Geochemical facies model of ore formation in the Grythyttan-Hällefors area,Bergslagen, Central Sweden     

Dr. Marek A. Zakrzewski 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1982,71(1):195-205

The different iron and manganese ore deposits of the Grythyttan-Hällefors area display an arrangement that reflects a systematic change in redox conditions from oxidic banded iron formation into highly reduced graphite-bearing slates. This phenomenon is explained by a facies model. The different environmental conditions are also held to be responsible for the geochemical differentiation of base metal deposits into Cu ores associated with minerals of Bi, Co, Mo, As, Zn, Pb, Au, and Pb-Zn-Ag ores associated with minerals of Sb, Mn, As, Sn, Cu. Spatial relationships between deposits of these two groups and certain iron and manganese deposits point to a common source of all metals, possibly connected with exhalative derivates from basic volcanism.

---

Zusammenfassung Die verschiedenen Eisen- und Manganerz-Bildungen des Grythyttan-Hällefors-Gebietes zeigen Verhältnisse auf, die einem systematischen Wechsel der Redoxbedingungen wiedergeben, von oxidischer Bändereisenerzbildung bis hin zu stark reduzierten graphitführenden Schiefern. Dieses Phänomen wird durch ein Fazies-Modell erklärt. Die unterschiedlichen Milieu-Bedingungen werden auch als Ursache für die geochemische Diferentiation unedler Metall-Ablagerungen in Cu-Erze angesehen, die mit Mineralien assoziiert sind, die Bi, Co, Mo, As, Zn, Pb, Au führen und in Pb-Zn-Ag-Erze in Verbindung mit Sb-, Mn-, As-, Sn- und Cu-führenden Mineralien. Die räumlichen Beziehungen zwischen Ablagerungen dieser zwei Gruppen und gewissen Eisen- und Mangan-Bildungen weisen auf eine gemeinsame Quelle aller Metalle hin, die möglicherweise mit exhalativen Derivaten eines basischen Vulkanismus in Verbindung steht.

---

Résumé Les différents gisements de minerais de Fe et Mn de la région de Grythyttan-Hällefors montrent une disposition qui réflète un changement systématique dans les ernolitions de réduction des formations rubanées de fer oxydé en phyllades graphiteux. Ce phénomène s'explique suivant un modèle faciétal. Les différentes conditions de l'environnement sont ainsi rendues responsables de la différentiation géochimique des gisements métallifères de base en minerais de Cu associés à des minéraux de Bi, Co, Mo, As, Zn, Pb, Au et des minerais de Pb-Zn-Ag associés à des minéraux de Sb, Mn, As, Sn, Cu. Des relations spatiales entre les gisements de ces deux groupes et certains gisements de Fe et Mn indiquent une source commune pour tous les métaux, en liaison possible avec des émanations du volcanisme basique.

---

Grythyttan-Hällefors , - : , , - . . , , Bi, , Mo, As, Zn, Pb, Au, , — , Sb, Mn, As, Sn, . , , , .

  相似文献   

In memoriam: Henri Kampunzu (1952–2004)     

Sospeter Muhongo  Jean-Paul Liegeois  Steve McCourt  Sadrack Felix Toteu  Estella Atekwana  Patrick G. Eriksson  Marek Wendorff   《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2004,40(5):195

  相似文献   

Magnetic activity and evolution of Algol-type stars – II     

Marek J. Sarna  Sinan K. Yerli  & Alexander G. Muslimov 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,297(3):760-768

We examine the possibility of probing dynamo action in mass-losing stars, components of Algol-type binaries. Our analysis is based on the calculation of non-conservative evolution of these systems. We model the systems U Sge and β Per where the more massive companion fills its Roche lobe at the main sequence (case AB) and where it has a small helium core (early case B) respectively. We show that to maintain evolution of these systems at the late stages which are presumably driven by stellar 'magnetic braking', an efficient mechanism for producing large-scale surface magnetic fields in the donor star is needed. We discuss the relevance of dynamo operation in the donor star to the accelerated mass transfer during the late stages of evolution of Algol-type binaries. We suggest that the observed X-ray activity in Algol-type systems may be a good indicator of their evolutionary status and internal structure of the mass-losing stellar components.  相似文献   

Fuzzy slope stability method     

Marek Kacewicz 《Mathematical Geosciences》1987,19(8):757-767

  相似文献   

Book review     

Katharine Kadinsky-Cade  Edo Nyland  Philip England  Marek Lewandowski  Kacper R. Rybicki  Maria Jelenska  Ursula B. Marvin  Earle R. Williams  David S. Gutzler 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1989,130(4):751-779

  相似文献   

Model-free estimation of fracture aperture with neural networks     

Marek Kacewicz 《Mathematical Geology》1994,26(8):985-994

The feedforward backpropagation technique provides a model-free estimation with neural networks. The algorithm was used to estimate fracture aperture of natural fractures in three dimensional space. A three-layer neural network with at least 5 nodes in a hidden layer was trained on a data set consisting of formation imaging microscanner logs (FMS)from horizontal boreholes. Sensitivity studies were performed to account for the rate of learning convergence, convergence to local error minima, etc. Among the factors contributing mostly to the overall good or bad performance of the network, the following are worth mentioning: number of data points, data spacing, and data variability. It is shown that a smoothing operation applied to aperture data along the wellbore often helps to reduce disorientation of the network and to switch from oscillations or chaotic jumps to convergence.  相似文献   

LEO GPS attitude determination algorithm for a micro-satellite using boom-arm deployed antennas     

Marek Ziebart  Paul Cross 《GPS Solutions》2003,6(4):242-256

This paper describes a low earth orbiter micro-satellite attitude determination algorithm using GPS phase and pseudorange data as the only observables. It is designed to run in real-time, at a rate of 10 Hz, on-board the spacecraft, using minimal chip and memory resources. The spacecraft design includes four GPS antennas deployed on boom arms to improve the antenna separations. The boom arms feature smart sensors, from which time-varying deformation data are used to calculate changes in the body-fixed system (BFS) co-ordinates of the attitude antennas. These data are used as input to the attitude algorithm to improve the accuracy of the output. The conventional double-difference phase observation equations have been re-arranged so that the only unknown parameters in the functions (once the ambiguities have been determined) are the spacecraft Euler angles. This greatly increases the redundancy in the mathematical model, and is exploited to enhance the algorithm's ability to trap observations contaminated by unmodelled multipath. This approach has been shown to be successful in identifying phase outliers at the 5–10 mm level. Speed of execution of the program is improved by utilising numerical differentiation of the model equations in the linearisation process. Furthermore, as the number of solve-for parameters is reduced to three by the chosen mathematical model, matrix inversion requirements are minimised. A novel approach to ambiguity resolution and determination of initial estimates of the attitude parameters has been developed utilising a heuristic technique and the known, and time varying, BFS co-ordinates of the antenna array. Algorithm testing is based on a simulation of the micro-satellite trajectory combined with variations in attitude derived from spin-stabilisation and periodic roll and pitch parameters. The trajectory of the spacecraft centre of mass was calculated by numerical integration of a force model using Earth gravity field parameters, third body effects due to the Sun and the Moon, dynamic Earth tide effects (solar and lunar), and a solar radiation pressure model. Frame transformations between J2000 and ITRF97 used the IERS conventions. A similar approach was used to calculate the trajectories of all available GPS satellites during the same period, using initial conditions of position and velocity from IGS precise orbits. RMS differences between the published precise orbit and the integrated satellite positions were at the 5-mm level. Phase observables are derived from these trajectories, biased by simulation of receiver and satellite clock errors, cycle slips, random or systematic noise and initial integer ambiguities. In the actual simulation of the attitude determination process in orbit, GPS satellite positions are calculated using broadcast ephemerides. The results show that the aim of 0.05° (two sigma) attitude precision can be met provided that the phase noise can be reduced to the level of 1–2 mm. Attitude precision was found to vary strongly with constellation geometry, which can change quite rapidly depending on the variations in spacecraft attitude. The redundancy in the mathematical model was found to be very effective in trapping and isolating cycle slips to the double difference observations that are contaminated. This allows for the possibility of correcting for cycle slips without full recourse to the ambiguity resolution algorithm. Electronic Publication  相似文献   

The physical environment of Kongsfjorden–Krossfjorden, an Arctic fjord system in Svalbard     

Harald Svendsen  Agnieszka Beszczynska-Møller  Jon Ove Hagen  Bernard Lefauconnier  Vigdis Tverberg  Sebastian Gerland  Jon Børre Ørbøk  Kai Bischof  Carlo Papucci  Marek Zajaczkowski  Roberto Azzolini  Oddbjørn Bruland  Christian Wiencke  Jan-Gunnar Winther  Winfried Dallmann 《Polar research》2002,21(1):133-166

  相似文献   

A dendroclimatological study of east- and west-facing slopes in mountainous areas subjected to strong air pollution (the Sudetes,Central Europe)     

Magdalena Opała-Owczarek  Marek Błaś  Mieczysław Sobik  Michał Godek 《自然地理学》2019,40(2):186-208

The Sudetes Mountains (Central Europe) were under a particularly intense long-term air pollution load during the 1970s and 1980s. Intense industrial activity in this area led to large-scale forest dieback and reductions in tree growth rates, potentially limiting the use of tree-ring data from this region in dendroclimatic research. In this paper, ring-width chronologies were constructed for 493 Norway spruce trees (Picea abies L. Karst.) from 17 sampling sites within five major mountain ranges in the Sudetes Mountains of Poland. Growth-climate response data indicate that April?July temperatures are the main factor affecting radial growth of trees in the study area. Our data also indicate the strong influence of slope aspect on temperature signal strength. The lowest correlation values were obtained for sites located on western slopes with effective fog deposition, which are strongly affected by pollution. An appropriate sampling strategy resulted in the creation of a temperature-sensitive proxy record (rAMJJ = 0.70), exceptional for areas under strong pressure from human activity. Based on a regional master chronology, growing season (April?July) temperatures over the past 200 years were then reconstructed. Four warm and four cold periods were distinguished and compared with other reconstructions and long-term instrumental data.  相似文献   

What do parameterized Om(z) diagnostics tell us in light of recent observations?     

Jing-Zhao Qi  Shuo Cao  Marek Biesiada  Teng-Peng Xu  Yan Wu  Si-Xuan Zhang  Zong-Hong Zhu 《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2018,(6)

In this paper, we propose a new parametrization for Om(z) diagnostics and show how the most recent and significantly improved observations concerning the H(z) and SN Ia measurements can be used to probe the consistency or tension between the ΛCDM model and observations. Our results demonstrate that H0 plays a very important role in the consistency test of ΛCDM with H(z)data. Adopting the Hubble constant priors from Planck 2013 and Riess, one finds considerable tension between the current H(z) data and ΛCDM model and confirms the conclusions obtained previously by others. However, with the Hubble constant prior taken from WMAP9, the discrepancy between H(z) data and ΛCDM disappears, i.e., the current H(z) observations still support the cosmological constant scenario. This conclusion is also supported by the results derived from the Joint Lightcurve Analysis(JLA) SN Ia sample. The best-fit Hubble constant from the combination of H(z)+JLA(H00 = 68.81+1.5-1.49 km s-1 Mpc-1) is very consistent with results derived both by Planck 2013 and WMAP9, but is significantly different from the recent local measurement by Riess.  相似文献