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951.
The Bay of Concepcion (36°40′S; 73°02′W) is a semi-enclosed and shallow embayment in which biogeochemical processes are seasonally coupled to coastal upwelling during the austral spring and summer. The nutrient cycle in the bay is complex due to the combined effects of a pronounced O2 minimum layer and high nutrient concentrations both originating from subsurface equatorial water during coastal upwelling and a rapid rate of sediment nutrient recycling. The sediments are characterized by a high content of organic matter mainly due to the extremely high rates of phytoplankton production and deposition. During the upwelling period, a black flocculent layer frequently covers the sediment–water interface in the inner part of the bay where an extensive mat of Beggiatoa spp. develops. Three approaches are used to analyse the extent to which the benthic system recycles or retains nutrients at two stations, located at the centre (station C, St. C) and mouth (station B, St. B) of the bay for a 1-year period (March 1996–1997): (1) estimation of C and N remineralization rates based on SO42− reduction measurements, (2) calculation of C and N turnover rates using a diagenetic model applied to total organic carbon and total nitrogen vertical distributions and, (3) construction of C and N budgets from direct measurements of sedimentation (from a sediment trap) and estimates of the C and N burial rates. Depth-integrated SO42− reduction rates varied between 3.4 (winter) and 25.5 (summer) mmol m−2 d−1. Estimated C and N oxidation rates ranged between 7.9 and 87.8 mol C m−2 yr−1 and between 0.9 and 6.9 mol N m−2 yr−1, respectively. Each approach yielded minor differences in the C and N remineralization rates (and also minor differences between both studied stations), except when the kinetic model was applied to C and N distribution without including the presence of the flocculent layer. The rates of carbon oxidation and sulphate reduction were considerably higher than in other coastal sediments with similar depositional regime. The C and N burial rates were 2.23 and 0.21 (St. C) and 1.30 and 0.09 (St. B) mol m−2 yr−1, respectively. The C/N ratio of the buried fraction was ca. 10.6 at St. C and 14.4 at St. B. Because the observed differences in burial rates could not be ascribed to distinctive depositional (both stations have similar sediment accumulation rates) and oceanographic (similar O2 concentration and hydrography) conditions, differences may be due to in part spatial heterogeneity in the supply of organic matter. The degree of preservation of organic matter as plankton detritus and nitrogen accumulating bacterial biomass associated with Beggiatoa spp. at St. C may also be involved. 相似文献
952.
Stanisław Kasperczuk 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1995,63(3-4):245-253
The reduced Henon-Heiles system is investigated as a Hamiltonian dynamical system obtained by applying the normalization of the HamiltonianH=1/2(p
1
2
+p
2
2
+q
1
2
+q
2
2
)+1/3q
1
3
–q
1
q
2
2
to fourth-degree terms. The related equations of motion are bi-Hamiltonian and possess the Lie-Poisson structure. Each Lie-Poisson structure possesses an associated Casimir function. When reduced to level sets of these functions, the equations of motion take various symplectic forms. The various reductions give different coordinate representations of the solutions. These coordinate representations are used to seek the simplest representation of the solutions. 相似文献
953.
Wiesław Wiśniewolski Jerzy Nabiałek 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1993,55(2):143-152
Fish survival, tag retention and tag loss were evaluated in pond experiments and described by linear regression equations. Tagging of fish had no significant influence on their survival. However, loss of tags caused strong differences between actual fish survival and the survival rate e–z estimated on recovered tags. Mathematical functions were derived to correct tag loss. Values of those functions depend upon the type of tag and time after tagging. The B-type of tagging, which approximated the Swedish Carlin method, appeared to be most effective. The rate of tag loss was independent of the fish species (common carp, tench) used in the experiments. 相似文献
954.
Starting from the analytical theory of perturbed circular motions presented in Celestial Mechanics (Bois, 1994), this paper presents an extended resolution valid also for small eccentricity orbits. The solution is of the first order of a small parameter characterizing the magnitude of disturbing forces. The solution has the form of Fourier series with the coefficients given by iterative formation laws. The solution is free from singularities due to small eccentricity or inclination. As an example of numerical application the equatorial artificial satellite orbits are analyzed. For some high satellite orbits with small eccentricity the difference between the numerical integration and the analytical model does not exceed few centimeters per one revolution.On leave from Astronomical Observatory of A. Mickiewicz University, Soneczna 36, PL60-286 Pozna, Poland. 相似文献
955.
Yu. N. Korenkov Carl W. Cable Vernon F. Cormier Vassily Levin Jacek A. Majorowicz Yehuda Bock Waclaw M. Zuberek Teng-fong Wong William L. Power Gary A. Robbins Piotr Raczka Krzysztof E. Haman Katarzyna Chałasinska-Macukow Ryszard Balcer Henryk Piwkowski 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1991,137(3):309-336
956.
Sławomir Maj 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1991,17(8):711-715
A relationship between the energy gap (E G) and the density (ρ) over mean atomic weight (〈A〉) ratio for Fe-poor oxide and silicate minerals is derived from simple properties of their free atom-components. Theoretical considerations are based on the Lorentz electron theory of solids. The eigenfrequency ν 0 of elementary electron oscillators, in energy units h ν 0, is identified with the energy gap of a solid. The numerical relation is of the form $$(\langle U_0 \rangle ^2 - E_G^2 )\frac{{\langle A\rangle }}{\rho } = \frac{4}{3}\pi \hbar ^2 \frac{{e^2 }}{m}N = 276.79 eV^2 cm^3 /mol$$ where 〈U 0〉 is the average first ionization potential (per free atom), ? is crossed Planck's constant, e is the electron charge, m is the electron rest mass, and N is Avogadro's number. For several geophysically interesting oxide and silicate minerals which are in general composed of four different elements (O, Si, Mg and Al), we obtain from laboratory data that the mean value of $$\left\langle {[\langle U_0 \rangle ^2 - (E_G^{lab} )^2 ]\frac{{\langle A\rangle }}{\rho }} \right\rangle \approx 248.2 \pm 20.9eV^2 cm^3 /mol.$$ . 相似文献
957.
Witold Szczuciński Przemysław Niedzielski Lidia Kozak Marcin Frankowski Anetta Zioła Stanisław Lorenc 《Environmental Geology》2007,53(2):253-264
Study on contamination of tsunami sediments deposited on 26 December 2004 conducted shortly after the tsunami in coastal zone
of Thailand revealed elevated contents of salts in water-soluble and some heavy metals and arsenic in bioavailable fractions
(Szczuciński et al. in Env Geol 49:321–331, 2005). Few months later rainy season started and effected in total rainfall of over 3,300 mm. This paper presents results of survey
repeated 1 year after the tsunami. To assess the effects of rainy season on mobilization of previously determined potential
contaminants, the same locations were sampled again and analysed with the same methods. The tsunami deposit layer was well
preserved but in many locations the sediments were coarser than just after tsunami due to washing out of finer fractions.
The water-soluble salts contents were strongly reduced after the rainy season. However, the concentrations of acid leachable
heavy metals and metalloids were still elevated in comparison to reference sample from an area not impacted by tsunami. It
is possible that the metals and metalloids are successively moved to more bioavailable fraction from forms which were more
resistant to mobilization. 相似文献
958.
Artur Poręba Wacław M. Zuberek Jolanta Nogaj-Chachaj Andrzej Kotyrba Sławomir Siwek 《Acta Geophysica》2007,55(4):640-651
The aim of the research was to examine subsurface soil layers with the use of the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) method. Neolithic
archaeological post in Karmanowice was examined. On the basis of earlier geophysical researches and archaeological premises,
eight measurement profiles had been chosen. Ground Penetrating Radar system with antenna of 500 MHz frequency was applied.
The measurements were made with 30 and 60 ns time windows. The results were shown as the GPR sections. The analysis of the
obtained results allowed us to outline anomalies connected with the appearance of archaeological objects in subsurface soil
layers. The border between the anthropogenically changed upper layer and undisturbed loess was established, and the sections
of slope wash layers were designated. Anomalies were confirmed by digging and test drillings. Additionally, 2D resistivity
imaging method was used for verification of specific anthropogenic anomalies. 相似文献
959.
The authors present a method for estimation of interval velocities using the downward continuation of the wavefield to perform
layer-stripping migration velocity analysis. The generalized, phase-shift migration MG(F-K) in wavenumber-frequency domain
was used for fulltime downward extrapolation of the wavefield. Such downward depth extrapolation accounts for strong changes
of velocity in lateral and vertical directions and helps in correct positioning of the wavefield image in complex structures.
Determination of velocity is the recursive process which means that the wavefield on depth level z
n−1 (n = 0, 1, ...) is an input data-set for determination of velocity on level z
n
. The velocity ν [x, z
n
− z
n−1] can be thus treated as interval velocity in Δz
n
= z
n
− z
n−1 step. This method was tested on synthetic Marmousi data-set and showed satisfactory results for complex, inhomogeneous media. 相似文献
960.
Karol Kuliński Joanna Święta-Musznicka Andrzej Staniszewski Janusz Pempkowiak Małgorzata Latałowa 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2007,38(4):555-567
The quantity and quality of lignin phenols (Σ8, Λ, S/V, C/V and (Ad/Al)v) in the sediments of three small Lobelia lakes with neither inlets nor outlets were investigated and compared with palynological data and lithology of the profiles.
The method of alkaline CuO oxidation was used. Substantial differences with respect to sedimentary lignin concentration and
provenance recorded along the profiles and among the sites are in good agreement with pollen data describing the dominant
type of vegetation and with indices of soil erosion in the lakes’ catchments. This relation shows that the compositions of
lignin degradation products in these lakes are closely related to the local environmental conditions. In all the lakes gymnosperm
wood is the main source of lignin products; however, each lake is characterized by different S/V index values. Especially
good correlations were obtained between pine pollen proportions in sediments and the S/V index. The correlation between the
C/V and (Ad/Al)v indices indicates a higher degradation of organic matter when non-woody tissue is more abundant. This pilot study illustrates
the usefulness and potential for a wider application of lignin oxidation products in palaeoecological reconstructions. This
kind of data would be of special importance when investigating local presence/absence of woody plants and the role of angiosperms/gymnosperms
in local vegetation. Estimates of lignin biodegradation levels, as well as the data on diagenetic processes, may afford supplementary
information on possible disturbances in sedimentation. 相似文献