Anthropogenic and natural disturbance effects on a macrobenthic estuarine community over a 10-year period   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dolbeth M  Cardoso PG  Ferreira SM  Verdelhos T  Raffaelli D  Pardal MA 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(5):576-585

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Negligible risks to corals from antifouling booster biocides and triazine herbicides in coastal waters of the Chagos Archipelago     

Guitart C  Sheppard A  Frickers T  Price AR  Readman JW 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(2):226-232

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Effects of chemical dispersants and mineral fines on crude oil dispersion in a wave tank under breaking waves     

Li Z  Kepkay P  Lee K  King T  Boufadel MC  Venosa AD 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(7):983-993

The interaction of chemical dispersants and suspended sediments with crude oil influences the fate and transport of oil spills in coastal waters. A wave tank study was conducted to investigate the effects of chemical dispersants and mineral fines on the dispersion of oil and the formation of oil-mineral-aggregates (OMAs) in natural seawater. Results of ultraviolet spectrofluorometry and gas chromatography flame ionized detection analysis indicated that dispersants and mineral fines, alone and in combination, enhanced the dispersion of oil into the water column. Measurements taken with a laser in situ scattering and transmissometer (LISST-100X) showed that the presence of mineral fines increased the total concentration of the suspended particles from 4 to 10microl l(-1), whereas the presence of dispersants decreased the particle size (mass mean diameter) of OMAs from 50 to 10microm. Observation with an epifluorescence microscope indicated that the presence of dispersants, mineral fines, or both in combination significantly increased the number of particles dispersed into the water.  相似文献   

Isomer specific determination of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in small cetaceans from the South China Sea--Levels and temporal variation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Isobe T  Ramu K  Kajiwara N  Takahashi S  Lam PK  Jefferson TA  Zhou K  Tanabe S 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(8):1139-1145

A diastereoisomer (alpha, beta, and gamma) specific analytical method for measuring hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) was developed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). The method developed was applied to analyze blubber of small cetaceans to divulge the distribution and temporal variation of HBCDs in the Asian marine environment. HBCDs were detected in all the blubber samples of finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) and Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) collected from the South China Sea during 1990-2001. Concentrations of HBCDs were higher in humpback dolphins (31-380 ng/g lipid) than in finless porpoises (4.7-55 ng/g lipid), which can be attributed to habitat differences. Average concentrations of alpha-HBCD in finless porpoises increased from 9.5 ng/g lipid in 1990 to 35 ng/g lipid in 2000/01. alpha-HBCD was predominant among the three isomers with some exceptions in finless porpoises collected in 1990. This is the first report on HBCDs contamination in marine mammals from Southeast Asia.  相似文献   

Ship board testing of a deoxygenation ballast water treatment   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

McCollin T  Quilez-Badia G  Josefsen KD  Gill ME  Mesbahi E  Frid CL 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(8):1170-1178

A ship board trial of a deoxygenation method for treating ballast water was carried out during a voyage from Southampton (United Kingdom) to Manzanillo (Panama). A nutrient solution added to two ballast tanks encouraged bacterial growth, resulting in a gradual change to an anoxic environment. Samples were taken from two treated tanks and two untreated tanks to assess changes in the abundance and viability of zooplankton, phytoplankton and bacteria. The work was carried out before the International Maritime Organization (IMO) standard was agreed so only a broad indication of whether the results achieved the standard was given. For the zooplankton, the standard would have been achieved within 5 or 7 days but the phytoplankton results were inconclusive. The biological efficacy was the result of the combination of several factors, including the treatment, pump damage and an increase in the water temperature during the voyage.  相似文献   

Aeromonas veronii, a tributyltin (TBT)-degrading bacterium isolated from an estuarine environment, Ria de Aveiro in Portugal   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Cruz A  Caetano T  Suzuki S  Mendo S 《Marine environmental research》2007,64(5):639-650

Organotin compounds are used in a variety of industrial processes therefore their subsequent discharge into the environment is widespread. Bacteria play an important role in biogeochemical transformations acting as natural decontamination agents. Therefore, screening for tributyltin (TBT)-resistant and -degrading bacteria is relevant for the selection of isolates with decontamination ability of these polluted areas. With this purpose, 50 strains were isolated from sediment and water from Ria de Aveiro and their tolerance to TBT, up to 3mM, was evaluated. Generally, occurrence of highly TBT-resistant bacteria was observed, and Gram negative bacteria exhibited more tolerance to TBT than Gram positive bacteria. A memory response was observed when bacteria were progressively exposed to increasingly higher TBT concentrations. One isolate, Aeromonas veronii Av27, highly resistant to TBT (3mM) uses this compound as carbon source and degrades it to less toxic compounds.  相似文献   

Changes in body condition and fatty acid composition of wild Mediterranean horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus, Steindachner, 1868) associated to sea cage fish farms     

Fernandez-Jover D  Jimenez JA  Sanchez-Jerez P  Bayle-Sempere J  Casalduero FG  Lopez FJ  Dempster T 《Marine environmental research》2007,63(1):1-18

Net-cage fish farms attract a great number of wild fishes, altering their behaviour and possibly their physiology. Wild Mediterranean horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus), sampled from populations aggregated around two Mediterranean fish farms and from two natural control populations, were analyzed for differences in body condition, stomach content and fatty acid composition. Pellets used to feed caged fish in both farms were also analyzed to identify their relationship with the fatty acid composition of tissue of wild fish. T. mediterraneus aggregated around the farms throughout the year although large seasonal changes in abundance and biomass occurred. Wild fish aggregated at farms mainly ate food pellets while control fish fed principally on juvenile fish and cephalopods. Wild fish that fed around the cages had a significantly higher body fat content than the control fish (7.30+/-1.8% and 2.36+/-0.7%, respectively). The fatty acid composition also differed between farm-associated and control fish, principally because of the significantly increased levels of linoleic (C18:2omega6) and oleic (C18:1omega9) acids and decreased docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6omega3) in farm-associated fish. The increased condition of wild fish associated with farms could increase the spawning ability of coastal fish populations, if wild fish are protected from fishing while they are present at farms. The fatty acids compositions could also serve as biomarkers to infer the influence of a fish farm on the local fish community, helping to better describe the environmental impact of fish farming.  相似文献   

GMS-5卫星估计中国西部地区月降水   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘晓阳  T. D. DIALLO  毛节泰  李建通 《大气科学》2005,29(4):518-525

在气候降水数据集中, 中国西部地区的降水数据精度一直偏低, 如全球降水气候项目数据集(GPCP)数据1998年年平均相对误差在100°E以西达到100%以上, 由于这一地区人烟稀少, 缺少足够的地面雨量站, 极轨卫星时间覆盖率低, GMS静止卫星高度角偏低, 给这一地区的降水测量和估计带来困难.本文尝试将GOES卫星降水指数(GPI)算法拓展应用到这一区域, 同时, 为了消除卫星高度角偏低造成的影响, 利用当地气候资料, 引入相对湿度修正因子.结果表明, 用GMS静止卫星云图结合气候资料, 可以有效估计中  相似文献   

Ground water is not an educational priority     

Dickerson D  Callahan T 《Ground water》2006,44(3):323-323

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Acute toxicity of temporally varying seawater CO2 conditions on juveniles of Japanese sillago (Sillago japonica)     

Kikkawa T  Sato T  Kita J  Ishimatsu A 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,52(6):621-625

CO(2) ocean storage by which liquefied CO(2) is injected into the deep-sea to mitigate the climate change would increase the CO(2) concentrations of the surrounding seawater. The biological impacts of such dynamic CO(2) environments are, however, unknown. We examined the acute toxicity of temporally changing seawater CO(2) concentrations on juveniles of Sillago japonica. Step-wise increases in ambient CO(2) to fCO(2) (fractional CO(2) concentration of the gas mixture bubbled into seawater) levels of 7% and 9% resulted in mortalities of 0.15 and 0.40-0.67 after 18 h, respectively. In contrast, one-step increases to these CO(2) levels killed all fish within 15 min. Further, a sudden drop of fCO(2) from 9-10% CO(2) to normocapnia (0.038%) killed all the surviving fish within a few minutes. These results demonstrate that impacts of ocean CO(2) storage need to be examined under conditions mimicking the dynamic changes in CO(2) levels expected to occur by the CO(2) injection procedure.  相似文献