Acute toxicity of temporally varying seawater CO2 conditions on juveniles of Japanese sillago (Sillago japonica)     

Kikkawa T  Sato T  Kita J  Ishimatsu A 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,52(6):621-625

CO(2) ocean storage by which liquefied CO(2) is injected into the deep-sea to mitigate the climate change would increase the CO(2) concentrations of the surrounding seawater. The biological impacts of such dynamic CO(2) environments are, however, unknown. We examined the acute toxicity of temporally changing seawater CO(2) concentrations on juveniles of Sillago japonica. Step-wise increases in ambient CO(2) to fCO(2) (fractional CO(2) concentration of the gas mixture bubbled into seawater) levels of 7% and 9% resulted in mortalities of 0.15 and 0.40-0.67 after 18 h, respectively. In contrast, one-step increases to these CO(2) levels killed all fish within 15 min. Further, a sudden drop of fCO(2) from 9-10% CO(2) to normocapnia (0.038%) killed all the surviving fish within a few minutes. These results demonstrate that impacts of ocean CO(2) storage need to be examined under conditions mimicking the dynamic changes in CO(2) levels expected to occur by the CO(2) injection procedure.  相似文献   

浙江花岗岩的工程岩石学研究     

MoustafaElOmella C.A.Tang T.Xu 《地质与资源》2005,14(3):176-180

对浙江省花岗岩的岩相学特征及力学性质进行了研究以确定它们之间的关系.矿物学研究显示出花岗岩的交代蚀变特征,这可以反映在岩石的力学性质上.岩石材料的物理性质决定其工程学性质,在相关定量参数确定的情况下,可以预测岩石材料的工程学性质.镜下观察、硬度、密度、孔隙度及点负荷强度均可作为所研究花岗岩的定量参数.上述每个因素都可提供岩石工程学的可靠预测.岩石的物理性质受岩石成分及蚀变状态控制,而岩石的工程学性质和力学特征是其物理性质的函数.  相似文献   

Trace and rare-earth element geochemistry： A tool for petrogenetic and geotectonic modeling of ensimatic ortho-amphibolites from Pan-African belt of Obudu Plateau, Southeastern Nigeria     

Ukaegbu V.U.  Beka F.T. 《中国地球化学学报》2009,28(1):19-27

A model for the petrogenetic affinity and original geotectonic setting of ortho-amphibolites from the Obudu Plateau was tested using the distribution patterns of trace and rare-earth elements from the geochemical analyses of twelve representative amphibolite samples. Discrimination plots, normalized patterns of the incompatible trace elements against average MORB, low ratios of Ba/Nb (9–23) and Ba/Ta (130–327) and other geochemical characteristics suggest that the protoliths were dominantly of tholeiitic MO...  相似文献   

Rare-earth and trace element imprints on the origin and tectonic setting of gabbro-diorite complex in the Pan-African belt of Southeast Obudu Plateau,Nigeria     

Ukaegbu V.U.  Beka F.T. 《中国地球化学学报》2009,28(3):239-247

A gabbro-diorite plutonic complex from the Southeast Obudu Plateau, representing limited volumes of magma, was studied for its trace and rare-earth element characteristics, in an attempt to document its genetic and geodynamic history. Geochemical studies indicate that the gabbro samples are characterized by variable concentrations and low averages of such index elements as Cr (40×10-6–200×10-6; av. 80×10-6), Ni (40×10-6–170×10-6; 53.33×10-6) and Zr (110×10-6–240×10-6; 116.67×10-6); variable and high average...  相似文献   

俄勒冈州喀斯喀特山区2001年12月13日气旋风暴分析     

Christopher P. Woods  Mark T. Stoelinga  Johnd. Locatelli  Peter V. Hobbs  陈跃  陈添宇 《干旱气象》2008,26(3):82-94

2001年12月13—14日,一个强劲的气旋风暴影响了西北太平洋地区,在俄勒冈州喀斯喀特山区产生了强地形降水。这个风暴是“改进微物理参数的观测验证试验（Improvement of Microphysical Parameterization through Observational Verification Experiment,IMPROVE）”第二阶段外场研究的气旋风暴之一。在风暴移过俄勒冈州喀斯喀特山区期间,获得了大量的实测和遥感探测数据,形成了由气象状态参数（温、压、湿、风向风速和垂直气流速度）、极化多普勒雷达探测数据和云微物理参数（云液态水、粒子浓度、粒子谱及图像）组成的完整数据库。12月13—14日的过程具有对流层底层前倾锋演变的特点,锋面向前上方伸展到了强烈发展的高空冷锋雨带中,云发展到了8～9km的高度。与以前华盛顿喀斯喀特山区分析的风暴重要差别是,这个风暴在俄勒冈州喀斯喀特山上空的锋前低层气流是与弱东风气流相反的强西风爬山气流。结果当高空冷锋雨带过境时,在高空产生了大量冰晶的同时在低层地形抬升地区又产生了丰富的液态水。机载实测、地基微波辐射计观测以及雪晶观测证实,同时存在高冰晶浓度和高空相对大的云水含量,地面冰晶凇附也严重。分析表明,锋面和地形的相互促进作用使降水得到了增强。  相似文献   

三水盆地古近系湖相沉积岩的氧、碳同位素地球化学记录及其环境意义   总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12  

刘春莲  Franz T Fürsich  白雁  杨小强  李国强 《沉积学报》2004,22(1):36-40

三水盆地古近系莘庄组顶部至土布心组红岗段的全岩碳酸盐稳定同位素分析结果表明其形成期间经历了多次环境变迁。根据碳酸盐氧、碳同位素比值及其相互关系的变化,可识别三次海水入侵期。其时δ18O值大幅度向正值漂移。而由于受有机质降解的影响,相应时期的δ13 C均表现为低值。在不直接受海洋影响的湖相沉积阶段,δ18O与δ13 C的相关程度虽然未达到典型的封闭型湖泊水平,但仍呈现一定的正相关变化 (r =0.6 5 ),表明其湖水滞留时间较长。而频繁出现的石膏薄层沉积也指示湖盆的封闭性较好。这些均表明这一时期的三水盆地可能是一周期性封闭型湖泊。其稳定同位素组成主要受制于蒸发量/降雨量平衡的变化。而δ13 C比值往往还受有机质活动的控制,更多的是反映有机质生产力、埋藏与降解率。  相似文献   

基于B/S跨平台网上地理数据维护引擎的开发     

王韩波  T．K．Yu 《地球信息科学学报》2004,6(3):34-37

本文以网上地理数据维护为主线,分析了目前WebGIS应用的优缺点,阐述了基于B/S结构的跨平台网上地理数据维护系统的开发思路和具体应用模式。  相似文献   

Triassic Epithermal Au and Porphyry Related Cu-Mo Mineralization of the Chatree Deposit, Central Thailand     

L. Tangwattananukul  D. Ishiyam  O. Matsubay  H. Sato  K. Shin  T. Nakano 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z2):740-742

Please refer to the attachment(s) for more details  相似文献   

Remote sensing and GIS application in the detection of environmental degradation indicators   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Hadeel A S  Mushtak T Jabbar 《地球空间信息科学学报》2011,14(1):39-47

The main aim of this research is to highlight the environment change indicators during the last 20 years in a representa-tive area of the southern part of Iraq(Basrah Province was taken as a case) to understand the main causes which led to widespread environment degradation phenomena using a 1:250000 mapping scale.Remote sensing and GIS’s software were used to classify Landsat TM in 1990 and Landsat ETM+ in 2003 imagery into five land use and land cover(LULC) classes:vegetation land,sand land,urban area,unused land,and water bodies.Supervised classification and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),Normalized Difference Build-up Index(NDBI),Normalized Difference Water Index(NDWI),Normalized Difference Salinity In-dex(NDSI),and Topsoil Grain Size Index(GSI) were adopted in this research and used respectively to retrieve its class boundary.The results showed a clear deterioration in vegetative cover(514.9 km2) and an increase of sand dune accumulations(438.6 km2),accounting for 10.1,and 10.6 percent,respectively,of the total study area.In addition,a decrease in the water bodies’ area was de-tected(228.9 km2).Sand area accumulations had increased in the total study area,with an annual increasing expansion rate of(33.7 km2·yr·1) during the thirteen years covered by the study.It is therefore imperative that Iraqi government undertake a series of pru-dent actions now that will enable to be in the best possible position when the current environmental crisis ultimately passes.  相似文献   

Systematic study of effects of pH and ionic strength on attachment of phage PRD1     

Sadeghi G  Schijven JF  Behrends T  Hassanizadeh SM  Gerritse J  Kleingeld PJ 《Ground water》2011,49(1):12-19

Objectives of this work are to investigate effects of pH and ionic strength (IS) on virus transport in saturated soil and to develop a quantitative relationship for these effects. A series of 50-cm column experiments with clean quartz sand under saturated conditions and with pH values of 5, 6, 7, 8, and IS values of 1, 10, and 20 mM were conducted. Bacteriophage PRD1 was used as a model virus. Applying a one-site kinetic model, attachment, detachment, and inactivation rate coefficients were determined from fitting breakthrough curves using the software package Hydrus-1D. Attachment rate coefficients increased with decreasing pH and increasing IS, in agreement with DLVO theory. Sticking efficiencies were calculated from the attachment rate coefficients and used to develop an empirical formula for sticking efficiency as a function of pH and IS. This relationship is applicable under unfavorable conditions for virus attachment. We compared sticking efficiencies predicted by the empirical formula with those from field and column experiments. Within the calibrated range of pH and IS, the predicted and observed sticking efficiencies are in reasonable agreement for bacteriophages PRD1 and MS2. However, the formula significantly overestimates sticking efficiencies for IS higher than 100 mM. In addition, it performs less well for viruses with different surface reactivity than PRD1 and MS2. Effects of pH and IS on detachment and inactivation rate coefficients were also investigated but the experimental results do not allow constraining these parameters with sufficient certainty.  相似文献