Human-Wildlife Conflicts in Paschim Kusaha Village of Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve,Sunsari District,Nepal     

Deepa KARKI  Nabin POUDEL  Sweta DIXIT  Sijar BHATTA  Bharat GOTAME  Man Kumar DHAMALA  Dipak KHADKA 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2022,13(6):1022-1029

Human-wildlife conflict has been one of the most trouble-causing issues in many areas of Nepal including Eastern Nepal. This study assessed the human-wildlife conflict status in Paschim Kusaha Village of Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve (KTWR), Sunsari District, Nepal. Data were collected from 47 respondents of different households through questionnaire surveys and formal and informal interviews. Results revealed that the most destructive wild animals were wild elephants, wild boar, and wild water buffalo and the most raided crops were paddy (63.83 %), maize (19.15%), and potato (17.02%). Most of the encounters between humans and wildlife were recorded at night (after dusk and before dawn) (78.72%). Local people were suffering from damage of physical properties, human harassment or nuisance, and depredation of cropland due to wild animals. A total of 70% of respondents had a positive attitude towards conservation despite disturbing human mortality records (22 deaths in the last five years) from the reserve area and surrounding. Awareness of wildlife behavior together with conservation and easy access to compensation schemes were suggested to minimize conflicts in the area.  相似文献   

Redistribution of riverine and rainfall freshwater by the Bay of Bengal circulation     

Chaitanya  Akurathi Venkata Sai  Vialard  Jérôme  Lengaigne  Matthieu  d’Ovidio  Francesco  Riotte  Jean  Papa  Fabrice  James  Rathinam Arthur 《Ocean Dynamics》2021,71(11-12):1113-1139

Ocean Dynamics - We use satellite-derived currents and a Lagrangian approach to investigate the redistribution of the precipitation minus evaporation (P-E) and river freshwater inputs into Bay of...  相似文献   

‘Thermohaline front’ off the east coast of India and its generating mechanism     

Hareesh Kumar  Panangattu Viswanathan  Mathew  Basil  Ramesh Kumar  Madathiparambil Ranganatha  Raghunadha Rao  Akula  Jagadeesh  Puvvala Surya Venkata  Radhakrishnan  Kalarickal Gopalan  Shyni  Thiyyadi Nandakumar 《Ocean Dynamics》2013,63(11):1175-1180

Physical oceanography measurements reveal a strong salinity (0.18 psu km⁻¹) and temperature (0.07 °C km⁻¹) front off the east coast of India in December 1997. T–S diagrams suggest lateral mixing between the fresh water at the coast and the ambient warmer, saltier water. This front seems to be the result of southward advection of fresh and cool water, formed in the northern Bay of Bengal during the monsoon, by the East Indian Coastal Current, as suggested by the large-scale salinity structure in the SODA re-analysis and the anti-cyclonic gyre in the northwestern Bay of Bengal during winter. The data further reveals an offshore front in January, which appears to be the result of a meso-scale re-circulation around an eddy, bringing cold and freshwater from the northern Bay of Bengal further away from the shore. Our cruise data hence illustrates that very strong salinity fronts can appear in the Bay of Bengal after the monsoon, as a result of intense coastal circulation and stirring by eddies.

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Role of Nitrogen Oxides,Black Carbon,and Meteorological Parameters on the Variation of Surface Ozone Levels at a Tropical Urban Site – Hyderabad,India     

Venkata Swamy Yerramsetti  Nikhil Gauravarapu Navlur  Venkanna Rapolu  N. S. K. Chitanya Dhulipala  Puna Ram Sinha  Shailaja Srinavasan  Gangagni Rao Anupoju 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2013,41(3):215-225

In this study, temporal variations of surface ozone (O₃) were investigated at tropical urban site of Hyderabad during the year 2009. O₃, oxides of nitrogen (NO_x = NO + NO₂), black carbon (BC), and meteorological parameters were continuously monitored at the established air monitoring station. Results revealed the production of surface O₃ from NO₂ through photochemical oxidation. Averaged datasets illustrated the variations in ground‐level concentrations of these air pollutants along different time scales. Maximum mean concentrations of O₃ (56.75 ppbv) and NO_x (8.9 ppbv) were observed in summer. Diurnal‐seasonal changes in surface O₃ and NO_x concentrations were explicated with complex atmospheric chemistry, boundary layer dynamics, and local meteorology. In addition, nocturnal chemistry of NO_x played a decisive role in the formation of O₃ during day time. Mean BC mass concentration in winter (10.92 µg m^?3) was high during morning hours. Heterogeneous chemistry of BC on O₃ destruction and NO_x formation was elucidated. Apart from these local observations, long‐range transport of trace gases and BC aerosols were evidenced from air mass back trajectories. Further, statistical modeling was performed to predict O₃ using multi‐linear regression method, which resulted in 91% of the overall variance.  相似文献   

Significance of nearshore wave parameters in identifying vulnerable zones during storm and normal conditions along Visakhapatnam coast,India     

K. V. S. R. Prasad  S. V. V. Arun Kumar  Ch. Venkata Ramu  P. Sreenivas 《Natural Hazards》2009,49(2):347-360

The nearshore parameters, viz., wave runup, wave setup, and wave energy have been estimated during storm and normal conditions of SW monsoon (June–September) and NE monsoon (November–February) by empirical parameterization along Visakhapatnam coast. These results were compared with the field observations during three storms of SW monsoon season in the year 2007. The higher nearshore wave energies were observed at R.K. Beach, Jodugullapalem beach, and Sagarnagar beach during both the seasons. During storm events, the higher wave energies associated with higher wave runups cause severe erosion along the wave convergence zones. The storm wave runups (SWRUs) were higher at R.K. Beach, Palm beach, Jodugullapalem beach, and Sagarnagar Beach. The yearly low wave energy was observed at Lawson’s Bay with lowest wave runup, considered as safest zone. R.K. Beach, Palm beach, and Jodugullapalem beach are identified as vulnerable zones of wave attack. It is noteworthy that in addition to wave energies, wave runups and wave setups also play a vital role in endangering the coast.  相似文献   

Impurity band conduction detectors for astronomy     

R. Bharat 《Experimental Astronomy》1994,3(1-4):219-225

An overview of the three major types of impurity band conduction (IBC) detectors — Blocked Impurity Band (BIB) detector, Solid State Photomultiplier (SSPM) and Visible Light Photon Counter (VLPC) - pioneered by Rockwell is presented. Key functional features, level of developmental maturity and applications to astronomy are described.  相似文献   

Stability of breakwater defenced by a seaward submerged reef     

Kiran G. Shirlal  Subba Rao  Venkata Ganesh  Manu 《Ocean Engineering》2006,33(5-6):829-846

The stability of a uniformly sloped conventional rubble mound breakwater defenced by a seaward submerged reef is investigated using physical model studies. Regular waves of wide ranging heights and periods are used. Tests are carried out for different spacings between two rubble mound structures (X/d=2.5–13.33) and for different relative heights (h/d=0.625–0.833) and relative widths (B/d=0.25–1.33) of the reef. It is observed that a reef of width (B/d) of 0.6–0.75 constructed at a seaward distance (X/d) of 6.25–8.33 breaks all the incoming waves and dissipates energy and protects the breakwater optimally.  相似文献   

Growth and photosynthetic rates of Chlamydomonas plethora and Nitzschia frustula cultures isolated from Kuwait Bay, Arabian Gulf, and their potential as live algal food for tropical mariculture     

Durvasula Venkata Subba Rao  Youlian Pan  & Faiza Al-Yamani 《Marine Ecology》2005,26(1):63-71

With a view to utilize local algae as food organisms in mariculture, the green alga Chlamydomonas plethora and the diatom Nitzschia frustula were isolated and studied from the unique coastal waters arid zone off Kuwait. Batch cultures of C. plethora and N. frustula had maximum division rates (μ_max) of 2.5 and 3.4 day^?1, respectively. Cultures grown for 36 h yielded comparable growth rates. Photosynthesis‐irradiance relationships in cultures harvested at various phases of growth showed that cultures attained log phase after 1‐day growth and yielded the highest assimilation numbers (P: μg C [μg Chl a]^?1 h^?1): 22.8 for C. plethora and 18.1 for N. frustula. Their initial slopes (α^B: ng C [μg Chl a]^?1 h^?1 [μmol m^?2 s^?1]^?1 were also the highest observed so far: 79.5 for C. plethora and 39.6 for N. frustula. Photoinhibition was low. Compared with these, assimilation numbers in senescent cultures of 20‐day growth were <8% of the maximum for both species, and the initial slope decreased to 17 and 13% in C. plethora and N. frustula, respectively. Two polyunsaturated fatty acids (20:5n‐3 eicosapentaenoic acid and 22:6n‐3 docosahexaenoic acid) that are essential in many marine animal diets constituted up to 24% and 1.9% of the total fatty acids, respectively. Of the two algae, N. frustula contained higher levels of 16:1n‐7, 20:5n‐3 and comparatively low levels of 22:6n‐3 fatty acids. Due to its rapid growth, high photosynthetic rate and presence of the amino acids leucine, lysine, glutamic acid and arginine N. frustula has good potential as a feed organism in mariculture applications. The capacity of these algae to produce a wide range of size groups (nano and net plankton) is an additional bonus for mariculture operations.  相似文献   

Return pulse waveform simulation for LLRI instrument onboard Chandrayan-I     

Bharat Lohani  Nishant Bhatnagar  Aditya Roshan 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2008,36(1):1-11

ISRO is launching a LiDAR instrument (LLRI) onboard Chandrayan-I. The LLRI will collect topographic data of lunar surface. Flying at an altitude of 100km the LLRI will have a footprint of 100m on the moon surface. Time of travel measurement, which is fundamental for topographic coordinate computation, depends upon the shape of the return pulse. This shape in turn is a function of the characteristics of footprint, i. e. its geometry, reflectance and roughness. This paper uses a mathematical model to simulate the return waveform at the receiver for different conditions of said characteristics within the footprint. Mathematical equations are employed to generate footprints that vary in their characteristics in terms of reflectance, geometry and roughness. A footprint is divided into small bins so that each bin has uniform property. Energy distribution in transmitted pulse is considered Gaussian. Energy irradiated over footprint is approximated using the assumed distribution. For each bin the energy incident is computed and accordingly the quantum and distribution of reflected energy is determined. The final waveform is generated by integrating the energy returned from all the bins according to their time of arrival and spread. Some results are presented to show the performance of the developed system.  相似文献   

A kinematic‐wave‐based distributed watershed model using FEM,GIS and remotely sensed data     

K. Venkata Reddy  T. I. Eldho  E. P. Rao  N. Hengade 《水文研究》2007,21(20):2765-2777

For the appropriate management of water resources in a watershed, it is essential to calculate the time distribution of runoff for the given rainfall event. In this paper, a kinematic‐wave‐based distributed watershed model using finite element method (FEM), geographical information systems (GIS) and remote‐sensing‐based approach is presented for the runoff simulation of small watersheds. The kinematic wave equations are solved using FEM for overland and channel flow to generate runoff at the outlet of the watershed concerned. The interception loss is calculated by an empirical model based on leaf area index (LAI). The Green‐Ampt Mein Larson (GAML) model is used for the estimation of infiltration. Remotely sensed data has been used to extract land use (LU)/land cover (LC). GIS have been used to prepare finite element grid and input files such as Manning's roughness and slope. The developed overland flow model has been checked with an analytical solution for a hypothetical watershed. The model has been applied to a gauged watershed and an ungauged watershed. From the results, it is seen that the model is able to simulate the hydrographs reasonably well. A sensitivity analysis of the model is carried out with the calibrated infiltration parameters, overland flow Manning's roughness, channel flow Manning's roughness, time step and grid size. The present model is useful in predicting the hydrograph in small, ungauged watersheds. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献