN FAO and the EC TREES project to estimate rates of deforestation at global or continental levels at intervals of 5 to 10 years. This global scheme can be intensified to produce results at the national level. In this paper, using surrogate observations, we compare the deforestation estimates derived from these two levels of sampling intensities (one, the global, for the Brazilian Amazon the other, national, for French Guiana) to estimates derived from the official inventories. We also report the precisions that are achieved due to sampling errors and, in the case of French Guiana, compare such precision with the official inventory precision.We extract nine sample data sets from the official wall-to-wall deforestation map derived from satellite interpretations produced for the Brazilian Amazon for the year 2002 to 2003. This global sampling scheme estimate gives 2.81 million ha of deforestation (mean from nine simulated replicates) with a standard error of 0.10 million ha. This compares with the full population estimate from the wall-to-wall interpretations of 2.73 million ha deforested, which is within one standard error of our sampling test estimate. The relative difference between the mean estimate from sampling approach and the full population estimate is 3.1%, and the standard error represents 4.0% of the full population estimate.This global sampling is then intensified to a territorial level with a case study over French Guiana to estimate deforestation between the years 1990 and 2006. For the historical reference period, 1990, Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper data were used. A coverage of SPOT-HRV imagery at 20 m × 20 m resolution acquired at the Cayenne receiving station in French Guiana was used for year 2006.Our estimates from the intensified global sampling scheme over French Guiana are compared with those produced by the national authority to report on deforestation rates under the Kyoto protocol rules for its overseas department. The latter estimates come from a sample of nearly 17,000 plots analyzed from same spatial imagery acquired between year 1990 and year 2006. This sampling scheme is derived from the traditional forest inventory methods carried out by IFN (Inventaire Forestier National). Our intensified global sampling scheme leads to an estimate of 96,650 ha deforested between 1990 and 2006, which is within the 95% confidence interval of the IFN sampling scheme, which gives an estimate of 91,722 ha, representing a relative difference from the IFN of 5.4%.These results demonstrate that the intensification of the global sampling scheme can provide forest area change estimates close to those achieved by official forest inventories (<6%), with precisions of between 4% and 7%, although we only estimate errors from sampling, not from the use of surrogate data.Such methods could be used by developing countries to demonstrate that they are fulfilling requirements for reducing emissions from deforestation in the framework of an REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation in Developing Countries) mechanism under discussion within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Monitoring systems at national levels in tropical countries can also benefit from pan-tropical and regional observations, to ensure consistency between different national monitoring systems.  相似文献   

Assessing drought in the drylands of northeast Brazil under regional warming exceeding 4 °C     

Marengo  Jose A.  Cunha  Ana Paula M. A.  Nobre  Carlos A.  Ribeiro Neto  Germano G.  Magalhaes  Antonio R.  Torres  Roger R.  Sampaio  Gilvan  Alexandre  Felipe  Alves  Lincoln M.  Cuartas  Luz A.  Deusdará  Karinne R. L.  Álvala  Regina C. S. 《Natural Hazards》2020,103(2):2589-2611

Natural Hazards - Historically, during periods of extreme drought, food security in the drylands of the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil (NEB) is under severe risk due to agricultural collapse....  相似文献