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21.
22.
Wataru Nishijima Yoichi Nakano Satoshi Nakai Tetsuji Okuda Tsuyoshi Imai Mitsumasa Okada 《Marine pollution bulletin》2013
We investigated the effects of river floods on the macrobenthic community of the intertidal flat in the Ohta River Estuary, Japan, from 2005 to 2010. Sediment erosion by flood events ranged from about 2–3 cm to 12 cm, and the salinity dropped to 0‰ even during low-intensity flood events. Cluster analysis of the macrobenthic population showed that the community structure was controlled by the physical disturbance, decreased salinity, or both. The opportunistic polychaete Capitella sp. was the most dominant species in all clusters, and populations of the long-lived polychaete Ceratonereis erythraeensis increased in years with stable flow and almost disappeared in years with intense flooding. The bivalve Musculista senhousia was also an important opportunistic species that formed mats in summer of the stable years and influenced the structure of the macrobenthic community. Our results demonstrate the substantial effects of flood events on the macrobenthic community structure. 相似文献
23.
Asami Sano-Furukawa Takehiko Yagi Taku Okada Hirotada Gotou Takumi Kikegawa 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2012,39(5):375-383
X-ray diffraction measurements of distorted rutile-type oxyhydroxides β-GaOOH, InOOH, β-CrOOH, and β-CrOOD were taken at a
maximum pressure of up to 35 GPa under quasi-hydrostatic conditions, at ambient temperature. Anomalies in the evolution of
the relative lattice constants and the axial ratios of β-GaOOH, InOOH, and β-CrOOD suggest anisotropic stiffening along the
a- and/or b-axes where the hydrogen bond is formed. The changes were observed at 15 GPa in β-GaOOH and InOOH and at 4 GPa in β-CrOOD.
The pressures were higher in oxyhydroxides that have longer O…O distances of the hydrogen bond at ambient pressure. In contrast,
such stiffening behavior was not observed in CrOOH, which has a significant short O…O distance and strong hydrogen bond. The
stiffening behaviors observed in the present study can be attributed to the symmetrization of the hydrogen bonds in oxyhydroxides,
as was previously found in δ-AlOOH(D). 相似文献
24.
Mixing states of cloud interstitial particles between water-soluble and insoluble materials apparently differ under various cloud-forming conditions. To study the mixing states of cloud interstitial particles, we made observations at Mt. Tateyama, Japan (2300 m a.s.l.) during June 2007 using fog (> 10 μm)-cut inlets. Number concentrations of dried particles (0.3–0.5 μm diameter) selected for less-grown (LG) particles (particles smaller than 0.56 μm diameter at 88% relative humidity) were used to quantify tendencies of the growth characteristics of cloud interstitial particles. Size-segregated soot mass concentrations (< 0.4 and < 1.1 μm) were also measured for cloud interstitial particles. Three samples of cloud interstitial LG particles at 88% RH were investigated for water-soluble and insoluble components using dialysis (extraction) of water-soluble materials with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). For one TEM sample with high fractions of the LG particles and high soot mass concentrations under high precipitation (2–6 mm/h), most particles (0.1–0.5 μm) were found to be water insoluble. More than half of the water-insoluble particles were considered to be soot particles showing chain aggregations of electron-opaque spherules. Regarding the other two TEM samples with low fractions of the LG particles under less intense precipitation (ca. 1 mm/h), most particles were partly water soluble. The scavenging process in the precipitating cloud can change the population of particles left behind, preferentially leaving insoluble particles according to cloud formation conditions. 相似文献
25.
Taku Okada Takehiko Yagi Daisuke Nishio-Hamane 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2011,38(4):251-258
The phase relations and compression behavior of MnTiO3 perovskite were examined using a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell, X-ray diffraction, and analytical transmission electron
microscopy. The results show that MnTiO3 perovskite becomes unstable and decomposes into MnO and orthorhombic MnTi2O5 phases at above 38 GPa and high temperature. This is the first example of ABO3 perovskite decomposing into AO + AB2O5 phases at high pressure. The compression behavior of volume, axes, and the tilting angle of TiO6 octahedron of MnTiO3 perovskite are consistent with those of other A2+B4+O3 perovskites, although no such decomposition was observed in other perovskites. FeTiO3 is also known to decompose into two phases, instead of transforming into the CaIrO3-type post-perovskite phase and we argue that one of the reasons for the peculiar behavior of titanate is the weak covalency
of the Ti–O chemical bonds. 相似文献
26.
The application of geometric modeling to shelf‐margin stratigraphy has the potential to constrain interpretations of external forcings on margin development. Here we apply such a model to the Ebro margin in order to complement the analysis of Kertznus & Kneller (2009) . Our results suggest that increased mass wasting in the Pleistocene was unlikely to have been a factor in the observed long‐term shelf‐edge trajectory, and that the trajectory can be explained by the interaction of sediment flux, relative sea‐level rise, and basin shape. 相似文献
27.
Newly-generated Daliangshan Fault Zone—Shortcutting on the central section of Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
HongLin He Yasutaka Ikeda YuLin He Masayoshi Togo Jie Chen ChangYun Chen Masayoshi Tajikara Tomoo Echigo Shinsuke Okada 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,51(9):1248-1258
The Daliangshan fault zone is the eastern branch in the central section of Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system. It has been neglected for a long time, partly because of no destructive earthquake records along this fault zone. On the other hand, it is located on the remote and inaccessible plateau. So far it was excluded as part of the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system. Based on the interpretation of aerophotographs and field investigations, we document this fault zone in detail, and give an estimation of strike-slip rate about 3 mm/a in Late Quaternary together with age dating data. The results suggest that the Daliangshan fault zone is a newly-generated fault zone resulted from shortcutting in the central section of Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system because of the clockwise rotation of the Southeastern Tibetan Crustal Block, which is bounded by the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system. Moreover, the shortcutting may make the Daliangshan fault zone replace the Anninghe and Zemuhe fault zones gradually, and finally, the later two fault zones will probably die out with the continuous clockwise rotation. 相似文献
28.
29.
Atsushi Okada 《Astroparticle Physics》1994,2(4):393-400
The energy spectrum of those muons in the deep ocean ( 1000 m) that have been produced in the terrestrial atmosphere and have penetrated sea-water is calculated by Monte Carlo simulation and presented in a simplified form for easy use. 相似文献
30.
Soshi Nishimoto Masataka Sawada Tetsuji Okada 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2016,49(8):3323-3341