1nm锰矿相的金属阳离子交换能力的研究   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6  

钱江初  T.A.Mellin 《海洋学报》1996,18(4):56-62

人工合成的1nm锰矿相和铜、钴、镍等二价金属阳离子的交换实验表明,1nm锰矿相具有强烈的金属阳离子交换能力.正是这种金属阳离子的交换能力,使得大洋多金属结核大量地富集了铜、钴、镍等有价金属元素.1nm锰矿相对几种金属阳离子的交换的优先顺序为:Cu>Co>Zn≥Ni>Ca>Mg.多金属结核中镍的含量往往高于铜、钴、锌等元素,但在交换顺序中它却低于铜、钴、锌等,这种不一致性说明结核成矿后期的金属离子交换并非是有价金属结合进结核的唯一途径.多金属结核富含铜、钴、镍等有价金属可能是结核初始成矿和成矿后期金属离子交换等多种因素共同作用的结果.  相似文献   

Detection of DNA damage in mussels and sea urchins exposed to crude oil using comet assay     

Taban IC  Bechmann RK  Torgrimsen S  Baussant T  Sanni S 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):701-705

The single-cell microgel electrophoresis assay or the comet assay was used to evaluate DNA damage of dispersed crude oil on sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) and mussels (Mytilus edulis L.). Sea urchins were exposed to 0.06 and 0.25 mg/L dispersed crude oil in a continuous flow system, while the mussels were exposed to 0.015, 0.06 and 0.25 mg/L dispersed crude oil. Sea urchin coelomocytes and mussel haemocytes were sampled after 4 and 5 weeks exposure, respectively. In the sea urchin coelomocytes, there was a significant concentration-related increase in the percentage of DNA in comet tail. In mussel haemocytes, there was a significantly higher percentage of DNA in comet tail for all treatments compared to the control. The responses were concentration-related up to 0.06 mg/L oil. The two highest exposure concentrations of mussels were not significantly different from each other. These results indicate that the comet assay can be used for biomonitoring of DNA damage in marine invertebrates following oil contamination.  相似文献   

运城盆地11 kaBP以来气候环境变迁与湖面波动   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

吴艳宏  吴瑞金  王强  朱育新  潘红玺 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2001,21(2):83-86

通过黄土区湖泊沉积研究来恢复古气候、古环境，是对黄土区古气候、古环境研究的补充和检验。通过山西运城盆地硝地湖泊沉积物的多环境代用指标分析，结合史料记载，探讨了该地区11kaBP以来古气候演化和湖面波动的历史。结果表明，该地区存在YD（Younger Dryas）事件，进入全新世后气候有显著的趋势，最高湿润度发生在7．88－5．15和5kaBP后，气候逐渐变干，湖面波动与气候波动相关，全新世早期湖面开始上升，湖泊扩张，5kaBP后湖泊萎缩，盐类结晶析出。  相似文献   

长城湾,阿德雷湾沉积物中粘土矿物研究     

朱凤冠 《海洋学研究》1990,8(4):44-51

本文分析了采自南极长城湾、阿德雷湾的21个粘土矿物样品。X射线衍射分析、差热分析及化学分析表明,海区粘土矿物主要由蒙脱石(51～70％)、蒙脱石—伊利石、蒙脱石—绿泥石混层矿物(23～65％)、伊利石(16～42％)、绿泥石(7～17％,含蛭石)及高岭石(4～18％)组成。粘土矿物的分布,在长城湾内,以蒙脱石—伊利石混层矿物为主,在长城湾湾口区,则以蒙脱石为主。显然,这一特征受到物质来源及海湾地形的影响。海湾区粘土矿物主要来自毗连陆地玄武岩类的风化产物,伊利石主要来自邻近海域,以蒙脱石及其混层矿物为主的组合及其化学组成表明,海湾邻近陆地曾经历过较强的化学风化作用阶段。  相似文献   

渤海东部（华北地台）晚第四纪地层学与沉积环境     

Marss.  T 刘光威 《海洋地质前沿》1997,(3):12-14

  相似文献   

河口有孔虫的搬运作用及其古环境意义(Ⅱ)   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

汪品先  闵秋宝  卞云华  成鑫荣  朱晓东 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1986,(3)

五、河口有孔虫群的搬运与潮汐作用其实,在强烈水动力条件下,底栖有孔虫可以呈悬移状态搬运的事实,早已见诸文献.英国在英吉利海峡一带(Murray 1965;Murray et al.,1982),美国在加里福尼亚岸外(Lidz,1968;Loose,1970)等处,都报道了浮游样品中有底栖有孔虫出现.长江口与易北河口类似的发现,进一步说明了这种搬运作用在河口有孔虫埋葬群形成中所起的重要作用.潮汐河口的潮流可以使一定大小的有孔虫空壳泛起,甚至使固着不牢的小个体活有孔虫脱离基底、卷入潮流,然后搬运到水动力弱的地区与较细粒沉积物同时沉降堆积.相反,在河流或潮流强盛的粗粒沉积区,细小的壳体与细粒沉积物一起被冲刷而去,留下比较粗大的壳体.当然,下一次强烈的潮汛或者风暴,还可以将细粒沉积物中的壳体连同矿物颗粒一起重新掀起,发生再悬移作用,直到最终埋葬为止.上述长江口内洪水期与枯水期底质中有孔虫丰度与壳径的重大差异,肯定与这种再悬移作用造成的粒度再分配有关.但是无论如何,总是壳体与矿物颗粒一起发生分选,有孔虫壳径与沉积物粒径相应的发生变化.  相似文献   

长江河口三角洲区有孔虫沉降速度试验   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

朱晓东 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1990,10(3):47-58

作者对有孔虫壳体沉降速度进行了测试和研究,提出了不同属种有孔虫的壳径与沉降速度相关方程,引进了“当量直径”的概念,并用于长江口三角洲地层中的化石群,提出了解释潮汐河口有孔虫埋葬群的形成机理,从而定量的研究和辨别三角洲地层中的原地埋葬和异地埋葬化石群。  相似文献   

Multi-level assessment of chronic toxicity of estuarine sediments with the amphipod Gammarus locusta: II. Organism and population-level endpoints     

Costa FO  Neuparth T  Correia AD  Costa MH 《Marine environmental research》2005,60(1):93-110

This study aimed to test the performance of the amphipod Gammarus locusta (L.) in chronic sediment toxicity tests. It constitutes part of a multi-level assessment of chronic toxicity of estuarine sediments, integrating organism and population-level endpoints with biochemical markers responses. Here we account for organism and population-level effects, while biomarker responses were reported in a companion article. Five moderately contaminated sediments from Sado and Tagus estuaries were tested, comprising 3 muddy and 2 sandy sediments. These sediments either did not show acute toxicity or were diluted with control sediment as much as required to remove acute toxicity. Subsequent chronic tests consisted of 28-day exposures with survival, individual growth and reproductive traits as endpoints. Two of the muddy sediments induced higher growth rates in the amphipods, and improved reproductive traits. This was understood to be a consequence of the amount of organic matter in the sediment, which was nutritionally beneficial to the amphipods, while concurrently decreasing contaminant bioavailability. Biomarker responses did not reveal toxicant-induced stress in amphipods exposed to these sediments. One of the sandy sediments was acutely toxic at 50% dilution, but in contrast stimulated amphipod growth when diluted 75%. This was presumed to be an indication of a hormetic response. Finally the two remaining contaminated sediments showed pronounced chronic toxicity, affecting survival and reproduction. The sex ratio of survivors was highly biased towards females, and offspring production was severely impaired. The particulars of the responses of this amphipod were examined, as well as strengths versus limitations of the sediment test. This study illustrates the utility of this chronic test for toxicity assessment of contaminated estuarine sediments, with potential application all along Atlantic Europe.  相似文献   

长江中下游湖泊沉积物铅污染记录——以洪湖、固城湖和太湖为例   总被引：13，自引：8，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

姚书春  薛滨  朱育新  夏威岚  李世杰 《第四纪研究》2008,28(4):659-666

2002～2005年在长江中下游的洪湖、固城湖和太湖分别采集了沉积物柱样钻孔,测定了总有机碳（TOC）和金属元素包括Pb,Al,Fe,Ti等,并采用²¹⁰Pb和¹³⁷Cs进行了近代沉积物定年。研究结果表明,洪湖钻孔平均沉积速率为0.15cm/a,固城湖平均沉积速率在0.067cm/a,太湖平均沉积速率为0.35～0.41cm/a。根据湖泊沉积物中铅元素与参考元素（Al,Fe和Ti）浓度和TOC的相关关系建立了回归方程,线性关系极显著（p<0.001）。根据回归方程获取了钻孔中铅的背景值变化,研究表明近代沉积物中金属铅不仅仅来源于自然的作用,而人类活动导致铅的累积发生时间都在20世纪70年代,从一个侧面也说明利用沉积物铅含量变化进行断代存在可能性。对太湖钻孔而言,其污染程度要高于洪湖和固城湖。研究结果表明近30年来洪湖和固城湖人为造成湖泊沉积物铅累积量在不断增加,其沉积物铅污染有进一步加重的趋势,应受到科学家和管理部门的关注。  相似文献   

应用改进并行遗传算法反求水文地质参数研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孔祥龙  朱国荣  江思珉 《高校地质学报》2008,14(1):126-132

利用单纯形法局部搜索速度快和遗传算法全局寻优的特点,同时为了克服两种方法各自的弊病,提出采用混合单纯形技术的并行遗传算法(Hybrid Simplex Parallel Genetic Algorithm,SPGA)进行水文地质逆问题的求解。详细阐述了SPGA算法的具体操作和实现,并将该方法应用于水源地的地下水模拟反演中。计算结果表明,SPGA算法在水文地质参数寻优计算中具有比较好的可靠性和计算效率。  相似文献