Excitation of PtI transitions ending at the levels of the main term     

Yu. M. Smirnov 《Astronomy Reports》2004,48(1):29-34

We have experimentally studied the excitation of transitions of the platinum atom ending in levels of the ³D main term. The atoms were excited by a 30 eV monoenergetic electron beam. The lines studied are located at wavelengths of 204–367 nm. The largest of the measured excitational cross sections exceed 10^?16 cm². The optical-excitation functions measured at electron energies of 0–200 eV have complex structures.  相似文献   

Resources of the ionized atmosphere as an aerosol source     

V.V. Smirnov  A.V. Savchenko 《Atmospheric Research》2006,82(3-4):554

The potential resources on the ion-stimulated syntheses effects of aerosol particles of lower troposphere in test sites in the arctic, mountain, arid and forest areas as the function of irradiation time and gas-precursor concentration were experimentally and theoretically evaluated. The dust-free outdoor air was irradiated with an ionization current of 10^− 6 A by α-rays from isotope ²³⁹Pu. The total output of radiolytic aerosols (RA) with a diameter of 3–1000 nm was found to be 0.05–0.1 molecules per 1 eV of absorbed radiation, while the physical upper limit is 0.25–0.4 molecules/eV. In an interval of exposition time from 6 to 800 s (adsorbed energy is 3 · 10¹²–10¹⁴ eV/cm³) the RA mass concentration at different sites was increased from 1–10 to 50–500 μg/m³. According to the liquid chromatography data the major RA material is the H₂O/HNO₃ solution with acid concentration  25%. The used physical model presents new aerosols as a product from small and intermediate ion association through formation of neutral clusters and describes adequately some of the peculiarities in field experiment data. Introducing SO₂, NH₃, and also hydrochloric, nitric and sulphuric acid vapours with concentration 0.1–1 mg/m³ in the irradiated air stimulated an increase of mass aerosol concentration by a factor of 8–30. The mean size also decreased by a factor of 3–5. These facts allowed us to expect that the chemical composition of radiolytic aerosols generated in outdoor air would noticeably differ after addition of the gas-precursors.  相似文献   

Contribution of Greenhouse Gas Radiative Forcing and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation to Surface Air Temperature Trends     

I. I. Mokhov  D. A. Smirnov 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2018,43(9):557-564

The contributions of radiative forcing of greenhouse gases (GHG) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) to the trends in global surface air temperature (GST) and surface air temperature for different latitude bands are estimated. Instrumental observational data obtained since the middle of the 19th century and three-component autoregressive models are used. Characteristics of influences of both factors on GST (Wiener–Granger causality) are obtained. The contribution of AMO over the length intervals of 15–30 years appears comparable in absolute value to the contribution of GHG and sometimes even exceeds it, while its contribution over 60-year and longer periods is insignificant. During the recent decades, GHG contribute stronger to the trends of GST and tropical surface air temperature, while their contribution to the trends in surface air temperature in the middle and high latitudes is smaller.  相似文献   

Studying Resonance Oscillations in the Eastern Part of the Posyet Bay     

S. V. Smirnov  I. O. Yaroshchuk  A. P. Leontyev  A. N. Shvyrev  A. A. Pivovarov  A. N. Samchenko 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2018,43(2):88-94

The field experiment with the installation of autonomous pressure gages in the Troitsa and Vityaz’ bays was held for studying the specific features of free surface oscillations in the Posyet Bay (the Sea of Japan). The interpretation and joint analysis of measurement data allowed obtaining the datasets of spatiotemporal parameters for free oscillations calculated using the spectral-difference model and for forced oscillations in the form of the response to the forcing with the periods of 10–50 minutes in the numerical model of shallow water with the difference approximation on the irregular triangular grid. The position of peaks on the model resonance curves and the values of frequencies of free oscillations are consistent with the position of clearly pronounced peaks of the energy spectrum from field data. This indicates the possibility of significant resonance enhancement of the amplitude of oscillations by periodic wind effects and incoming wave effects.  相似文献   

Intensity of geomagnetic field in the Precambrian and evolution of the Earth’s deep interior     

A. V. Smirnov 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2017,53(5):760-768

Reliable data on the paleointensity of the geomagnetic field can become an important source of information both about the mechanisms of generation of the field at present and in the past, and about the internal structure of the Earth, especially the structure and evolution of its core. Unfortunately, the reliability of these data remains a serious problem of paleomagnetic research because of the limitations of experimental methods, and the complexity and diversity of rocks and their magnetic carriers. This is true even for relatively “young” Phanerozoic rocks, but investigation of Precambrian rocks is associated with many additional difficulties. As a consequence, our current knowledge of paleointensity, especially in the Precambrian period, is still very limited. The data limitations do not preclude attempts to use the currently available paleointensity results to analyze the evolution and characteristics of the Earth’s internal structure, such as the age of the Earth’s solid inner core or thermal conductivity in the liquid core. However, such attempts require considerable caution in handling data. In particular, it has now been reliably established that some results on the Precambrian paleointensity overestimate the true paleofield strength. When the paleointensity overestimates are excluded from consideration, the range of the field strength changes in the Precambrian does not exceed the range of its variation in the Phanerozoic. This result calls into question recent assertions that the Earth’s inner core formed in the Mesoproterozoic, about 1.3 billion years ago, triggering a statistically significant increase in the long-term average field strength. Instead, our analysis has shown that the quantity and quality of the currently available data on the Precambrian paleointensity are insufficient to estimate the age of the solid inner core and, therefore, cannot be useful for solving the problem of the thermal conductivity of the Earth’s core. The data are consistent with very young or very “old” inner core ages and, correspondingly, with high or low values of core thermal conductivity.  相似文献   

Reservoir induced seismicity in the Koyna–Warna region,India: Overview of the recent results and hypotheses     

V. O. Mikhailov  K. Arora  A. V. Ponomarev  D. Srinagesh  V. B. Smirnov  R. K. Chadha 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2017,53(4):518-529

The state of the art in the geological and geophysical study of the region of Koyna and Warna water reservoirs is reviewed. The probable geodynamical factors of induced seismicity are discussed. The detailed geophysical surveys, satellite geodetic data, and time history of the seismicity in the region reveal a complicated pattern of the structure and recent geodynamics of the region. The existing data suggest that the induced seismicity is here most likely to be caused by the regional (intraplate) stresses driving the displacements along the orthogonal network of the faults whose strength has dropped and continues decreasing due to the reservoir impoundment and operation processes. The evolution of the seismicity which started immediately after the rapid filling of the Koyna reservoir in the region of the dam, then rapidly expanded southwards and eventually became concentrated in the region of the subsequently constructed Warna reservoir shows that seismic events can be initiated by a number of factors whose contributions may vary with time. The key ones among them include reservoir loading and its seasonal variations; water saturation of the faults which guide the propagation of the front of fracture, increased permeability, and, probably, mineral transformations (hydrolysis) under the water level fluctuations in the reservoirs; and displacement of the front of the high pore pressure down to the main source zone of the earthquakes at a depth of 6–8 km. Based on the analysis presented in the paper, we outline the directions of the future research aimed at studying the nature and dynamics of induced seismicity in the region of large water reservoirs.  相似文献   

Tropical Cyclones and Possible Winter Thunderstorms on Kamchatka     

Mikhailov  Yu. M.  Smirnov  S. E.  Mikhailova  G. A.  Kapustina  O. V. 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2020,60(5):619-635

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The influence of tropical cyclones on the thunderstorm activity on the Kamchatka peninsula for winter thunderstorms in the 2008–2018 period is studied. The...  相似文献   

Estimates of Lithospheric Failure Cycle Parameters from Regional Earthquake Catalogues     

Smirnov  V. B.  Ommi  S.  Potanina  M. G.  Mikhailov  V. O.  Petrov  A. G.  Shapiro  N. M.  Ponomarev  A. V. 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2019,55(5):701-718

Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth - Abstract—Based on the generalized frequency–magnitude relation for earthquakes, the failure cycle parameters are estimated from regional seismic...  相似文献   

Features of Winter Thunderstorms in Kamchatka     

Smirnov  S. E.  Mikhailov  Yu. M.  Mikhailova  G. A.  Kapustina  O. V. 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2019,59(6):696-703

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - Winter thunderstorms in Kamchatka are a rare meteorological phenomenon. Temporal variations of the quasi-static electric field and meteorological values at the Paratunka...  相似文献   

Error analysis of integrated water vapor measured by СIMEL photometer     

I.?A.?Berezin  Yu.?M.?Timofeyev  Ya.?A.?VirolainenEmail author  I.?S.?Frantsuzova  K.?A.?Volkova  A.?V.?Poberovsky  B.?N.?Holben  A.?Smirnov  I.?Slutsker 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2017,53(1):58-64

Water vapor plays a key role in weather and climate forming, which leads to the need for continuous monitoring of its content in different parts of the Earth. Intercomparison and validation of different methods for integrated water vapor (IWV) measurements are essential for determining the real accuracies of these methods. CIMEL photometers measure IWV at hundreds of ground-based stations of the AERONET network. We analyze simultaneous IWV measurements performed by a CIMEL photometer, an RPG-HATPRO MW radiometer, and a FTIR Bruker 125-HR spectrometer at the Peterhof station of St. Petersburg State University. We show that the CIMEL photometer calibrated by the manufacturer significantly underestimates the IWV obtained by other devices. We may conclude from this intercomparison that it is necessary to perform an additional calibration of the CIMEL photometer, as well as a possible correction of the interpretation technique for CIMEL measurements at the Peterhof site.  相似文献