Multidimensional poverty in slums: an empirical study from urban India     

Kaibarta  Samyakami  Mandal  Somnath  Mandal  Pintu  Bhattacharya  Subhasis  Paul  Suman 《GeoJournal》2022,87(4):527-549

Poverty is the most important metric for determining the nature and sense of wellbeing in a given area. Most economists consider poverty to be an economic criterion for assessing many aspects of human development as well as overall social development; yet, society is multi-faceted in its many forms. To address this pressing societal issue, the current study used the Multidimensional poverty index (MPI). To analyse urban poverty among slum communities, the researchers used the Global MPI of the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative and UNDP (following Alkire and Foster) techniques. Researchers attempted to create a Multidimensional poverty index (MPI) for impoverished households in Purulia's designated slums in this study. In the second phase, the multidimensional poverty of Purulia's urban poor households was assessed based on (a) location, (b) social groupings, and (c) length of stay. Finally, researchers have attempted to identify the factors that contribute to multidimensional poverty. Two indicators, the Head Count Ratio (H) and Intensity of Poverty, have been offered to better explain the nature of MPI (A). Based on slum population density and areal density, eight urban slum areas with 320 households has been taken from 8 selected slums based on Yamane’s methodology from Purulia Municipality's wards. A structured questionnaire, an oral history interview, and a focus group discussion were used as primary data sources, with secondary data acquired from several officially published sources. The study displays a decomposed multidimensional poverty picture in terms of overall condition, socioeconomic groups, and household age, with a quantitative methodology that is transparent. When the locations have been considered, a qualitative approach has been used to determine that the slums closest to the railway track are the most multidimensionally disadvantaged of the eight slums. Furthermore, the schedule caste population has been found to be more deprived across many socioeconomic groups, with Scheduled tribe (ST) households being the most deprived in terms of health on one hand (applied quantitative methodology) and multi-nominal regression (applied qualitative methodology) indicating a mix mode approach. This form of analysis, which combines quantitative and qualitative approaches, can aid stakeholders and policymakers in developing specific poverty-reduction policies at the regional level.

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Solar flares associated coronal mass ejections in case of type II radio bursts     

Beena Bhatt  Lalan Prasad  Harish Chandra  Suman Garia 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2016,361(8):265

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Comprehensive evaluation of soil moisture retrieval models under different crop cover types using C-band synthetic aperture radar data     

P. Kumar  A. Choudhary  D. K. Gupta  V. N. Mishra  A. K. Vishwakarma 《国际地球制图》2019,34(9):1022-1041

In the present study, random forest regression (RFR), support vector regression (SVR) and artificial neural network regression (ANNR) models were evaluated for the retrieval of soil moisture covered by winter wheat, barley and corn crops. SVR with radial basis function kernel was provided the highest adj. R² (0.95) value for soil moisture retrieval covered by the wheat crop at VV polarization. However, RFR provided the adj. R² (0.94) value for soil moisture retrieval covered by barley crop at VV polarization using Sentinel-1A satellite data. The adj. R² (0.94) values were found for the soil moisture covered by corn crop at VV polarization using RFR, SVR linear and radial basis function kernels. The least performance was reported using ANNR model for almost all the crops under investigation. The soil moisture retrieval outcomes were found better at VV polarization in comparison to VH polarization using three different models.  相似文献   

Superpenumbral chromospheric flare     

Suo Liu  Hong-Qi Zhang  Debiprasad P.Choudhary  Abhishek K.Srivastava  Bhola Nath Dwivedi 《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2018,(10)

We observed a C-class flare at the outer boundary of the superpenumbra of a sunspot. The flare was triggered by an emerging magnetic bipolar region that was obliquely oriented with respect to the superpenumbral fibrils. The flare started due to the low height magnetic reconnection of emerging magnetic flux with a superpenumbral field resulting in hot multi-temperature plasma flows in the inverse Evershed flow channel and its overlying atmosphere. Inverse Evershed flows in the chromosphere start from the superpenumbra towards the sunspot that end at the outer boundary of the penumbra. The hot plasma flow towards the sunspot in the inverse Evershed channels show about 10 km s~(-1) higher velocity in Hα wavelengths compared to the plasma emissions at various temperatures as seen in different AIA filters. Even though these velocities are about seven times higher than the typical inverse Evershed flow speeds, the flow is diminished at the outer boundary of the sunspot's penumbra. This suggests that the superpenumbral field lines that carry inverse Evershed flows are discontinued at the boundary where the penumbral field lines dive into the sun and these two sets of field lines are completely distinct. The discontinuity in the typical magnetic field and plasma properties at the adjoining of these two sets of field lines further leads to discontinuity in the characteristic magnetoacoustic and Alfv′en speeds, thereby stopping the plasma flows further on. The multi-temperature plasma in the inverse Evershed channels exhibits possible longitudinal oscillations initially during the onset of the flare, and later flows towards the sunspot. In the multi-temperature view, the different layers above the flare region have a mixture of supersonic as well as subsonic flows.  相似文献   

Sr isotopic signature of the Ganga Alluvial Plain and its implication to Sr flux of the Ganga River System     

Sandeep Singh  Munendra Singh  A. K. Choudhary  Anju Saxena  I. B. Singh  A. K. Jain 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2010,99(8):1991-1997

The influx of Sr responsible for increase in marine Sr has been attributed to rise of Himalaya and weathering of the Himalayan rocks. The rivers draining Himalaya to the ocean by the northern part of the Indian sub-continent comprising the Ganga Alluvial Plain (GAP) along with Central parts of the Himalaya and the northern part of the Indian Craton are held responsible for the transformation of Sr isotopic signature. The GAP is basically formed by the Himalayan-derived sediments and serves as transient zone between the source (Himalaya) and the sink (Bay of Bengal). The Gomati River, an important alluvial tributary of the Ganga River, draining nearly 30,500 km² area of GAP is the only river which is originating from the GAP. The river recycles the Himalayan-derived sediments and transport its weathering products into the Ganga River and finally to Bay of Bengal. 11 water samples were collected from the Gomati River and its intrabasinal lakes for measurement of Sr isotopic composition. Sr concentration of Gomati River water is about 335 μg/l, which is about five times higher than the world’s average of river water (70 μg/l) and nearly three times higher than the Ganga River water in the Himalaya (130 μg/l) The Sr isotopic ratios reported are also higher than global average runoff (0.7119) and to modern seawater (0.7092) values. Strong geochemical sediment–water interaction appearing on surface is responsible for the dissolved Sr isotopic ratios in the River water. Higher Sr isotopic rations found during post-monsoon than in pre-monsoon season indicate the importance of fluxes due to monsoonal erosion of the GAP into the Gomati River. Monsoon precipitation and its interaction with alluvium appear to be major vehicle for the addition of dissolved Sr load into the alluvial plain rivers. This study establishes that elevated ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of the Gomati River are due to input of chemical weathering of alluvial material present in the Ganga Alluvial Plain.  相似文献   

Identification of the best architecture of a multilayer perceptron in modeling daily total ozone concentration over Kolkata,India     

Syam S. De  Barin K. De  Goutami Chattopadhyay  Suman Paul  Dilip K. Haldar  Dipak K. Chakrabarty 《Acta Geophysica》2011,59(2):361-376

Autoregressive neural network (AR-NN) models of various orders have been generated in this work for the daily total ozone (TO) time series over Kolkata (22.56°N, 88.5°E). Artificial neural network in the form of multilayer perceptron (MLP) is implemented in order to generate the AR-NN models of orders varying from 1 to 13. An extensive variable selection method through multiple linear regression (MLR) is implemented while developing the AR-NNs. The MLPs are characterized by sigmoid non-linearity. The optimum size of the hidden layer is identified in each model and prediction are produced by validating it over the test cases using the coefficient of determination (R ²) and Willmott’s index (WI). It is observed that AR-NN model of order 7 having 6 nodes in the hidden layer has maximum prediction capacity. It is further observed that any increase in the orders of AR-NN leads to less accurate prediction.  相似文献   

Different Periodicities in the Sunspot Area and the Occurrence of Solar Flares and Coronal Mass Ejections in Solar Cycle 23 – 24     

D. P. Choudhary  J. K. Lawrence  M. Norris  A. C. Cadavid 《Solar physics》2014,289(2):649-656

In order to investigate the relationship between magnetic-flux emergence, solar flares, and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), we study the periodicity in the time series of these quantities. It has been known that solar flares, sunspot area, and photospheric magnetic flux have a dominant periodicity of about 155 days, which is confined to a part of the phase of the solar cycle. These periodicities occur at different phases of the solar cycle during successive phases. We present a time-series analysis of sunspot area, flare and CME occurrence during Cycle 23 and the rising phase of Cycle 24 from 1996 to 2011. We find that the flux emergence, represented by sunspot area, has multiple periodicities. Flares and CMEs, however, do not occur with the same period as the flux emergence. Using the results of this study, we discuss the possible activity sources producing emerging flux.  相似文献   

Petrogenesis of fractionated basaltic lava flows of Poladpur-Mahabaleshwar formation around Mahabaleshwar,Western Ghats,India     

Babita R. Choudhary  Gajananrao N. Jadhav 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2014,84(2):197-208

Geochemical investigations of Wai sub-group volcanic flows (in and around Mahabaleshwar) have been undertaken to determine the petrogenetic processes involved in the formation of volcanic flows. In comparison to the Ambenali Formation, Mahabaleshwar Formation flows were affected more by crustal materials, which left a signature consisting of enriched levels of K, Rb, Ba, Ti and P. Ratios of Nb/Zr and Ba/Y were sensitive to fractional crystallization; Mahabaleshwar formation flows showed the highest Nb/Zr ratios. Ba was noted as a boundary marker element between the Ambenali (47.3 to 63.9 ppm Ba) and Mahabaleshwar (83.1 to 180 ppm) formations. The general trend of incompatible element concentrations increasing from lower Poladpur to upper Mahabaleshwar flows with increasing Zr and the linear array on the plot are consistent with the fractionation of olivine and clinopyroxene. MgO ranged from 4.8 to 7.1 wt%, TiO₂ from 1.8 to 4.6 wt%, SiO₂ from 47 to 52 wt% and Al₂O₃ from 12 to15.5 wt%. The Mg number (Mg#) was much lower, ranging from 36 to 50. The K₂O/ P₂O₅ ratio showed the role of assimilation in the basaltic flows. TiO₂, Y, Zr, Nb and Mg# were used to determine fractional crystallization, whereas Ba, Rb, K₂O and SiO₂ were used for monitoring the fractional crystallization effects of crustal contamination. The range of Zr/Y and TiO₂ > 1.8 wt% appears to have been generated by fractional crystallization starting from enriched mafic precursors.  相似文献   

Comparative Study of LiNbO3 and Servo Controlled Air Gap Fabry-Perot Etalons for Solar Application     

Choudhary Debi Prasad  Sanjay Gosain 《Experimental Astronomy》2002,13(3):153-158

In this note, we compare the LiNbO₃ and Piezo-Electrically(PE) servo controlled air gap Fabry-Perot etalons for observing the Sun. An identical test setup was used to evaluate the instrumental parameters of the two etalons. It is found that for the etalons with similar finesse the advantage of using PE Etalons is tunability over entire Free Spectral Range. On the other hand, the LiNbO₃ etalons have advantage of wider acceptance angle. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Study of spectral signatures for exploration of Bauxite ore deposits in Panchpatmali,India     

P. Suman Babu  Amit K. Bhattacharya 《国际地球制图》2015,30(5):545-559

Spectral analysis technique has been utilized to identify the Bauxite mineral occurrences in Panchpatmali, Orissa, India. Spectral processing of Landsat ETM+ data has been carried out by converting the digital data from quantized and calibrated values to reflectance values. Minimum noise fraction transformation is used to determine the inherent dimensionality of reflected Landsat ETM+ data, to segregate noise in the data, and to reduce the computational requirements for subsequent processing and interactively to locate pure pixels within the data-set, projecting n-dimensional scatterplots. Spectral processing results are displayed in the form of images corresponding to each group of pixels (endmembers). Mixed tune matched filtering method has been applied on Landsat ETM+ images which gave three score (abundance) images for three different classes (endmembers) such as Bauxite, vegetation and soil. Further, mineralized zones are identified using image fusion of ERS-2 SAR and Landsat ETM+ data using intensity-hue-saturation technique.  相似文献