Bioassessment Techniques for Monitoring of Eutrophication and Nutrient Limitation in Coastal Ecosystems   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Jens Erik Lyngby  Sverre Mortensen  Nick Ahrensberg 《Marine pollution bulletin》1999,39(1-12):212-223

Bioassesment by the use of the macroalga, Ulva lactuca L., was carried out in the Limfjord, Denmark, to assess the significance of nitrogen and phosphorus as limiting factors for primary production during 1985, 1993, 1994 and 1995 and for the detection of changes in eutrophication levels.

Minimum and critical tissue concentrations for nitrogen and phosphorus in macroalgae were identified. The concentrations of nitrogen were generally below the critical concentration level in June–October in 1985, 1993, and 1995 but in 1994 nitrogen was only limiting for primary production in short periods. Only in early spring in 1985 and 1993 were the tissue concentrations of phosphorus below the critical concentration level, whereas in 1994 up to 3–4 months showed phosphorus limited growth, indicating that significant changes in limitation patterns can occur between different years.

It was concluded that the use of biomonitoring techniques is well suited as a bioassessment method for direct detection and for providing a time-integrated measure of nutrient availability in coastal waters, and thus for assessing ecosystem health with regard to eutrophication. It is recommended that biomonitors and the concept of critical tissue concentrations should be used in environmental management and incorporated in future monitoring programmes.  相似文献   

Comparison of wave and current measurements to NORA10 and NoNoCur hindcast data in the northern North Sea   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Kjersti Bruserud  Sverre Haver 《Ocean Dynamics》2016,66(6-7):823-838

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On some uncertainties related to the short term stochastic modelling of ocean waves     

Sverre Haver  Torgeir Moan 《Applied Ocean Research》1983,5(2):93-108

A short-term model for the representation of ocean waves is considered. The model is described and the associated uncertainties are briefly reviewed. Emphasis is placed on a discussion of the validity of the basic assumptions regarding stationarity and Gaussianity, together with an elaboration on uncertainties related to the shape of the spectral density function. The basis for the present investigation is 4586 time series for the sea surface elevation, representing a rather wide range of different sea states. Conclusions presented subsequently rest to some extent on the assumption that the actual time series reproduce the true time fluctuations of the surface with a sufficient accuracy. A verification of this assumption requires a very extensive investigation, and could not be included within the scope of this work.  相似文献   

Gas hydrate and free gas indications within the Cenozoic succession of the Bjørnøya Basin, western Barents Sea     

Jan Sverre Laberg  Karin Andreassen 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》1996,13(8):921-940

Multichannel seismic data, containing high-amplitude reflections from Cenozoic sediments of the Bjørnøya Basin, southwestern Barents Sea, have been studied, inferring the existence of gas hydrate and free gas. The Cenozoic succession comprises Late Palaeocene and Early Eocene claystones and siltstones and locally also some sandstones overlain by Late Pleistocene glaciogenic sediments. The inferred gas hydrate and free gas accumulations are mainly located in the vicinity of larger faults which can be followed up to base Tertiary level, and which seem to have controlled the geographical distribution of the accumulations. Free gas accumulations are inferred to occur most frequently within the Late Palaeocene strata that occur below the gas hydrate stability zone, and indicate that relatively small gas leakages from deeper accumulations have dominated. Larger gas leakages have probably led to gas migration up into the gas hydrate stability zone and, together with the increasing thickness of the hydrate stability zone towards the north, control the distribution of the suspected gas hydrates. The inferred gas leakages are closely related to the Cenozoic evolution of the Barents Sea, and are probably caused by gas expansion due to the removal of up to 1 km of sediments from the Barents Sea shelf and/or reservoir tilting during the Late Cenozoic glaciations which affected this area.  相似文献   

Effects of Dredging Activities on Growth of Laminaria saccharina     

Jens Erik  Lyngby Sverre Mohr  Mortensen 《Marine Ecology》1996,17(1-3):345-354

Abstract. The possible effects of fine-grained deposits on the photosynthesis, growth, and nutrient uptake of Laminaria have been studied in field and laboratory experiments. Some of the plants were treated with fine-grained material for two hours and then transplanted in rows together with untreated plants. At two-week intervals the treatment was repeated and samples collected. The macroalgae were analyzed for growth as well as chlorophyll a , nitrogen, and phosphorus content. In the laboratory experiments, plants of a uniform size were incubated in Plexiglas containers after leaf-marking and treatment in a sediment suspension. At weekly intervals, photosynthesis, growth, chlorophyll a , and nutrients were analyzed.
The field study showed that Laminaria growth was significantly affected by the fine-grained material. The growth in the control experiment was 20% higher than in the treated plants. The chlorophyll a concentrations in the treated plants were significantly lower than in the control experiment, and the results indicated a reduced nutrient uptake in the treated plants. In the laboratory experiments the growth of the treated plants was only 30% of the controls, but no differences in photosynthetic capacities were detected. Nitrogen uptake was reduced in the treated plants, but no effects were observed on phosphorus uptake. Thick layers of fine-grained material caused direct harmful effects and rotting.
The results are discussed in relation to dredging activities; it is concluded that in heavy sedimentation areas, Laminaria growth may be significantly reduced beyond the indirect effect of shading from suspended material in the water.  相似文献   

Neogene stratigraphy and the sedimentary and oceanographic development of the NW European Atlantic margin     

Martyn S. Stoker  Daniel Praeg  Berit Oline Hjelstuen  Jan Sverre Laberg  Tove Nielsen  Pat M. Shannon 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2005,22(9-10):977

A regional correlation of Neogene stratigraphy has been attempted along and across the NW European Atlantic continental margin, between Mid-Norway and SW Ireland. Two unconformity-bounded successions are recognised. These are referred to as the lower and upper Neogene successions, and have been dated as Miocene–early Pliocene and early Pliocene–Holocene, respectively, in age. Their development is interpreted to reflect plate-wide, tectonically driven changes in the sedimentary, oceanographic and latterly climatic evolution of the NE Atlantic region. The lower Neogene succession mainly preserves a record of deep-water sedimentation that indicates an expansion of contourite sediment drifts above submarine unconformities, within this succession, on both sides of the eastern Greenland–Scotland Ridge from the mid-Miocene. This is interpreted to record enhanced deep-water exchange through the Faroe Conduit (deepest part of the Southern Gateway), and can be linked to compressive inversion of the Wyville–Thomson Ridge Complex. Thus, a pervasive, interconnected Arctic–North Atlantic deep-water circulation system is a Neogene phenomenon. The upper Neogene succession records a regional change, at about 4 Ma, in the patterns of contourite sedimentation (submarine erosion, new depocentres) coeval with the onset of rapid seaward-progradation of the continental margin by up to 100 km. This build-out of the shelf and slope is inferred to record a marked increase in sediment supply in response to uplift and tilting of the continental margin. Associated changes in deep-water circulation may be part of an Atlantic-wide reorganisation of ocean bottom currents. Glacial sediments form a major component of the prograding shelf margin (shelf-slope) sediment wedges, but stratigraphic data indicate that the onset of progradation pre-dates significant high-latitude glaciation by at least 1 Ma, and expansive Northern Hemisphere glaciation by at least 3 Ma.  相似文献   

Cenozoic alongslope processes and sedimentation on the NW European Atlantic margin     

Jan Sverre Laberg  Martyn S. Stoker  K.I. Torbjrn Dahlgren  Henk de Haas  Haflidi Haflidason  Berit O. Hjelstuen  Tove Nielsen  Pat M. Shannon  Tore O. Vorren  Tjeerd C.E. van Weering  Silvia Ceramicola 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2005,22(9-10):1069

Based on studies of sediment accumulations deposited from-and erode by-alongslope flowing ocean currents on the European continental margin from Porcupine (Ireland) to Lofoten (Norway), the evolution of the Cenozoic paleocirculation was reconstructed as part of the STRATAGEM project. There is evidence of ocean current-controlled erosion and deposition in the Rockall Trough, in the Faeroe-Shetland Channel and on the Vøring Plateau since the late Eocene, although the circulation pattern remains ambiguous. The late Palaeogene flow in the Rockall Trough was almost probably driven by southerly-derived Tethyan Outflow Water. The extent and strength of any northerly-derived flow is uncertain. From the early Neogene (early-mid-Miocene), there was a massive regional expansion of contourite drift development both in the North Atlantic and in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea. This was most probably related to the development of the Faroe Conduit, the opening of the Fram Strait and the general subsidence of the Greenland-Scotland Ridge. These may have combined to cause a considerable acceleration in the exchange and overflow of deep waters between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans. An early late Neogene (late early Pliocene) regional erosional event has been ascribed to a vigorous pulse of bottom-current activity, most probably the result of a global reorganisation of ocean currents associated with the closure of the Central American Seaway. During the late Neogene, contourites and sediment drifts developed in deep-water basins, between units of glacigenic sediments as well as infill of several paleo-slide scars. These sediments were derived from areas of bottom-current erosion as well as from the development of Plio-Pleistocene prograding sediment wedges, incorporating the extensive sediment supply derived from shelf-wide ice sheets. Presently a profound winnowing prevails along the shelf and upper slope due to the inflowing currents of Atlantic water. Depocentres of sediments derived from the winnowing are located (locally) in lower slope embayments and in slide scars.  相似文献   

Post-Newtonian N-body simulations     

Sverre J. Aarseth 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,378(1):285-292

We report on the first fully consistent conventional cluster simulation which includes terms up to the third-order post-Newtonian approximation. Numerical problems for treating extremely energetic binaries orbiting a single massive object are circumvented by employing the special 'wheel-spoke' regularization method of Zare which has not been used in large- N simulations before. Idealized models containing   N = 1 × 10⁵  particles of mass  1 M_⊙  with a central black hole (BH) of  300 M_⊙  have been studied on GRAPE-type computers. An initial half-mass radius of   r _h≃ 0.1  pc is sufficiently small to yield examples of relativistic coalescence. This is achieved by significant binary shrinkage within a density cusp environment, followed by the generation of extremely high eccentricities which are induced by Kozai cycles and/or resonant relaxation. More realistic models with white dwarfs and 10 times larger half-mass radii also show evidence of general relativity effects before disruption. An experimentation with the post-Newtonian terms suggests that reducing the time-scales for activating the different orders progressively may be justified for obtaining qualitatively correct solutions without aiming for precise predictions of the final gravitational radiation wave form. The results obtained suggest that the standard loss-cone arguments underestimate the swallowing rate in globular clusters containing a central BH.  相似文献   

Gaseous and Particulate Oxidized and Reduced Nitrogen Species in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer in Scandinavia in Spring     

Asgeir Sorteberg  Øystein Hov  Sverre Solberg  Kjetil Tørseth  Hans Areskoug  Martin Ferm  Kit Granby  Heikki Lättilä  Karin Persson  David Simpson 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1998,30(2):241-271

Observations of the concentration of several nitrogen containing compounds at five rural Scandinavian sites during March–June 1993 are reported. Total nitrate (NO ₃ ^- + HNO₃) and total ammonium (NH ₄ ⁺ + NH₃) were measured by denuder and filter pack. In general the methods agree well. At all sites the particulate fraction dominated, with the largest fraction of NO ₃ ^- and the lowest of NH ₄ ⁺ at the sites which were closest to the emission sources. The fraction of NO ₃ ^- of total nitrate increased with increasing NO₂ concentrations, indicating that the nighttime conversion of NO₂ to NO ₃ ^- is an important route of formation for NO ₃ ^- . A positive correlation was found between HNO₃ and O₃ in June at all sites, while no correlation was found early in the spring. Model calculations were made with a lagrangian boundary layer photooxidant model for the whole period, and compared to the measured concentrations. The calculated ratio between mean observed and modelled daily maximum concentrations of ozone over the measurement period were within +/–10% at all sites. The models ability to describe the daily ozone maximum concentration was satisfactory with an average deviation of 19–22% from the observed concentrations. HNO₃ was underestimated by over 50% at all sites except the one closest to the emission sources. The correlation between modelled and observed concentrations was generally best for the sites with shortest transport distance from the sources of emission.  相似文献   

Carbonyls and nonmethane hydrocarbons at rural European sites from the mediterranean to the arctic     

Sverre Solberg  Christian Dye  Norbert Schmidbauer  Alex Herzog  Robert Gehrig 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1996,25(1):33-66

Results of regular measurements during 1992–1995 of hydrocarbons and carbonyl compounds for a number of rural European monitoring sites are presented. The measurements are part of the EMEP programme for VOC measurements in Europe. In addition, several years of regular measurements are included from the Norwegian stations Birkenes at the south coast, and Zeppelin Mountain on Spitsbergen in the Arctic. The sampling frequency has been about twice per week throughout the years, implying that a substantial amount of measurement data are available. Almost all the chemical analyses have been performed by one laboratory, the EMEP Chemical Co-ordinating Centre located at NILU, which avoids problems of intercomparison and intercalibration among different laboratories. For the measured concentrations both seasonal and geographical variations are shown and discussed. The diurnal cycles of the hydrocarbon concentrations were studied in detail at one site, where the grab samples by EMEP where compared with a parallel continuous sampler, operated by EMPA, Switzerland. Hydrocarbons linked to natural gas and fuel evaporation become well mixed into the Arctic in the winter, whereas combustion products show a latitudinal gradient. The sum of oxygenated species constitutes about 5–15% of the sum of C₂–C₅ hydrocarbons in winter. In summer they are almost equal in magnitude, consistent with an increasing oxidation of hydrocarbons.  相似文献