固定标本的DNA提取及PCR扩增   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

高天翔  张秀梅  曾晓起  渡边精一 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,30(2):244-248

报道福尔马林、酒精固定的日本绒螯蟹标本的 DNA提取及 PCR扩增 ,并与冷冻、煮沸标本进行了比较。结果表明 ,福尔马林固定标本与酒精固定标本一样可以提取 DNA,加入的蛋白酶 K量越多 ,DNA的回收率越高。以提取的 DNA为模板 ,进行了线粒体 DNA12 S r RNA和 D- loop基因片段的 PCR扩增 ,经琼脂糖凝胶电泳 PCR扩增产物后均得到了与期待的碱基长度相一致的清晰谱带。  相似文献   

A practical model to estimate photosynthetically active radiation using general meteorological elements in a temperate humid area and comparison among models     

Yasuko Mizoguchi  Yukio Yasuda  Yoshikazu Ohtani  Tsutomu Watanabe  Yuji Kominami  Katsumi Yamanoi 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2014,115(3-4):583-589

Although accurately evaluating photosynthetically active radiation is important, much effort is required to measure this radiation using a quantum sensor. We develop a new model that makes estimates using only general meteorological data—solar radiation, atmospheric pressure, air temperature, and relative humidity. Root mean square deviations for eight datasets at five sites in Japan were smaller than 5.2 %, similar to error in other studies and to individual differences of quantum sensors. Most root mean square deviations of nine previous models and our eight datasets are larger than that of the new estimation model, which performed well. This suggests that the model is useful for estimating photosynthetically active radiation in a temperate, humid area of Japan.  相似文献   

Relative contribution of feedback processes to Arctic amplification of temperature change in MIROC GCM     

Masakazu Yoshimori  Masahiro Watanabe  Ayako Abe-Ouchi  Hideo Shiogama  Tomoo Ogura 《Climate Dynamics》2014,42(5-6):1613-1630

The finding that surface warming over the Arctic exceeds that over the rest of the world under global warming is a robust feature among general circulation models (GCMs). While various mechanisms have been proposed, quantifying their relative contributions is an important task in order to understand model behavior. Here we apply a recently proposed feedback analysis technique to an atmosphere–ocean GCM under two and four times CO₂ concentrations which approximately lead to seasonally and annually sea ice-free climates. The contribution of feedbacks to Arctic temperature change is investigated. The surface warming in the Arctic is contributed by albedo, water vapour and large-scale condensation feedbacks and reduced by the evaporative cooling feedback. The surface warming contrast between the Arctic and the global averages (AA) is maintained by albedo and evaporative cooling feedbacks. The latter contributes to AA predominantly by cooling the low latitudes more than the Arctic. Latent heat transport into the Arctic increases and hence evaporative cooling plus large-scale condensation feedback contributes positively to AA. On the other hand, dry-static energy transport into the Arctic decreases and hence dynamical heating feedback contributes negatively to AA. An important contribution is thus made via changes in hydrological cycle and not via the ‘dry’ heat transport process. A larger response near the surface than aloft in the Arctic is maintained by the albedo, water vapour, and dynamical heating feedbacks, in which the albedo and water vapour feedbacks contribute through warming the surface more than aloft, and the dynamical heating feedback contributes by cooling aloft more than the surface. In our experiments, ocean and sea ice dynamics play a secondary role. It is shown that a different level of CO₂ increase introduces a latitudinal and seasonal difference into the feedbacks.  相似文献   

Summertime land–sea thermal contrast and atmospheric circulation over East Asia in a warming climate—Part I: Past changes and future projections     

Youichi Kamae  Masahiro Watanabe  Masahide Kimoto  Hideo Shiogama 《Climate Dynamics》2014,43(9-10):2553-2568

Land–sea surface air temperature (SAT) contrast, an index of tropospheric thermodynamic structure and dynamical circulation, has shown a significant increase in recent decades over East Asia during the boreal summer. In Part I of this two-part paper, observational data and the results of transient warming experiments conducted using coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (GCMs) are analyzed to examine changes in land–sea thermal contrast and the associated atmospheric circulation over East Asia from the past to the future. The interannual variability of the land–sea SAT contrast over the Far East for 1950–2012 was found to be tightly coupled with a characteristic tripolar pattern of tropospheric circulation over East Asia, which manifests as anticyclonic anomalies over the Okhotsk Sea and around the Philippines, and a cyclonic anomaly over Japan during a positive phase, and vice versa. In response to CO₂ increase, the cold northeasterly winds off the east coast of northern Japan and the East Asian rainband were strengthened with the circulation pattern well projected on the observed interannual variability. These results are commonly found in GCMs regardless of future forcing scenarios, indicating the robustness of the East Asian climate response to global warming. The physical mechanisms responsible for the increase of the land–sea contrast are examined in Part II.  相似文献   

Integrated remote sensing data utilization for investigating structural and tectonic history of the Ghadames Basin,Libya     

N.M. Saadi  M. Abdel Zaher  F. El-Baz  K. Watanabe 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011

This study was initiated to constrain the geological structure of the Ghadames Basin in northwest Libya. Detailed analysis was based on digital integration of surface data, including SRTM DEM, ETM+ and geologic maps with subsurface data, including well logs and potential field data. Integrated analysis of remotely sensed data of the SRTM and ETM+ were utilized to identify geologic lineaments in the area. Ground-based verification of the remote sensing data was achieved with field work. Interpretation and analysis of the lineaments indicate that the Ghadames Basin is controlled by four main fault systems that trend WNW, NNW, NW and ENE. Well logs and potential field data were used to delineate a detailed picture of the subsurface structure. The potential field data reveal two NE and NNE trending sedimentary basins. The depth of the basement inside the main basin ranges from 2 to 6 km. A two-dimensional (2-D) schematic model shows that the basin gradually deepens towards the southwest. The applied data integration gave new insight into the tectonic and structure patterns of the Ghadames Basin and the adjacent areas of northwest Libya.  相似文献   

Estimation of nearshore groundwater discharge and its potential effects on a fringing coral reef     

Blanco AC  Watanabe A  Nadaoka K  Motooka S  Herrera EC  Yamamoto T 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(4):770-785

Radon (²²²Rn) measurements were conducted in Shiraho Reef (Okinawa, Japan) to investigate nearshore submarine groundwater discharge (SGD_nearshore) dynamics. Estimated average groundwater flux was 2-3 cm/h (maximum 7-8 cm/h). End-member radon concentration and gas transfer coefficient were identified as major factors influencing flux estimation accuracy. For the 7-km long reef, SGD_nearshore was 0.39-0.58 m³/s, less than 30% of Todoroki River’s baseflow discharge. SGD_nearshore was spatially and temporally variable, reflecting the strong influence of subsurface geology, tidal pumping, groundwater recharge, and hydraulic gradient. SGD_nearshore elevated nearshore nitrate concentrations (0.8-2.2 mg/l) to half of Todoroki River’s baseflow -N (2-4 mg/L). This increased nearshore Chl-a from 0.5-2 μg/l compared to the typically low Chl-a (<0.1-0.4 μg/l) in the moat. Diatoms and cyanobacteria concentrations exhibited an increasing trend. However, the percentage contributions of diatoms and cyanobacteria significantly decreased and increased, respectively. SGD may significantly induce the proliferation of cyanobacteria in nearshore reef areas.  相似文献   

List of Reviewers of Manuscript     

Yasushi Watanabe 《Resource Geology》2011,61(1):111-111

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Flux of low salinity water from Aniva Bay (Sakhalin Island) to the southern Okhotsk Sea     

Sachiko Oguma  Tsuneo Ono  Yutaka W. Watanabe  Hiromi Kasai  Shuichi Watanabe  Daiki Nomura  Humio Mitsudera 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

In this study, we examined the relationship between the low salinity water in the shelf region of the southern Okhotsk Sea which was seasonally sampled (0–200 m), and fluxes of low salinity water from Aniva Bay. To express the source of freshwater mixing in the surface layer, we applied normalized total alkalinity (NTA) and stable isotopes of seawater as chemical tracers. NTA-S diagrams indicate that NTA of low salinity water in the upper 30 m layer just off the Soya Warm Current is clearly higher than in the far offshore region in summer and autumn. Using NTA-S regression lines, we could deduce that the low salinity and high NTA water in the upper layer originates from Aniva Bay. For convenience, we defined this water as the Aniva Surface Water (ASW) with values S < 32, NTA > 2450 μmol kg⁻¹. Formation and transport processes of ASW are discussed using historical data. The interaction between the maximum core of high NTA water on the bottom slope of eastern Aniva Bay and an anticyclonic eddy at the mouth of Aniva Bay are concluded to control ASW formation. Upwelling of the Cold Water Belt water at the tip of Cape Krillion is considered to cause ASW outflow from Aniva Bay.  相似文献   

Hydrogen isotopic substitution of solid methylamine through atomic surface reactions at low temperatures: A potential contribution to the D/H ratio of methylamine in molecular clouds     

Yasuhiro Oba  Takeshi Chigai  Yoshihiro Osamura  Naoki Watanabe  Akira Kouchi 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2014,49(1):117-132

We experimentally studied hydrogen (H)–deuterium (D) substitution reactions of solid methylamine (CH₃NH₂) under astrophysically relevant conditions. We also calculated the potential energy surface for the H–D substitution reactions of methylamine isotopologues using quantum chemical methods. Despite the relatively large energy barrier of more than 18 kJ mol^?1, CH₃NH₂ reacted with D atoms to yield deuterated methylamines at 10 K, suggesting that the H–D substitution reaction proceeds through quantum tunneling. Deuterated methylamines reacted with H atoms as well. On the basis of present results, we propose that methylamine has potential for D enrichment through atomic surface reactions on interstellar grains at very low temperatures in molecular clouds. D enrichment would occur in particular in the methyl group of methylamine.  相似文献   

Results from the Eso Large Program on Transneptunian Objects and Centaurs     

Boehnhardt  Hermann  Barucci  Antonella  Delsanti  Audrey  De Bergh  Catherine  Doressoundiram  Alain  Romon  Jennifer  Dotto  Elisabetta  Tozzi  Gianpaolo  Lazzarin  Monica  Fornasier  Sonia  Peixinho  Nuno  Hainaut  Olivier  Davies  John  Rousselot  Philippe  Barrera  Luis  Birkle  Kurt  Meech  Karen  Ortiz  JoseLuis  Sekiguchi  Tomohiko  Watanabe  Jun-ichi  Thomas  Nick  West  Richard 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2003,92(1-4):145-156

BVRI photometry of 107 TNOs and Centaurs establishes the range of spectral gradients to be between –5 to 55%/100 nm (with one exception). A cluster of very red Cubewanos is firmly identified in orbits of low inclination and eccentricity beyond 40 AU from the Sun. Further correlations between surface colours and dynamical parameters (inclination and perihelion distance) are suggested for Cubewanos and scattered disk objects, but lack complete confidence for their reality. Plutinos and Centaurs do not show any clear correlation between surface colours and orbital parameters. We present in this paper 12 spectra obtained in the visible region and nine of them for which we obtained also near infrared spectra up to 2.4 microns. A few other objects have been observed, but the data are still under reduction and analysis. The principal reported results obtained are: (i) a wide range of visible slopes; (ii) evidence for surface variations on 2001 PT₁₃; and (iii) possible detection of few percent of water ice (1999 TC_36}, 2000 EB₁₇₃, 1999 DE₉, 2001 PT₁₃, 2000 QC₂₄₃, 1998 SG₃₅).  相似文献