Evaluating prey capture by larval mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) as a potential biomarker for contaminants     

Weis JS  Samson J  Zhou T  Skurnick J  Weis P 《Marine environmental research》2003,55(1):27-38

We evaluated larval prey capture as a "behavioral biomarker" of contamination by examining feeding behavior of larval mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) from many different sites, including a severely contaminated "Superfund" site, moderately contaminated sites, and reference areas. Prey capture ability was related to sediment contaminant levels. The levels of contaminants at a site were highly correlated with each other, so that the impact of individual contaminants was confounded. The number of captures of brine shrimp by mummichog larvae from all sites was highly variable, but significant negative correlations of prey capture were seen with mercury, lead, zinc, cadmium, and PCBs. As observed previously with adults, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) did not appear to impair prey capture ability. The only site in which prey capture rates of 8-day old larvae were severely affected was the most highly contaminated Superfund site, Berry's Creek, NJ. This implies that larval prey capture is not as sensitive a behavioral biomarker for contamination as adult behavior studied previously.  相似文献   

水产学和海洋学必须结合          下载免费PDF全文

T.帕森兹  周秋麟 《海洋开发与管理》1988,(3):25-28

T.帕森兹教授任职于加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省立大学,又是我国国家海洋局第三研究所的兼职研究员。T.帕森兹教授撰写的专著《生物海洋学过程》对生物海洋学的发展起到积极的推动作用。本文是T.帕森兹教授专为本刊撰写的。文中对水产科学吸收海洋学知识,海洋学应用于水产科学,从而达到发展水产业,保护海洋资源的目的,提出了一个发人深省的问题。  相似文献   

甲烷厌氧氧化作用和白云石形成的关系     

T．S．Moore陆红锋  廖志良 《海洋地质》2005,(2):46-57

我们研究了有机质降解、甲烷厌氧氧化(AMO)与硫酸盐亏损之间的关系，并探讨了这些过程影响和控制白云石化作用的机理。利用ODP175航次在西非大陆边缘若干个富集有机质的站位中的研究数据，我们确定了AMO发生的深度和反应速率与白云石形成之间的联系。本研究根据CH4和SO4^2-的在沉积物中的扩散通量计算了AMO的反应速率以及根据Mg离子的扩散通量计算了白云石形成速率。研究表明，白云石的形成速率相对比较稳定，不随其形成的深度而变化，这显示了Mg、Ca离子扩散通量不会受到深度的限制。根据计算的logIAP值，我们得出白云石的logKsp值在-16．1～-16．4这样一个狭窄的范围。白云石的形成部分受甲烷厌氧氧化作用(AMO)和甲烷生成作用相互竞争的控制，这两个作用控制着流体中溶解a32的种类。通过硫酸盐的还原作用，沉积物中AMO过程增加了环境中CO3^2-的浓度，有利于白云石的形成，而甲烷生成作用增加沉积物中孔隙水的CO2的活度，抑制了白云石的沉淀。甲烷生成作用和AMO作用一起控制着沉积环境中CO2和碱度，从而决定了富含有机质的海洋沉积物中白云石的形成。此外，我们建立了在AMO作用和白云石形成机理之间存在的关系模式，运用这种模式，可以计算现代海洋沉积物中白云石的稳定常数，并且可以预计白云石形成区域和深度。  相似文献   

Using trace elements in skin to discriminate the populations of minke whales in southern hemisphere     

Kunito T  Watanabe I  Yasunaga G  Fujise Y  Tanabe S 《Marine environmental research》2002,53(2):175-197

Concentrations of 12 trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Cd, Cs, Ba, and Hg) were determined in liver and skin tissues of minke whales from various regions within the Antarctic Ocean. Cd concentrations in livers of southern minke whale were apparently higher than those in cetaceans from other regions, while Hg concentrations were lower. There were significant positive correlations between body length and concentrations of Cd and Hg in the liver. The concentrations of all trace elements in the skin were lower than those in other cetaceans reported previously. Significant positive correlations between liver and skin were found for Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Rb, Cd, and Cs, implying that the concentrations of these trace elements in the skin reflect those of internal organs. Large interannual variation of the accumulation pattern of trace elements in the skin was observed for the southern minke whales from Area V. There were significant differences in the skin element concentrations among Areas III, IV, and V, especially for males. Also, discriminant analysis between geographically two different groups collected during 1995/1996 austral summer season, based on the concentrations of trace elements in the skin, allowed for a correct classification of 90% of these minke whales. These results suggest that measurement of trace elements in skin samples could provide valuable information on the status of contamination and possible geographic differences in the accumulation levels in southern minke whales.  相似文献   

Identification of the multidrug resistance-associated protein (mrp) related gene in red mullet (Mullus barbatus)     

Sauerborn R  Polancec DS  Zaja R  Smital T 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):199-204

Multixenobiotic resistance mechanism (MXR) in aquatic organisms is mediated by the activity of the P-glycoprotein (Pgp) transporter that binds and actively effluxes different chemicals out of cell. In addition to the Pgp, several other, non-Pgp transport proteins have been recently identified in different human and animal tissues. Given their characteristics and tissue distribution we hypothesized that members of the so-called multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) family may be expressed in aquatic organisms. This study attempted to identify MRP related genes in different tissues of several marine and freshwater bivalves (Mytilus galloprovincialis, Dreissena polymorpha, Anodonta cygnea) and fish species (Mullus barbatus, Cyprinus carpio, Salmo trutta). Following an alignment of known MRP1 and MRP2 human sequences, as well as the GenBank available mrp2 sequences from different animals, we determined highly conserved regions and used them to design three pairs of consensus primers. Total RNA was isolated, reverse transcribed to cDNA and the obtained cDNAs were PCR amplified with the corresponding primers. The amplified PCR products were sequenced and their homology compared with Pgp and MRP protein sequences from different species. The expression of MRP related mRNA was clearly identified only in liver tissue isolated from red mullet, with homologies at the protein level ranging from 75% to 76%. Described results clearly pointed at the possibility that at least in the red mullet MXR as a general defense mechanism may be mediated by the activities of at least two different types of transport proteins.  相似文献   

加强海洋生态环境保护 促进海水养殖业可持续发展——关于江苏省东台市海洋环境保护工作的调查报告          下载免费PDF全文

朱晓平  臧生群  曹球 《海洋开发与管理》2005,22(4):72-75

为了进一步贯彻落实《海域使用管理法》,全面提高对海域的综合管理能力,推进海洋事业在国民经济和社会发展中的地位与作用,国家海洋局海域管理司与《海洋开发与管理》杂志社联合开展“海域使用管理”有奖征文活动。从本期开始,征文将陆续在本刊“海域使用管理专栏”中刊登。  相似文献   

Spatial distribution of persistent organochlorines in ringed seal (Phoca hispida) blubber     

Severinsen T  Skaare JU  Lydersen C 《Marine environmental research》2000,49(3):291-302

Blubber samples, taken through the entire blubber column, were collected from three different anatomical locations on ringed seals (Phoca hispida). The outer and inner layers of these samples were analysed for concentrations of sigma PCBs (sum of the analysed congeners, polychlorinated biphenyls) and p,p'-DDE (4,4'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene). No significant differences were found in blubber thickness or in per cent extractable lipid when comparing age- and sex-groups, or in extractable lipid content when comparing anatomical locations of the blubber or blubber depth. No significant differences were found between the three different anatomical locations with respect to the concentrations of sigma PCBs or p,p'-DDE. However, the concentrations of both sigma PCB and p,p'-DDE were significantly higher in the outer blubber layer compared to the inner. Higher levels of both sigma PCB and p,p'-DDE were found in males compared to females and juveniles in both the inner and outer parts of the blubber column. The most commonly used blubber sampling devices are biopsy tools that penetrate only the outer layer of the blubber. Analyses of such samples will not reflect the real body burden of organochlorines. Standard methods for sampling blubber of marine mammals should be developed so that comparative studies and longitudinal monitoring programs of pollutants in marine mammals can be conducted in a meaningful way.  相似文献   

第四纪海平面变化对一个沉积盆地沉降作用的影响：日本大阪湾沉积盆地 …     

Yamas.  T  方孝悌 《海洋地质译丛》1997,(4):66-72

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The impact of oestrogenic and androgenic contamination on marine organisms in the United Kingdom--summary of the EDMAR programme. Endocrine Disruption in the Marine Environment     

Matthiessen P  Allen Y  Bamber S  Craft J  Hurst M  Hutchinson T  Feist S  Katsiadaki I  Kirby M  Robinson C  Scott S  Thain J  Thomas K 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5):645-649

This paper summarises results of the EDMAR programme which is investigating oestrogenic and androgenic endocrine disruption in UK coastal waters. Most of the data concern fish. Four species (flounder, viviparous blenny and two sand gobies) are experiencing feminisation in industrialised estuaries. In males this includes vitellogenin (VTG) synthesis, ovotestis induction and/or feminised sexual characteristics. Although reproductive success may be impaired in some cases, implications for fish populations are still unclear. Suspected causative contaminants include natural oestrogenic substances and synthetic oestrogen mimics. The majority of the oestrogenic activity is adsorbed to sediments, and routes of exposure may include benthic food chain transfer. Some natural androgenic substances are also being discharged to estuaries, but their activity appears low.  相似文献   

海洋发光细菌快速测定四环素效价的方法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

朱文杰  杨颐康 《海洋科学》1985,9(1):48-51

目前用微生物测定抗菌素的效价很费时,操作也较繁琐。四环素效价的测定亦然。我们的试验证实,四环素对明亮发光杆菌(Photobseterium Phosphoreum)A_2的发光的影响是在低浓度时刺激发光,较高浓度时抑制发光,在短时间內,所用的四环素浓度跟抑制发  相似文献