The radio properties of radio-quiet quasars     

Marek J. Kukula  James S. Dunlop  David H. Hughes  & Steve Rawlings 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,297(2):366-382

Although radio-quiet quasars (RQQs) constitute ≳ 90 per cent of optically identified quasar samples, their radio properties are only poorly understood. In this paper we present the results of a multi-frequency VLA study of 27 low-redshift RQQs. We detect radio emission from 20 objects, half of which are unresolved (≤ 0.24 arcsec). In cases where significant structure can be resolved, double, triple and linear radio sources on scales of a few kpc are found. The radio emission (typically) has a steep spectrum (α ∼ 0.7, where S  ∝ ν^−α), and high brightness temperatures ( T _B ≥ 10⁵ K) are measured in some of the radio components. The RQQs form a natural extension to the radio luminosity–absolute magnitude distribution of nearby Seyfert 1s. We conclude that a significant fraction of the radio emission in RQQs originates in a compact nuclear source directly associated with the quasar. There are no significant differences between the radio properties of RQQs with elliptical hosts and those in disc galaxies within the current sample.  相似文献   

Possible formation scenarios for the giant H i envelope around the NGC 4490/4485 system     

M. S. Clemens  P. Alexander  & D. A. Green 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,297(4):1015-1020

We present observations of H i in the nearby interacting galaxies NGC 4490 and 4485 made with the VLA in both C and D arrays. The galaxies are embedded in an extensive envelope of neutral hydrogen which is elongated in a direction approximately perpendicular to the plane of NGC 4490, with an extent of about 56 kpc. We argue that this distribution of neutral hydrogen can best be explained by a galactic-scale bipolar outflow of H  i driven by supernovae in NGC 4490. The flow from the disc appears to be reasonably well collimated and has probably persisted for approximately 6 × 10⁸ yr. The implications for galaxy evolution when such mass loss occurs are briefly discussed.  相似文献   

Die fazielle und paläogeographische Entwicklung der infrakambrischen bis ordovizischen Sedimente im Mittleren Antiatlas um Agdz (S-Marokko)     

Dr. Werner Buggisch  Clemens Marzela  Dr. Phil Hügel 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1979,68(1):195-224

Zusammenfassung Die Entwicklung des Adoudounien (Infrakambrium) und Géorgien (Unterkambrium) ist im Mittleren Antiatlas durch einen Wechsel von marinen und kontinentalen Sedimenten gekennzeichnet. Wildbachablagerungen an der Basis und an den Beckenrändern werden von marin-marginalen stromatolithischen Karbonaten abgelöst. Ignimbrite belegen wiederholte terrestrische Sedimentation.Mit fluviatilen Sanden und wiederum Stromatolithen und lagunären Karbonaten (mit ersten Trilobiten!) setzt ein zweiter transgressiver Großzyklus ein, der an der Wende Infra-/Unter-Kambrium einen ersten Höhepunkt erreicht. Durch regressive Kleinzyklen charakterisierte Abfolgen leiten zu Sandsteinen über, die als Ablagerungen eines Deltas gedeutet werden.Vom Mittelkambrium bis Ordovizium dominiert marine Schelfsedimentation.

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The formations of Adoudounien (Infra Cambrian) and Géorgien (Lower Cambrian) of the middle Anti-Atlas are characterized by an alternation of marine and continental sediments. Torrent conglomerates at the base and the margins of the basin took turns to marine-marginal stromatolitic carbonates. Ignimbrites prove repeated terrestrial sedimentation.A second transgressiv megasequence begins with fluviatil sands and goes on with stromatolites and lagoon carbonates (first Trilobites). This transgression reachs his first culmination at the Infra-/Lower-Cambrian boundary. Typical regressiv cycles form a transition to sandstones, which are interpreted as sediments of a delta.Marine shelf environment dominates from Middle Cambrian to Ordovician beds.

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Résumé Dans le moyen Anti-Atlas, l'évolution de l'Adoudounien et du Géorgien est caractérisée par un changement des sédiments marins et continentaux. Les dépôts des torrents à la base et dans la bordure du bassin font place à des carbonates marins marginaux stromatolithiques. Les ignimbrites marquent le retour fréquent à la sédimentation terrestre.Une deuxième mégaséquence transgressive débute avec des sables fluviatiles, des stromatolithes et des carbonates lagunaires (premiers trilobites). La transgression atteint une première phase culminante à la transition de l'Adoudounien au Géorgien. Des séquences caractérisées par de petits cycles régressifs conduisent à des grès qui pourraient être interpré tés comme des sédiments deltaïques.A partir du Cambrien moyen jusqu'à l'Ordovicien prédomine un milieu de plate-forme externe.

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Adoudounien — — Géorgien — — . — — . , - , , . , , . .

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Organic carbon isotope ratios of recent sediments from coastal lagoons of the Gulf of Mexico,Mexico     

Alfonso V. Botello  Enrique F. Mandelli  Steve Macko  Patrick L. Parker 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1980,44(3):557-559

The stable carbon isotope composition sedimentary organic carbon was determined in the sediments of seven coastal lagoons of the Gulf of Mexico, Mexico. For most of the lagoons the δ¹³C values for sediments ranged from ?20.1 to ?23.9%. Anomalously low values, ?26.8 to 29.3%. were determined in sediments of two of the studied lagoons, probably due to the presence of organic carbon from anthropogenic sources, naturally absent in these environments. The δ¹³C values determined in the tissues of oysters collected at the same time in the different lagoons were very similar to those recorded in the sediments.  相似文献   

Saturn's auroral/polar H₃ infrared emission: I. General morphology and ion velocity structure     

Tom Stallard  Steve Miller  Makenzie Lystrup  Nicholas Achilleos 《Icarus》2007,189(1):1-13

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Shock experiments on anhydrite and new constraints on the impact‐induced SOx release at the K‐Pg boundary     

Clemens PRESCHER  Falko LANGENHORST  Ulrich HORNEMANN  Alexander DEUTSCH 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2011,46(11):1619-1629

Abstract– We have performed six shock experiments at nominal peak‐shock pressures of 12.5, 20, 33, 46.5, 64, and 85 GPa using polycrystalline anhydrite discs embedded in ARMCO‐Fe sample containers and the shock reverberation technique. The recovered samples were analyzed using X‐ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The X‐ray diffraction patterns recorded on all samples are compatible with the anhydrite structure; extra‐peaks have not been observed. Peak intensities decrease and peak broadening increases progressively in the pressure range from 0 to 46.5 GPa. At higher pressures, peak broadening diminishes and the X‐ray diffraction pattern of the 85 GPa sample resembles essentially that of unshocked, well‐crystallized anhydrite. Related structural changes at the nanoscale include in the pressure regime up to 20 GPa “cold” deformation phenomena such as cracks and deformation twins. Dislocation density increases up to 33 GPa and the strain increases up to 46.5 GPa. In the pressure range from 46.5 to 85 GPa, high postshock temperatures caused annealing of the deformation features. Increasing density and size of voids in the anhydrite samples shocked at 64 and 85 GPa indicate partial decomposition of anhydrite. Recalculation of the peak‐shock pressure in the experiments to a more realistic natural loading path indicates the onset of degassing of anhydrite in the pressure range of 30–41 GPa.  相似文献   

Efficacy of a multi-metric fish index as an analysis tool for the transitional fish component of the Water Framework Directive     

Coates S  Waugh A  Anwar A  Robson M 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,55(1-6):225-240

The WFD has introduced an international commitment to assess the ecological status of transitional waters (TWs), within which fish communities are a key biological monitoring component. The Transitional Fish Classification Index (TFCI) outlined in this paper uses 10 ecological measures to analyse fish populations caught from various ecological niches using a variety of gear types within the Thames estuary. These reach and method-specific communities are then compared to a reference population created from a 'healthy' population from TWs of a similar type. The results indicate a progressive downstream increase the quality of fish communities, consistent with previous work; variation between methods can be accounted for by gear selectivity. Overall, the TFCI is an effective communication tool for converting ecological information into an easily understood format for managers, policy makers and the general public.  相似文献   

Plastic debris as nesting material in a Kittiwake-(Rissa tridactyla)-colony at the Jammerbugt, Northwest Denmark     

Hartwig E  Clemens T  Heckroth M 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(5):595-597

This paper continues the investigations of Clemens and Hartwig from 1992 on the proportion of garbage used as nesting material in the Kittiwake colony at Bulbjerg in the Jammerbugt in Northwest Denmark. Whereas in the year 1992 plastic garbage items were included in 39.3% of 466 Kittiwake nests in the Bulbjerg colony, in 2005 57.2% of 311 nests contained plastic debris. Although it has been forbidden to dispose of plastic garbage into the marine environment since the implementation of the MARPOL 73/78-Agreement/Annex V (Regulation for the Prevention of Pollution by Ship Waste) of 1989 and especially since the declaration of the North Sea as a MARPOL-Special Area for garbage in 1991, the pollution of the oceans and the North Sea is still an ubiquitous problem, particularly with regard to plastic waste. Plastic waste is presumably not used preferentially for nest-building, but in the context of available nesting material in the waters surrounding the breeding colony. Therefore the share of garbage parts in nests of certain species of birds is an indicator of the amount of waste in the natural environment in the vicinity of their breeding site.  相似文献   

Benthic meiofauna community composition at polluted and non-polluted sites in New Zealand intertidal environments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hack LA  Tremblay LA  Wratten SD  Lister A  Keesing V 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(11):1801-1812

Meiofauna composition was investigated for six field sites, including polluted and non-polluted sites, within two regions (Auckland and Bay of Plenty) during winter (July-August 2004) in the North Island of New Zealand. Physico-chemical parameters were measured during the sampling period and meiofauna distribution and abundance were compared with these measured parameters. Analysis of meiofauna abundance indicated that foraminiferans, nematodes and ostracods were the taxa that contributed to the variability between field sites within the Auckland region. However, no clear taxa dominance was seen in the Bay of Plenty region. Comparison of meiofauna abundance and physico-chemical parameters was done using multivariate analysis (PRIMER). However, no clear relationships between the parameters were observed in any field site in either region. The Shannon-Weiner index of diversity did not show any clear differentiation between polluted and non-polluted field sites. Therefore, from the present study, the taxa or physico-chemical parameters used could not effectively characterise pollution at the investigated field sites.  相似文献   

The Quaternary history of the Wash fluvial network, UK     

Steve Boreham  Tom S. White  Andy J. Howard 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2010,121(4):393-449

This paper appraises and compares the Middle-Upper Pleistocene sedimentary sequences preserved in the fluvial systems draining into the Fenland Basin and the Wash estuary. Of the main Fenland rivers the longest records, which extend back to the initial Anglian (glacial) formation of the basin, are found in the Great Ouse and its tributaries, particularly the Cam and the Nar. These sequences preserve sediments representing all four post-Anglian interglacials. The Nene also has an extensive post-Anglian history, with evidence for a Hoxnian estuary that is presumed to have been the precursor of the Wash. North of the Nene, however, the Welland and Witham (proto-Trent) have relatively short sequences, which are thought to commence with a later (post-Anglian-pre-Devensian) glaciation that affected Lincolnshire and fed the previously-recognized Tottenhill outwash delta south of Kings Lynn. Prior to Devensian deglaciation the Witham valley was occupied by the Trent, which was the trunk river of the late Middle Pleistocene Wash system. During periods of low sea level the river would have extended north-eastwards across what is now the floor of the North Sea, possibly via the Inner Silver Pit. Several of the central Fenland sequences show evidence of infrequent terrace formation during the late Quaternary, although this might in part be due to poor vertical separation between terraces, so that differentiating them has been difficult; this has been exacerbated by mixed biostratigraphical signals due to the preservation of sediments representing more than one interglacial beneath a single terrace surface. In several of the systems there is evidence for valley rejuvenation to the lowest terrace or valley-floor level during the MIS 4-3 transition. The observed differences within what, during the predominant periods of lower sea level, would have been a single Wash river system are difficult to explain.  相似文献