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排序方式: 共有197条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
51.
Antonio Simonetti Clément Gariépy Richard Tanabe 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2004,68(16):3285-3294
This study reports metal abundances and Pb isotope ratios of emissions from the Horne copper smelter, and ambient (ground level) atmosphere at Rouyn, Québec retrieved during 2-week field studies in the winter and summer seasons of 2000. Plume aerosols were sampled during horizontal and vertical passes using a DHC-6 Twin Otter aircraft, which typically tracked the plume up to 30 km from the stack. Samples of the ‘background’ atmospheric conditions were taken simultaneously from a ground site meteorological station located 2.5 km in the predominant upwind direction from the stack.Overall, metal concentrations (ng/m3 of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Se, Zn) for the in-plume samples are elevated by one or more orders of magnitude over those measured in the ground site samples. The Pb isotope compositions for the in-plume samples are extremely variable (206Pb/207Pb range from ∼1.120 to ∼1.170) but define well-constrained linear arrays in conventional Pb-Pb isotope plots. Correlations between metal concentrations (e.g. As/Pb, Cu/Pb, Zn/Pb) and the Pb isotope data are indicative of binary mixing between two anthropogenic end members; most probably imported industrial Pb found in recycled materials, and nonradiogenic Pb derived from Archean sulfide ore deposits. Pb isotope data from the winter ground site (‘background’) samples indicate that the ground level atmosphere at Rouyn contains a mixture of Pb emitted from the Horne smelter and long-range anthropogenic Pb transported from Eurasian pollution sources. Compared to the Pb isotope composition of epiphytic lichens, snowpack, and precipitations collected in 1990 to 1999 from adjacent geographic regions, the Pb isotope results obtained here suggest that aerosols emitted from the Horne smelter are dispersed into northeastern North America. However, future studies dealing with point source apportionment for this region of the globe will be rendered difficult due to the processing at the Horne smelter of recycled material containing industrial Pb from various sources. 相似文献
52.
Satoko Niimi Michio X. Watanabe Eun-Young Kim Hisato Iwata Genta Yasunaga Yoshihiro Fujise Shinsuke Tanabe 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,51(8-12):784
This study presents full-length cDNA sequences of CYP1A1 and 1A2, in common minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) from the North Pacific. Both CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 cDNAs had an open reading frame of 516 amino acid residues, and predicted molecular masses were 58.3 kDa and 58.1 kDa, respectively. The deduced full-length amino acid sequence of CYP1A1 revealed higher identities with those of sheep (86%) and pig (87%), and that of CYP1A2 was most closely related to human (82%) and monkey CYP1A2 (82%) among species from which CYP1A2 has been isolated so far. Differences in certain conserved and functional amino acid residues of CYP1A1 and 1A2 between common minke whale and other mammalian species indicate the possibility of their specific metabolic function. Concentrations of organochlorine compounds (OCs) including PCBs and DDTs analyzed in common minke whale liver showed no significant correlation with hepatic mRNA expression levels of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2, indicating no induction of these enzymes by such OCs. 相似文献
53.
Episode 48 of the ongoing eruption of Kilauea, Hawai`i, began in July 1986 and continuously extruded lava for the next 5.5 years from a low shield, Kūpaianaha. The flows in March 1990 headed for Kalapana and inundated the entire town under 15–25 m of lava by the end of August. As the flows advanced eastward, they entered into Kaimū Bay, replacing it with a plain of lava that extends 300 m beyond the original shoreline. The focus of our study is the period from August 1 to October 31, 1990, when the lava buried almost 406,820 m2 of the 5-m deep bay. When lava encountered the sea, it flowed along the shoreline as a narrow primary lobe up to 400 m long and 100 m wide, which in turn inflated to a thickness of 5–6 m. The flow direction of the primary lobes was controlled by the submerged delta below the lavas and by damming up lavas fed at low extrusion rates. Breakout flows through circumferential and axial inflation cracks on the inflating primary lobes formed smaller secondary lobes, burying the lows between the primary lobes and hiding their original outlines. Inflated flow lobes eventually ruptured at proximal and/or distal ends as well as mid-points between the two ends, feeding new primary lobes which were emplaced along and on the shore side of the previously inflated lobes. The flow lobes mapped with the aid of aerial photographs were correlated with daily observations of the growing flow field, and 30 primary flow lobes were dated. Excluding the two repose periods that intervened while the bay was filled, enlargement of the flow field took place at a rate of 2,440–22,640 square meters per day in the bay. Lobe thickness was estimated to be up to 11 m on the basis of cross sections of selected lobes measured using optical measurement tools, measuring tape and hand level. The total flow-lobe volume added in the bay during August 1–October 31 was approximately 3.95 million m3, giving an average supply rate of 0.86 m3/s. 相似文献
54.
Abstract A remarkable temporal variation in primary magma compositions has been found in the Northeast Japan arc. The trench-side magmas have become more enriched in FeO* and the backarc-side magmas have become more depleted in FeO* while retaining almost constant SiO, levels for the last ∼20 million years. In order to understand the origin of the temporal variation, FeO* and SiO, contents in partial melts are modeled for an adiabatically-rising mantle as a function of potential temperature and original composition of the mantle material. The result demonstrates that the primary magmas that are more depleted in FeO* were derived from the mantle materials either at lower potential temperatures or with compositions more depleted in basaltic components. A possible mechanism for the inferred primary magma variability is the change in depth intervals with time of magma production in a compositionally-layered mantle wedge; greater degrees of depletion at a greater depth is reconciled with a probable thermal regime in the mantle wedge. 相似文献
55.
To investigate diffusion around a building in a suburban area, a field observation was conducted on a model cube with a centrally located rooftop level source in September 1992 in Sapporo, Japan. The results show that high concentrations were observed both upwind and downwind of the source on the roof, although the mean velocity U was positive. The values of normalized concentration at locations upwind and downwind of the source were lower than those obtained from wind tunnel data conducted at moderated turbulence levels. At ground level, the mean concentrations along the model centre line show the highest value near the cube and decay rapidly in the downstream direction. The relationship between the instantaneous concentrations and instantaneous velocity was investigated using two fast-response concentration detectors and an ultrasonic anemometer. It was found that when reverse flow occurred on the roof, the tracer gas was detected upwind of the source. 相似文献
56.
Shoichiro Fukao Manabu D. Yamanaka Hiromasa Matsumoto Toru Sato Toshitaka Tsuda Susumu Kato 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1989,130(2-3):463-479
Vertical and temporal variations of three-dimensional wind velocity associated with an upper-tropospheric cold vortex-tropopause funnel system were observed by an MST radar in Japan (the MU radar). Marked changes of vertical velocity and horizontal wind direction were found between the inside and outside of the cold vortex. The vertical velocity activity outside the vortex was asymmetric; it was most active in a sector before the vortex. Unsaturated internal gravity waves in their generation stage contribute predominantly to the vertical velocity activity, suggesting that tropospheric occluded cyclones may be a possible source of middle-atmospheric gravity waves through the geostrophic adjustment process. 相似文献
57.
Manabu D. Yamanaka Shoichiro Fukao Hiromasa Matsumoto Toru Sato Toshitaka Tsuda Susumu Kato 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1989,130(2-3):481-495
Marked wavelike variations of the lower stratospheric wind observed on 7–10 May, 1985 by an MST radar in Japan (by the MU radar) are analyzed assuming that they are induced by monochromatic internal inertio-gravity waves. These variations are mainly composed of two modes (periods: 22 and 24 hours), both of which have zonal phase velocities (C
X
) slower than the mean westerly wind (). A statistical analysis of the zonal phase velocity shows thatC
X
above andC
X
below the tropopause jet stream, which is considered to be a vivid proof of wave selection due to the tropospheric mean flow and upward wave emission from the tropopause jet. A comparison between the MU radar results and routine meteorological observations leads to the conclusion that the marked waves appear when the jet stream takes a maximum wind speed. 相似文献
58.
59.
Tanabe S 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(10):1025-1026
60.
The seismic performance of geotechnical works is significantly affected by ground displacement. In particular, soil–structure interaction and effects of liquefaction play major roles and pose difficult problems for engineers. An International Standard, ISO23469, is being developed for addressing these issues in a systematic manner within a consistent framework. The objective of this paper is to give an overview of this International Standard.In this International Standard, the seismic actions are determined through two stages. The first stage determines basic seismic action variables, including the earthquake ground motion at the site, the potential for earthquake-associated phenomena such as liquefaction and induced lateral ground displacement. These basic variables are used, in the second stage, for specifying the seismic actions for designing geotechnical works. In the second stage, the soil–structure interaction plays a major role. Types of analyses are classified based on a combination of static/dynamic analyses and the procedure for soil–structure interaction classified as follows:
- – simplified: soil–structure interaction of a global system is modeled as an action on a substructure;
- – detailed: soil–structure interaction of a global system is modeled as a coupled system.
Keywords: Design; Geotechnical works; Liquefaction; International Standard; Seismic actions; Seismic hazard analysis 相似文献