Impact of missing flow on active inundation areas and transformation of parafluvial wetlands in Punarbhaba–Tangon river basin of Indo-Bangladesh     

Swades Pal 《国际地球制图》2019,34(10):1055-1074

Punarbhaba river of Indo-Bangladesh has experienced hydro-ecological alteration after installation of Komardanga dam in 1992 and consequently wetland and inundation areas have undergone into transformation. The present work intends to explore the impact of flow attenuation on contemporary and upcoming flood extent and flood plain wetlands. In post-dam condition, average and maximum flows are attenuated by 36 and 41%, respectively, and as a result the active flood prone area is squeezed considerably by 39.72%. Average flood water depth is also reduced by 37.87% (4.45metre) after flow modification. Due to shrinkages of flood prone areas, wetland area is also reduced from 215.70 to 90.40 km² and larger part of the present wetland area is under stress and critical state. Predicted flood prone areas in next 25 years will be 328.91 km² and consequently 65.63 km² wetland areas may further be under hydro-ecological threats. Release of ecological flow is essential to restore and preserve the wetland.  相似文献   

SS 433: results of a recent multiwavelength campaign     

Sandip K. Chakrabarti  B. G. Anandarao  S. Pal  Soumen Mondal  A. Nandi  A. Bhattacharyya  Samir Mandal  Ram Sagar  J. C. Pandey  A. Pati  S. K. Saha 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,362(3):957-965

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Diamond formation in the system MgO–SiO2–H2O–C at 7.5 GPa and 1,600°C     

A. G. Sokol  Yu. N. Pal’yanov 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2008,155(1):33-43

Diamond crystallization has been studied in the SiO₂–H₂O–С, Mg₂SiO₄–H₂O–С and H₂O–С subsystems at 7.5 GPa and 1,600°C. We found that dissolution of initial graphite is followed by spontaneous nucleation of diamond and growth of diamond on seed crystals. In 15-h runs, the degree of graphite to diamond transformation [α = M_Dm/(M_Dm + M_Gr)100, where M_Dm is mass of obtained diamond and M_Gr mass of residual graphite] reached 100% in H₂O-rich fluids but was only 35–50% in water-saturated silicate melts. In 40-h runs, an abrupt decrease of α has been established at the weight ratio H₂O/(H₂O + SiO₂) ≤ 0.16 or H₂O/(H₂O + Mg₂SiO₄) ≤ 0.15. Our results indicate that α is a function of the concentration of water, which controls both the kinetics of diamond nucleation and the intensity of carbon mass transfer in the systems. The most favorable conditions for diamond crystallization in the mantle silicate environment at reliable PT-parameters occur in the fluid phase with low concentration of silicates solute. In H₂O-poor silicate melts diamond formation is questionable.  相似文献   

Impact of assimilation of INSAT-3D retrieved atmospheric motion vectors on short-range forecast of summer monsoon 2014 over the South Asian region     

Prashant?KumarEmail author  Sanjib?K.?Deb  C.?M.?Kishtawal  P.?K.?Pal 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2017,128(3-4):575-586

The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and its three-dimensional variational data assimilation system are used in this study to assimilate the INSAT-3D, a recently launched Indian geostationary meteorological satellite derived from atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) over the South Asian region during peak Indian summer monsoon month (i.e., July 2014). A total of four experiments were performed daily with and without assimilation of INSAT-3D-derived AMVs and the other AMVs available through Global Telecommunication System (GTS) for the entire month of July 2014. Before assimilating these newly derived INSAT-3D AMVs in the numerical model, a preliminary evaluation of these AMVs is performed with National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) final model analyses. The preliminary validation results show that root-mean-square vector difference (RMSVD) for INSAT-3D AMVs is ～3.95, 6.66, and 5.65 ms^?1 at low, mid, and high levels, respectively, and slightly more RMSVDs are noticed in GTS AMVs (～4.0, 8.01, and 6.43 ms^?1 at low, mid, and high levels, respectively). The assimilation of AMVs has improved the WRF model of produced wind speed, temperature, and moisture analyses as well as subsequent model forecasts over the Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, Australia, and South Africa. Slightly more improvements are noticed in the experiment where only the INSAT-3D AMVs are assimilated compared to the experiment where only GTS AMVs are assimilated. The results also show improvement in rainfall predictions over the Indian region after AMV assimilation. Overall, the assimilation of INSAT-3D AMVs improved the WRF model short-range predictions over the South Asian region as compared to control experiments.  相似文献   

Impact of ECMWF,NCEP, and NCMRWF global model analysis on the WRF model forecast over Indian Region     

Prashant?KumarEmail author  C.?M.?Kishtawal  P.?K.?Pal 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2017,127(1-2):143-151

The global model analysis has significant impact on the mesoscale model forecast as global model provides initial condition (IC) and lateral boundary conditions (LBC) for the mesoscale model. With this objective, four operational global model analyses prepared from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS), NCEP Global Forecasting System (GFS), and National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF) are used daily to generate IC and LBC of the mesoscale model during 13th December 2012 to 13th January 2013. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model version 3.4, broadly used for short-range weather forecast, is adopted in this study as mesoscale model. After initial comparison of global model analyses with Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) retrieved temperature and moisture profiles, daily WRF model forecasts initialized from global model analyses are compared with in situ observations and AIRS profiles. Results demonstrated that forecasts initialized from the ECMWF analysis are closer to AIRS-retrieved profiles and in situ observations compared to other global model analyses. No major differences are occurred in the WRF model forecasts when initialized from the NCEP GDAS and GFS analyses, whereas these two analyses have different spatial resolutions and observations used for assimilation. Maximum RMSD is seen in the NCMRWF analysis-based experiments when compared with AIRS-retrieved profiles. The rainfall prediction is also improved when WRF model is initialized from the ECMWF analysis compared to the NCEP and NCMRWF analyses.  相似文献   

    

S. C. Sarkar  S. Kabiraj  S. Bhattacharya  A. B. Pal 《Mineralium Deposita》1997,32(6):622

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Fatty acid profiles of marine benthic microorganisms isolated from the continental slope of bay of bengal: a possible implications in the benthic Food web     

Surajit Das  P. S. Lyla  S. Ajmal Khan 《Ocean Science Journal》2007,42(4):247-254

Marine bacteria, actinomycetes and fungal strains were isolated from continental slope sediment of the Bay of Bengal and studied for fatty acid profile to investigate their involvement in the benthic food-web. Fifteen different saturated and unsaturated fatty acids from bacterial isolates, 14 from actinomycetes and fungal isolates were detected. The total unsaturated fatty acids in bacterial isolates ranged from 11.85 to 37.26%, while the saturated fatty acid ranged between 42.34 and 80.74%. In actinomycetes isolates, total unsaturated fatty acids varied from 27.86 to 38.85% and saturated fatty acids ranged from 35.29 to 51.25%. In fungal isolates unsaturated fatty acids ranged between 44.62 and 65.52% while saturated FA ranged from 20.80 to 46.30%. The higher percentages of unsaturated fatty acids from the microbial isolates are helpful in anticipating the active participation in the benthic food-web of Bay of Bengal.  相似文献   

Detection of tsunami-induced changes using generalized improved fuzzy radial basis function neural network     

Akansha Mehrotra  Krishna Kant Singh  M. J. Nigam  Kirat Pal 《Natural Hazards》2015,77(1):367-381

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Multidimensional six-stage model for flood emergency response in schools: a case study of Pakistan     

Shah  Ashfaq Ahmad  Wu  Wenya  Gong  Zaiwu  Pal  Indrajit  Khan  Jahangir 《Natural Hazards》2021,105(2):1977-2005

Natural Hazards - Children spend more than two-thirds of their total daytime in schools and becoming more persuasive in shielding them from potential hazards. Schools have a responsibility to...  相似文献   

Seismic site characterization and site response study of Nirsa (India)     

Gupta  Ravindra K.  Agrawal  Mohit  Pal  S. K.  Das  M. K. 《Natural Hazards》2021,108(2):2033-2057

Natural Hazards - The Nirsa block, a coal mining area, and an industrial town lies in the southern part of Dhanbad district, at the border between the Indian states of Jharkhand and West Bengal....  相似文献