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991.
992.
2009年豫南一次强暴雨过程的位涡方程诊断分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用中尺度WRF模式、NCEP/NCAR再分析格点资料及常规气象观测资料,对2009年8月28—30日河南省南部一次强暴雨过程进行中尺度数值模拟,借助模式输出的模拟数据计算位势涡度及位势涡度方程收支,并利用位涡收支方程对此次暴雨过程进行诊断分析。结果表明,WRF模式对此次暴雨过程的模拟效果较好,模拟暴雨强度及落区与实况较一致,位势涡度能够较好地反映此次暴雨过程的动力及热力特征。位涡异常高值区与暴雨中心有较好的对应关系,暴雨中心大致位于位涡高值中心东南侧。位涡收支方程中各收支项同样能够反映此次暴雨过程的动力、热力性质。暴雨发展过程中大气中低层位涡局地增加,位涡局地变化大值中心驿应暴雨中心。各收支项中,引起中低层位涡局地变化的贡献主要来源于潜热加热作用、水平平流作用、垂直输送作用及摩擦作用。其中潜热加热与水平平流作用对暴雨中低层正变位涡起正贡献作用,潜热加热作用有利于位涡局地增加,水平平流作用易于低层位涡向流场辐合区聚集,引起局地位涡增加;垂直输送及摩擦作用对中低层位涡变化表现为负贡献作用,垂直作用易于将中低层位涡向高层输送,使得低层位涡减小,高层位涡增加。在摩擦作用下,低层位涡被大量耗散,使得中低层位涡局地减小。 相似文献
993.
采用中国气象科学研究院 (CAMS) 中尺度云参数化模式对2010年4月20日山西省一次春季层状降水云系的宏微观结构,特别是垂直方向上的微物理结构进行了数值模拟和分析。利用携带云粒子探测设备的飞机对该次层状云系进行了两次云物理探测飞行,并将飞机探测所获取的数据和图像资料与数值模拟结果进行了对比研究。模拟结果显示:该次降水过程以层状冷云降水为主,云中过冷水含量丰富,云系存在明显的3层结构,地面降水主要来自于云中高层冰晶、雪、霰等冰相粒子的融化和低层云水的转化。数值模拟与飞机探测对比分析显示,高空温度、湿度和高度的配置两者基本一致,数值模拟不同高度的云粒子相态、垂直方向云水比含水量与飞机探测获取的云粒子图像和云液态水含量的垂直结构基本吻合,但数值模拟的云中各种水成物粒子出现的高度较飞机探测偏高。 相似文献
994.
WANG Xiaoying WANG Xianliang DAI Ziqiang KE Fuyang CAO Yunchang WANG Feifei and SONG Lianchun 《大气科学进展》2014,31(2):355-362
This paper presents a novel approach for assessing the precision of the wet refractivity field using BDS (BeiDou navigation satellite system) simulations only,GPS,and BDS+GPS for the Shenzhen and Hongkong GNSS network.The simulations are carried out by adding artificial noise to a real observation dataset.Instead of using the δ and σ parameters computed from slant wet delay,as in previous studies,we employ the Bias and RMS parameters,computed from the tomography results of total voxels,in order to obtain a more direct and comprehensive evaluation of the precision of the refractivity field determination.The results show that:(1) the precision of tropospheric wet refractivity estimated using BDS alone (only 9 satellites used) is basically comparable to that of GPS; (2) BDS+GPS (as of current operation) may not be able to significantly improve the data's spatial density for the application of refractivity tomography; and (3) any slight increase in the precision of refractivity tomography,particularly in the lower atmosphere,bears great significance for any applications dependent on the Chinese operational meteorological service. 相似文献
995.
The characteristic changes of South Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) for the period January 1979 to December 2011, during which the 1990s Pacific pan-decadal variability (PDV) interdecadal regime shifts occurred, were examined. Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis was applied to the monthly mean SSTA for two sub-periods: January 1979 to December 1994 (P 1) and January 1996 to December 2011 (P2). Both the spatial and temporal features of the leading EOF mode for P1 and P2 showed a remarkable difference. The spatial structure of the leading EOF changed from a tripolar pattern for P 1 (EOF-P 1) to a dipole-like pattern for P2 (EOF-P2). Besides, EOF-P 1 (EOF-P2) had significant spectral peaks at 4.6 yr (2.7 yr). EOF-P2 not only had a closer association with E1 Nifio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), but also showed a faster response to ENSO than EOF-P1 based on their lead-lag relationships with ENSO. During the development of ENSO, the South Pacific SSTA associated with ENSO for both PI and P2 showed a significant eastward propagation. However, after the peak of ENSO, EOF-P1 showed a stronger persistence than EOF-P2, which still showed eastward propagation. The variability of the SSTA associated with the whole process of ENSO evolution during P1 and the SSTA associated with the development of ENSO during P2 support the existence of ocean-to-atmosphere forcing, but the SSTA associated with the decay of ENSO shows the phenomenon of atmosphere-to-ocean forcing. 相似文献
996.
Has climate change driven spatio-temporal changes of cropland in northern China since the 1970s? 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Wenjiao Shi Fulu Tao Jiyuan Liu Xinliang Xu Wenhui Kuang Jinwei Dong Xiaoli Shi 《Climatic change》2014,124(1-2):163-177
Improving the understanding of cropland change and its driving factors is a current focus for policy decision-makers in China. The datasets of cropland and cropland changes from the 1970s to the 2000s were used to explore whether climate change has produced spatio-temporal changes to cropland in northern China since the 1970s. Two representative indicators of heat and water resources, which are important determinants of crop growth and productivity, were considered to track climate change, including active accumulated temperatures ≥10 °C (AAT10) and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). Our results showed that rapid cropland change has occurred in northern China since the 1970s, and the area of cropland reclamation (10.23 million ha) was much greater than that of abandoned cropland (2.94 million ha). In the 2000s, the area of cropland with AAT10 higher than 3,000 °C·d increased, while the area of cropland with an SPEI greater than 0.25 decreased compared to the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. It appears that climate warming has provided thermal conditions that have aided rapid cropland reclamation in northern China since the 1970s, and drier climatic conditions did not become a limiting factor for cropland reclamation, especially from the 1990s to the 2000s. Approximately 70 % of cropland reclamation areas were located in warmer but drier regions from the 1990s to the 2000s, and approximately 40 % of cropland abandonment occurred in warmer and wetter conditions that were suitable for agriculture during the periods from the 1970s to the 1980s and the 1990s to the 2000s. Our results suggest that climate change can be considered a driving factor of cropland change in the past several decades in northern China, in addition to socioeconomic factors. 相似文献
997.
本文首先采用基于多准则决策的层次分析评价法,根据自然灾害风险理论,将洪涝风险影响因子分为危险性和脆弱性两类,子准则层包括平均降雨量、汇流累积量、坡度、海拔和土地覆盖度、道路级别、地表产流能力7个因子,构建了道路洪涝灾害风险评价模型。然后以福建省武夷山地区为研究区,利用地形数据、气象数据及遥感影像提取土地覆盖类型数据,通过道路洪涝灾害风险评价模型,绘制了道路风险分区图。结果表明,中、高风险积水道路占比较高,主要集中在东部、西部和中南部地区。本文对道路洪涝灾害风险所进行的评价,可服务于洪涝灾害风险预警和应急救援规划。 相似文献
998.
999.
普通克里金法是构建矿区三维地形模型并揭示地表沉陷形变场动态变化规律的有效方法。但普通克里金法存在平滑效应的问题,导致估计值的空间变异程度小于实际,无法真实反映矿区复杂地表形态的空间变化特征。本文结合矿区实际地形采样数据,提出了一种空间变异修正的普通克里金法,并将其应用于矿区复杂地形的高精度建模,并与已有方法在建模精度和空间变异性复现方面进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,空间变异修正的普通克里金法能够很好地处理平滑效应对建模的影响,具有更高的建模精度和空间变异性复现能力,在矿区复杂地形高精度建模应用中具有较强的适用性,可以作为一种可靠的建模工具用于矿区复杂地形沉陷形变场动态变化规律分析。 相似文献
1000.
由RVoG模型演变的SINC函数模型运用到TanDEM-X InSAR数据反演森林高度时面临观测信息不足的问题,且无法适应不同的森林场景。本文针对这一问题,提出小范围LiDAR数据辅助下基于TanDEM-X InSAR相干性的森林高度反演方法,此方法无须全局高精度DEM产品提供地表相位信息而仅利用相干性即可获取森林高度信息。为验证此方法的可行性,采用西班牙境内两个典型试验区的TanDEM-X InSAR数据进行验证,并利用LiDAR树高数据进行精度评定。结果表明,单基线TanDEM-X InSAR相干性可用于反演森林高度,两个试验区的精度分别为2.34 m和1.74 m。 相似文献