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中国地下水资源系统三级分区及其在海河流域的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
地表水与地下水是水资源系统中的两个重要组成部分,由于水体在地表与地下介质中的运移和储存方式不同,在水资源评价中所采用的模型和计算方法各异。中国第一轮水资源评价中,仅全国地下水资源总量一项,不同部门评价计算的结果年资源总量差达1000×108m3/a[1](占全国地下水资源总量的1/8左右),这个数据相当于中国正在组织实施的南水北调工程的总调水量的一倍以上。作者认为在中国第一轮水资源评价中,地表水采用流域分区进行评价,地下水则采用水文地质单元的分区方法进行评价,是引起中国水资源总量误差问题的根本原因。由于自然界的四水转化关系十分复杂,分别采用地表水流域评价法或水文地质单元评价法,都无法避免水资源总量评价的误差问题。论文通过研究提出中国水资源三级评价分区方案,在地下水资源量评价中采用一二级按流域分区与地表水系统取得一致,三级按地下水单元分区的方法,解决中国新一轮水资源评价的误差问题。 相似文献
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对ODP(大洋钻探Ocean Drilling Program)204航次在水合物海岭南峰钻取的1245B、1249C、1251B和1252A孔岩心进行磁学分析,结合自生黄铁矿集合体结果探讨沉积物中的铁硫化物的磁学特征及其与甲烷渗漏、水合物赋存的关系。结果表明：4个钻孔岩心中磁性矿物含量总体不高,主要为中、低矫顽力的软磁性矿物,载磁矿物为亚铁磁性的磁铁矿、胶黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿。沉积物中自生黄铁矿是甲烷厌氧氧化(AOM)作用下硫酸盐还原的主要产物,减缓了磁性矿物含量、颗粒大小差异对χARM、HIRM和SIRM/χ的影响,加大了χ/χARM、ARM/SIRM对磁性矿物含量的敏感度。自生黄铁矿集合体含量随深度的变化可能反映古代AOM活动。在甲烷渗漏、水合物赋存背景下,胶黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿的赋存可能是局部与水合物相关的氧化还原作用产物,也可能是早更新世末、中更新世以来某一时期硫酸盐甲烷转换带(SMTZ)快速上移的产物。早更新世沉积层内连续的胶黄铁矿沉积反映了孔隙水中HS-不足的还原成岩环境,与甲烷渗漏、水合物的赋存无关。 相似文献
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"Migration and employment characteristics are compared for two intermediate-sized cities in Southeast Asia: Cebu, the Philippines, and Medan, Indonesia. Using samples of household interviews as a source of information, the basic characteristics of migrant heads of household in the two cities are examined. In addition the nature of the employment and the search for employment are analyzed and contrasted." 相似文献
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We present moderate-resolution (lambda/delta lambda = 300 to 370) reflectance spectra of Mars from 2.04 to 2.44 micrometers that were obtained at UKIRT during the 1993 opposition. Seven narrow absorption features were detected and found to have a Mars origin. By comparison with solar and Mars atmospheric spectra, five of these features were attributed all or in part to Mars atmospheric CO2 or CO(2.052 +/- 0.003, 2.114 +/- 0.002, 2.150 +/- 0.003, 2.331 +/- 0.001, and 2.357 +/- 0.002 micrometers). Two of the bands (2.331 +/- 0.001 and 2.357 +/- 0.002 micrometers) appear to have widths and depths that are consistent with additional, nonatmospheric absorptions, although a solar contribution cannot be entirely ruled out. Two other weak bands centered at 2.278 +/- 0.002 and 2.296 +/- 0.002 micrometers may be at least partially mineralogic in origin. The data provide no conclusive identification of the mineralogy responsible for these absorption features. However, examination of terrestrial spectral libraries and previous moderate spectral resolution mineral studies indicates that the most likely origin of these features is either (bi)carbonate or (bi)sulfate anions in framework silicates or (Fe, Mg)-OH bonds in sheet silicates. If the bands are caused by phyllosilicate minerals, then an explanation must be found for the extremely narrow widths of the cation-OH features in the Mars spectra as compared to terrestrial minerals. 相似文献
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把由A.H.Murphy提出的技术得分分解方法和一直用于人的判断研究方面的分解相关系数的技术结合起来就能估计出预报技术的几个组成分量.相关系数的分解要求知道预报员所用的信息或“线索”.当线索已知时,就可能对不确定性、预报员的连贯性和线索利用等作用作出估计. 相似文献
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