Mineral formation in cyanobacterial mats of the Barguzin basin alkaline hot springs (Baikal Rift Zone)     

E. V. Lazareva  A. V. Bryanskaya  S. M. Zhmodik  S. Z. Smirnov  O. P. Pestunova  D. D. Barkhutova  E. V. Polyakova 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2010,430(2):218-222

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Detection of radio recombination lines of hydrogen ionized by cosmic-ray protons in the cool interstellar medium     

R. L. Sorochenko  G. T. Smirnov 《Astronomy Reports》2010,54(9):776-783

The emission of hydrogen radio recombination lines from a cloud of cool interstellar matter toward the radio source Cassiopeia A has been detected. The formation of the radio recombination lines is initiated by cosmic rays. The rate of ionization of the interstellar hydrogen by cosmic-ray protons measured from the radio recombination lines using the most direct method is ζ_H = (1 ± 0.25)×10⁻¹⁶ s⁻¹. This value of ζ_H is compared with measurements obtained using other methods.  相似文献   

Experimental study of the system H3BO3–NaF–SiO2-H2O at 350–800 °C and 1–2 kbar by the method of synthetic fluid inclusions     

I.S. Peretyazhko  S.Z. Smirnov  A.R. Kotel’nikov  Z.A. Kotel’nikova 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2010,51(4):349-368

The phase state of fluid in the system H₃BO₃–NaF–SiO₂–H₂O was studied at 350–800 °C and 1–2 kbar by the method of synthetic fluid inclusions. The increase in the solubility of quartz and the high reciprocal solubility of H₃BO₃ and NaF in water fluid at high temperatures are due to the formation of complexes containing B, F, Si, and Na. At 800 °C and 2 kbar, both liquid and gas immiscible phases (viscous silicate-water-salt liquid and three water fluids with different contents of B and F) are dispersed within each other. The Raman spectra of aqueous solutions and viscous liquid show not only a peak of [B(OH)₃]⁰ but also peaks of complexes [B(OH)₄]^–, polyborates [B₄O₅(OH)₄]^2–, [B₃O₃(OH)₄]^–, and [B₅O₆(OH)₄]^–, and/or fluoroborates [B₃F₆O₃]^3–, [BF₂(OH)₂]^–, [BF₃(OH)]^–, and [BF₄]^–. The high viscosity of nonfreezing fluid is due to the polymerization of complexes of polyborates and fluorine-substituted polyborates containing Si and Na. Solutions in fluid inclusions belong to P–Q type complicated by a metastable or stable immiscibility region. Metastable fluid equilibria transform into stable ones owing to the formation of new complexes at 800 ºC and 2 kbar as a result of the interaction of quartz with B-F-containing fluid. At high concentrations of F and B in natural fluids, complexes containing B, F, Si, and alkaline metals and silicate-water-salt dispersed phases might be produced and concentrate many elements, including ore-forming ones. Their transformation into vitreous masses or viscous liquids (gels, jellies) during cooling and the subsequent crystallization of these products at low temperatures (300–400 °C) should lead to the release of fluid enriched in the above elements.  相似文献   

Land use contribution to the anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gases in Russia in 2000–2011     

A. A. Romanovskaya  V. N. Korotkov  N. S. Smirnov  R. T. Karaban’  A. A. Trunov 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2014,39(3):137-145

Presented is the assessment of the contribution that such major types of the land use in Russia as arable lands, forage lands, settlements, and peatery make to anthropogenic fluxes of carbon dioxide CO₂, methane CH₄, and nitrogen oxide N₂O, The assessment is based on the methods of computation monitoring carried out in the period from 2000 to 2011. The results of the study demonstrated that every year arable lands cause the emission of CO₂ and N₂O of about 117.0 and 74.9 million t CO₂ equiv, and peatery, 0.54 and 105.4 thousand t CO₂ equiv, respectively. The balance of soil carbon in hayfields and pastures is close to zero. The average emissions of CH₄ and N₂O from the manure of pasture animals amount to 0.2 and 5.0 million t CO₂ equiv/year, and those from grass fires, 276.1 and 372.5 thousand t CO₂ equiv/year, respectively. The carbon balance in permanent soils of settlements is also almost close to zero, and newly built-up lands are the source of CO₂ (9.5 million t/year). The natural overgrowing of fallow lands leads to the accumulation of the soil carbon (about 92.4 million t CO₂/year). It was revealed that the intensity of CO₂ emission is defined by the soil carbon balance and that of other gases, by the amount of nitrogen fertilizers, plant residues, and manure coming to the soil. The total emission from the land use is 106.9 million t CO₂ equiv/year that makes up 4.9% of the total anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gases in the Russian Federation.  相似文献   

First estimates of isotopic ages for volcanic ash from Cenozoic sequences of the northern Okhotsk region     

V. N. Smirnov  V. V. Akinin  O. Yu. Glushkova 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2014,455(2):403-407

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Space–VLBI observations of the OH maser OH 34.26+0.15: low interstellar scattering     

V. I. Slysh  M. A. Voronkov  V. Migenes  K. M. Shibata  T. Umemoto  V. I. Altunin  I. E. Val'Tts  B. Z. Kanevsky  M. V. Popov  A. V. Kovalenko  E. B. Fomalont  B. A. Poperechenko  YU. N. Gorshenkov  B. R. Carlson  S. M. Dougherty  J. E. Reynolds  D. R. Jiang  A. I. Smirnov  V. G. Grachev 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,320(2):217-223

We report on the first space–VLBI observations of the OH 34.26+0.15 maser in two main-line OH transitions at 1665 and 1667 MHz. The observations involved the space radio telescope on board the Japanese satellite HALCA and an array of ground radio telescopes. The map of the maser region and images of individual maser spots were produced with an angular resolution of 1 mas, which is several times higher than the angular resolution available on the ground. The maser spots were only partly resolved and a lower limit to the brightness temperature     was obtained. The maser seems to be located in the direction of low interstellar scattering, an order of magnitude lower than the scattering of a nearby extragalactic source and pulsar.  相似文献   

Erratum to: Seasonal Variations in the b-Value of the Reservoir-Triggered Seismicity in the Koyna–Warna Region,Western India     

Smirnov  V. B.  Potanina  M. G.  Kartseva  T. I.  Ponomarev  A. V.  Patonin  A. V.  Mikhailov  V. O.  Sergeev  D. S. 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2022,58(4):603-603

Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth - An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351322090014  相似文献   

Studying an interaction between tropical cyclones and jet streams using the numerical simulation data     

A. E. Pokhil  E. S. Glebova  A. V. Smirnov 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2013,38(3):141-149

Discussed are the results of studying an evolution of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the Pacific Ocean using the data of computation of ETA and WRF NMM mesoscale numerical atmospheric models. Computed are the trajectories of TCs and the fields of meteorological variables in the typhoons, of the wind speed and kinetic energy in the subtropical jet stream during the development of Parma, Melor, and Lupit typhoons. Carried out are the analysis and comparison of computed fields of pressure, wind, kinetic energy, and trajectories of TCs obtained using these models and their comparison with the actual fields. It is demonstrated that both models computed rather well the complex trajectories and the fields of wind and kinetic energy varying in the course of the interaction. Proposed is an explanation of processes taking place during the interaction between the vortices and the subtropical jet stream and the polar front.  相似文献   

Verification of mesoscale forecasts in the 2014 Olympic Games region for the first test period. Part I: Verification techniques and polygonal quality assessments of the COSMO model forecasts     

A. V. Murav’ev  A. Yu. Bundel’  D. B. Kiktev  D. V. Blinov  A. V. Smirnov 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2013,38(11):723-734

Described is a system of verification of mesoscale hydrodynamic forecasts for the territory of Sochi-2014 Winter Olympic Games worked out within the framework of FROST-2014 international project. A technological line comprises the observational and model output databases, the computing verification complex, and the optional program aids for aggregation and visualization of products. The METv4.0 verification complex developed in cooperation with forecasting and research centers of the USA is used as a core. The effectiveness of the verification system is demonstrated with the COSMO model products for the period of December 1, 2011–March 31, 2012. Preliminary assessments of the model potential in forecasting the surface air temperature, the velocity of the scalar wind, and the sea-level air pressure are made with the quality score aggregation over the selected polygons of verification.  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal variations of density of the particles generating the optical emission of meteor plasma     

V. A. Smirnov 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1995,68(1-3):515-522

The data of absolute spectrophotometry of meteors permit to determine number densities of particles of different elements.It is possible to solve mathematically the problem on space-time structure of the meteor with the model of a spherically symmetrical flare.The space distribution of radiating matter can be estimated by the integral equation of Abel type.Variation of density of particles in time can be found from the differential equations of kinetics.  相似文献