Formation and properties of hydrosilicate liquids in the systems Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O and granite-Na2O-SiO2-H2O at 600°C and 1.5 kbar     

V. G. Thomas  S. Z. Smirnov  O. A. Kozmenko  V. A. Drebushchak  V. S. Kamenetsky 《Petrology》2014,22(3):293-309

In order to determine the mechanisms of formation and properties of natural hydrosilicate liquids (HSLs), which are formed during the transition from magmatic to hydrothermal mineral formation in granitic pegmatites and rare-metal granites, the formation of HSLs was experimentally studied in the Na₂O-SiO₂-H₂O, Na₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-H₂O, and Na₂O-K₂O-Li₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-H₂O systems at 600°C and 1.5 kbar. It was shown that the sequential extension of composition does not suppress HSL formation in the systems and expands the stability field of this phase. However, HSLs formed in extended chemical systems have different structure and properties: the addition of alumina induces some compression of the structure of the silicate framework of HSLs, which results in a decrease in water content in this phase and probably hinders the reversibility of its dehydration. It was demonstrated that HSL can be formed by the coagulation of silica present in a silica-oversaturated alkaline aqueous fluid. It was supposed that the HSL formed during this process has a finely dispersed structure. It was argued that anomalous enrichment in some elements in natural HSLs can be due to their sorption by the extensively developed surface of HSL at the moment of its formation.  相似文献   

MARS-3 matrix radiometric system for RATAN-600     

A. B. Berlin  Yu. N. Parijskij  N. A. Nizhelskij  M. G. Mingaliev  P. G. Tsybulev  D. V. Kratov  R. Yu. Udovitskiy  V. V. Smirnov  O. M. Pylypenko 《Astrophysical Bulletin》2012,67(3):340-352

The MARS-3 third-generation matrix radiometric system has been developed, manufactured, and is currently being used in observations within the framework of the “Cosmological Gene” program. The system is based on new hardware components and consists of 16 independent radiometers (32 horns with a step of 20 mm). Each pair of horns is connected to the input of an amplifier unit via a square-loop modulator. The parameters of each radiometer are: central frequency, 30.0 GHz; bandwidth, 5GHz; average noise temperature of the system, 250 K; and a sensitivity of about 5 mK for τ = RC = 1 s.  相似文献   

The Verkhoyansk–Chukchi area of the recent orogeny: zoning and the main formation stages     

V.N. Smirnov 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2012,53(5):467-474

The Verkhoyansk–Chukchi orogenic area formed on the vast land mass that had appeared as a result of collision in the Early Cretaceous and that had consolidated the Mesozoic protoorogenic structures in northeastern Asia. This heterostructural land mass was the basis on which spatially and structurally coupled orogens developed in the late Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The protoorogenic stages in the evolution of the Verkhoyansk–Chukchi area were followed by several large orogenic stages: Albian–Cenomanian, Eocene, and Pliocene–Quaternary. The Okhotsk–Chukchi volcanic-block and the Yana–Kolyma fold-block orogenic systems formed at stage 1. The Taui–Anadyr continental-margin rift system formed at stage 2. This shaped the structure of the Verkhoyansk–Chukchi area. The internal structure of the orogenic systems formed through the Pliocene–Quaternary (neotectonic) stage, which was dominated by uplifting throughout the Verkhoyansk–Chukchi area. The neotectonic structure was mostly inherited from the previous orogenic stages.  相似文献   

Early paleozoic gabbro-amphibolites in the structure of the Bureya Terrane (eastern part of the Central Asian Fold Belt): First geochronological data and tectonic position     

Yu. V. Smirnov  A. A. Sorokin  N. M. Kudryashov 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2012,445(1):796-801

Resulting from U-Pb geochronological study, it has been found that the gabbro-amphibolites composing the Bureya (Turan) Terrane in the eastern part of the Central Asian Fold Belt are Early Paleozoic (Early Ordovician; 455 ± 1.5 Ma) in age rather than Late Proterozoic as was believed earlier. The gabbro-amphibolites and associated metabasalts are close to tholeiites of the intraoceanic island arcs in terms of the geochemical properties. It is suggested that the tectonic block composed of these rocks was initially a seafloor fragment that divided the Bureya and Argun terranes in the Early Paleozoic and was later tectonically incorporated into the modern structure of the Bureya Terrane as a result of Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic events.  相似文献   

Assessments of the relationship of changes of the global surface air temperature with different natural and anthropogenic factors based on observations     

I. I. Mokhov  D. A. Smirnov  A. A. Karpenko 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2012,443(1):381-387

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Hydrosilicate liquids in the system Na2O-SiO2-H2O with NaF, NaCl and Ta: Evaluation of their role in ore and mineral formation at high T and P     

S. Z. Smirnov  V. G. Thomas  V. S. Kamenetsky  O. A. Kozmenko  R. R. Large 《Petrology》2012,20(3):271-285

Consideration of the existence of hydrosilicate liquids (HSL) in nature can help in understanding the accumulation and transport of some mineral- and ore-forming components at the transition from magmas to hydrothermal fluids. We studied the experimental formation of HSL using a base system Na₂O-SiO₂-H₂O with addition of NaF, NaCl and metallic Ta. The interaction between quartz and aqueous solution, performed at 1.5 kbar and 600°C and followed either by cooling or by quench, showed that the formation of HSL occurred when initial Na₂O exceeded 2 wt %. Neither NaF nor NaCl have a significant effect on the formation of HSL. The HSL concentrates F, whereas Cl partitions into the aqueous fluid. With addition of Ta to the system, the HSL becomes metal-enriched. Natural analogs of experimental HSL can be found among ??melt/fluid?? inclusions entrapped in quartz and other minerals of miaroles in granite pegmatites and raremetal granites. The HSL is a novel medium enabling extreme concentrations of lithophile ore metals at the magmatic-hydrothermal transition.  相似文献   

Upper pleistocene volcanic ash varve-like deposits in the Northern Okhotsk Region     

V. N. Smirnov  O. Yu. Glushkova 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2013,451(1):762-765

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Method for determining the geomagnetic activity index based on wavelet packets     

O. V. Mandrikova  S. E. Smirnov  I. S. Solov’ev 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2012,52(1):111-120

A method for determining quiet daily variations (Sq curve) in automatic mode and calculating the K index of geomagnetic activity based on wavelet packets has been proposed. The method makes it possible to reproduce the Bartels technique and includes the separation of geomagnetic signal informative components, determination of geomagnetic field disturbances, and the formation of quiet daily variations. The method effectiveness was proved experimentally.  相似文献   

Problem of the nature of the sunrise effect in diurnal variations in the electric field in Kamchatka: 1. Time variations in the electric field     

S. E. Smirnov  G. A. Mikhailova  O. V. Kapustina 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2012,52(4):507-512

The effect of sunrise in time variations in the electric field in the near-Earth atmosphere at the Kamchatka Paratunka observatory has been studied. Twenty-nine records under fair-weather conditions have been selected. It has been indicated that the estimated effect parameters—the times of the effect’s onset and field strength maximum relative to the sunrise time, as well as the ratio of the strength maximum to its value before sunrise and the effect duration—coincide with the previously published data. Thereby, the conclusion is confirmed that the sunrise effect in diurnal variations in the electric field in the near-Earth atmosphere is related to the turbulence and convection processes in the atmospheric boundary layer at a change in atmospheric temperature.  相似文献   

Effects of solar and geomagnetic activities in variations of power spectra of electrical and meteorological parameters in the near-Earth atmosphere in Kamchatka during October 2003 solar events     

G. A. Mikhailova  O. V. Kapustina  S. E. Smirnov 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2014,54(5):645-654

We perform spectral analysis of records of meteorological (temperature, humidity, pressure of the atmosphere) and electrical (strength of quasi-static electric field and electric conductivity of air) parameters observed simultaneously at the Paratunka observatory during the solar events of October 21–31, 2003. Also, we use simultaneous records of X-ray fluxes of solar radiation, galactic cosmic rays, and the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field. We show that the power spectra of the meteorological parameters under fine weather conditions involve oscillations with a period of thermal tidal waves (T ～ 12 and 24 h) caused by the influx of thermal radiation of the Sun. During strong solar flares and geomagnetic storm of October 29–31 with a prevailing component of T ～ 24 h, their spectra involve an additional component of T ～ 48 h (the period of planetary-scale waves). With the development of solar and geomagnetic activities, the power spectra of atmospheric electric conductivity and electric field stress involve components of both thermal tidal and planetary-scale waves, which vary highly by intensity. In the power spectra of galactic cosmic rays accompanying the strong solar flares, components with T ～ 48 h were dominant with the appearance of additional (weaker by intensity) components with T ～ 24 h. The simultaneous amplification of components with T ～ 48 h in the power spectra of electric conductivity and electric field strength provides evidence of the fact that the lower troposphere is mainly ionized by galactic cosmic rays during strong solar flares and geomagnetic storms. The specified oscillation period with T ～ 48 h in their spectra, as well as in the spectra of X-ray radiation of the sun, is apparently caused by the dynamics of solar and geomagnetic activities with this time scale.  相似文献