A comparison of the flood precipitation episode in August 2002 with historic extreme precipitation events on the Czech territory     

Daniela &#x;ez ov  Marek Ka&#x;par  Miloslav Müller  Zbynk Sokol  Vilibald Kakos  David Hanslian  Petr Pe&#x;ice 《Atmospheric Research》2005,77(1-4):354

The hydro-meteorological characteristics of the flood from August 2002, which affected a great part of the Czech territory, particularly the Vltava and Labe river basin, were compared with corresponding conditions during similar flood events in the summer seasons of 1997, 1890, 1897 and 1903. The comparison shows analogies in synoptic conditions and causal precipitation heights. The heaviest precipitation fell in the area of a considerable horizontal pressure gradient on the rearward side of the cyclone which advanced very slowly to the north-east across Central Europe and created conditions for the transport of moist air as well as for an organized long-term updraft enhanced in orographically exposed regions. The varying features of the individual events were based on the spatial–temporal distribution of causal precipitation and also on the very different saturation of the catchments. It was chiefly the extraordinary time concentration of precipitation together with the highest catchment saturation that made the flood in 2002 the most extreme.The extremeness of meteorological fields during two episodes in July 1997 was compared with two episodes in August 2002 with the aid of the reanalysis data from ECMWF. The first episode in 1997 and the second episode in 2002 were the most similar and more extreme in terms of the large-scale fields of basic meteorological quantities. The similar features of these episodes are specifically an intensive influx of moisture into Central Europe and intensive upward motions in the precipitation area. The extremeness of upper- and low-level potential vorticity fields was evaluated to diagnose the behavior of the cyclone and frontal precipitation bands accompanying it. The suitable spatial configuration of positive upper- and low-level potential vorticity anomalies induced an additional amplification of upward motions in the precipitation area that apparently contributed to triggering the heavy precipitation over Central Europe. On the whole, quantities reached more extreme values during the second episode in 2002.  相似文献   

Book Review     

Marek Lewandowski 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2011,168(5):949-950

  相似文献   

Evaluation of meteorological controls of reconstructed rockfall activity in the Czech Flysch Carpathians     

Karel Šilhán  Rudolf Brázdil  Tomáš Pánek  Petr Dobrovolný  Lucie Kašičková  Radim Tolasz  Ondřej Turský  Marek Václavek 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2011,36(14):1898-1909

Rockfall is an important process in the final sculpturing of escarpments and scree slopes that originate in bedrock landslides in the Flysch Carpathians. The spatio‐temporal characteristics of rockfall activity were studied at four localities representative of old landslides in the highest part of the Czech Flysch Carpathians (Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mountains). Historical activity, chronology, and spatial context of rockfall activity were reconstructed using dendrogeomorphic techniques and rockfall rate index (RR). A total of 1132 increment cores from 283 trees growing in the rockfall transport and accumulation zones enabled the dating of 989 rockfall events. Reconstruction of a 78‐year‐long RR chronology suggests similar rockfall histories and trends at all study sites, indicating the existence of major common factors driving rockfall dynamics in the region. Temporal analysis and correlation of the RR series obtained with monthly mean temperatures, numbers of days with temperature transitions through 0 °C and monthly precipitation totals show that meteorological characteristics have evident but variable influence on rockfall activity. The most important factor is the effect of freeze–thaw cycles throughout the year, supplemented by low temperatures, especially during autumn. The influence of precipitation totals is of lesser importance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Climate policies can help resolve energy security and air pollution challenges     

David L. McCollum  Volker Krey  Keywan Riahi  Peter Kolp  Arnulf Grubler  Marek Makowski  Nebojsa Nakicenovic 《Climatic change》2013,119(2):479-494

This paper assesses three key energy sustainability objectives: energy security improvement, climate change mitigation, and the reduction of air pollution and its human health impacts. We explain how the common practice of narrowly focusing on singular issues ignores potentially enormous synergies, highlighting the need for a paradigm shift toward more holistic policy approaches. Our analysis of a large ensemble of alternate energy-climate futures, developed using MESSAGE, an integrated assessment model, shows that stringent climate change policy offers a strategic entry point along the path to energy sustainability in several dimensions. Concerted decarbonization efforts can lead to improved air quality, thereby reducing energy-related health impacts worldwide: upwards of 2–32 million fewer disability-adjusted life years in 2030, depending on the aggressiveness of the air pollution policies foreseen in the baseline. At the same time, low-carbon technologies and energy-efficiency improvements can help to further the energy security goals of individual countries and regions by promoting a more dependable, resilient, and diversified energy portfolio. The cost savings of these climate policy synergies are potentially enormous: $100–600 billion annually by 2030 in reduced pollution control and energy security expenditures (0.1–0.7 % of GDP). Novel aspects of this paper include an explicit quantification of the health-related co-benefits of present and future air pollution control policies; an analysis of how future constraints on regional trade could influence energy security; a detailed assessment of energy expenditures showing where financing needs to flow in order to achieve the multiple energy sustainability objectives; and a quantification of the relationships between different fulfillment levels for energy security and air pollution goals and the probability of reaching the 2 °C climate target.  相似文献   

On the nature of the X-ray emission from the accreting millisecond pulsar SAX J1808.4−3658     

Juri Poutanen †  Marek Gierli&#;ski 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,343(4):1301-1311

  相似文献   

White Dwarf Constraints On Exotic Physics     

Marek Biesiada  Beata Malec 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,283(4):601-606

Nonstandard theories of fundamental interactions typically predict the existence of new kinds of weakly interacting particles. These can escape freely from stellar interiors and act as additional source of cooling. Considerable agreement of a variety of astrophysical observations with standard physics can serve as a source of constraints on non-standard ideas. In this paper we consider G117-B15A pulsating white dwarf for which the secular rate, at which the period of its fundamental mode increases, has been accurately measured. This star has been claimed the most stable oscillator ever recorded in the optical band. Because an additional channel of energy loss would speedup the cooling rate, one is able to use this stability to derive a bound on axion mass and on theories with large extra dimensions. We also point to the possibility of using similar arguments to constrain supersymmetric paticles. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Investigation of Times of Minima of Selected Early-Type Eclipsing Binaries     

Pavel Mayer  Marek Wolf  P. G. Niarchos  K. D. Gazeas  V. N. Manimanis  Drahomír Chochol 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2006,304(1-4):39-41

New precise times of minimum light for several early-type eclipsing binaries were obtained at three observatories. The changes of period of the following measured binaries are discussed: V1182 Aql, LY Aur, SZ Cam, FZ CMa, QZ Car, LZ Cen, V606 Cen, AH Cep and TU~Mus.  相似文献   

Truncated disc versus extremely broad iron line in XTE J1650−500     

Chris Done  Marek Gierli&#;ski 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,367(2):659-668

  相似文献   

Fuzzy slope stability method     

Marek Kacewicz 《Mathematical Geology》1987,19(8):757-767

  相似文献   

The X-ray spectrum of the atoll source 4U 1608—52     

Marek Gierli&#;ski  Chris Done 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2002,337(4):1373-1380

  相似文献