Economic reforms and the New Master Plan of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: Implementation issues and policy recommendations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Huong Ha  Tai-Chee Wong 《GeoJournal》1999,49(3):301-309

The economic reforms or `doi moi' introduced in 1986 have transformed Vietnam's planned economy to a more market-oriented one. Rise in international capital, market liberalisation and greater population mobility have contributed towards a greater concentration of squatters in the city centre, and extended metropolitan development in the fringes of Ho Chi Minh City. Rapid urbanisation and, to a lesser extent, industrialisation have converted large tracts of farmlands to urban use, and greater rural exodus. Such dramatic changes have drawn the city government's attention to face the new challenges. As a very important political and economic centre in the south, Ho Chi Minh City has prepared for itself a new Master Plan, approved in 1997, to provide a legitimate and institutional framework to guide its future spatial development. This paper introduces the background and explains the rationale behind the drafting of the Master Plan, and highlights the constraints that are expected in implementing it. The administrative framework in planning is also examined in terms of its advantages and disadvantages in a planning system with four levels: national, provincial, district and local. Land availability in the city centre, source of funding and technical expertise are all parts and parcels of the challenges in the process of modernising HCMC to accommodate the need of its residents and rapid global change. Ho Chi Minh City's strong relationships with its hinterlands have equally required the planners to look at the planning field using the whole national and regional scenarios. Policy recommendations aimed at improving the implementation capability are finally presented. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

导电涂料性能的研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

邓安平  杜恒清  陈世山  哈正欣 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1999,(Z1)

实验研究几种基料配比和不同导电填料（ 铜或石墨） 在导电性能方面的差异,探讨了导电涂料的导电机理,并研究了不同石墨粒径对涂层导电率的影响。  相似文献   

Delayed responses of the oceanic Beaufort Gyre to winds and sea ice motions: influences on variations of sea ice cover in the Pacific sector of the Arctic Ocean     

Eri Yoshizawa  Koji Shimada  Ho Kyung Ha  Tae Wan Kim  Sung Ho Kang  Kyung Ho Chung 《Journal of Oceanography》2015,71(2):187-197

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地下水中蕴藏的海平面变化信息     

哈承佑  王瑞久 《地学前缘》1996,3(2):177-181

文章对第四纪海平面变化,特别是近五万年以来海平面变化提供了一些地下水蕴藏的信息。上海第四纪沉积厚度达３６０ｍ以上,根据取自Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ含水层的样品测年,上海及其附近地区主要含水层的地下水形成距今约５万年到１．５万年之间,当时海平面曾发生过一次明显相对缓慢的下降过程,在我国东海达到－１５５ｍ,所以可以推断在上海以东广大海域地区,包括舟山群岛地区海域都有大面积的含水层分布,其水文地质条件和上海地区存在连续关系。  相似文献   

Development of statistical prediction models for Changma precipitation: An ensemble approach     

Jin-Yong Kim  Kyong-Hwan Seo  Jun-Hyeok Son  Kyung-Ja Ha 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2017,53(2):207-216

An ensemble statistical forecast scheme with a one-month lead is developed to predict year-to-year variations of Changma rainfall over the Korean peninsula. Spring sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the North Atlantic, the North Pacific and the tropical Pacific Ocean have been proposed as useful predictors in a previous study. Through a forward-stepwise regression method, four additional springtime predictors are selected: the northern Indian Ocean (NIO) SST, the North Atlantic SST change (NAC), the snow cover anomaly over the Eurasian continent (EUSC), and the western North Pacific outgoing longwave radiation anomaly (WNP (OLR)). Using these, three new prediction models are developed. A simple arithmetic ensemble mean produces much improved forecast skills compared to the original prediction model of Lee and Seo (2013). Skill scores measured by temporal correlation and MSSS (mean square error skill score) are improved by about 9% and 17%, respectively. The GMSS (Gerrity skill score) and hit rate based on a tercile prediction validation scheme are also enhanced by about 19% and 13%, respectively. The reversed NIO, reversed WNP (OLR), and reversed NAC are all related to the enhancement of a cyclonic circulation anomaly to the south or southwest of the Korean peninsula, which induces southeasterly moisture flux into the peninsula and increasing Changma precipitation. The EUSC predictor induces an enhancement of the Okhotsk Sea high downstream and thus strengthening of Changma front.  相似文献   

Micromechanical Modelling of the Complete Stress–Strain Relationship for Crack Weakened Rock Subjected to Compressive Loading     

X.-P. Zhou  Y.-X. Zhang  Q.-L. Ha  K.-S. Zhu 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2008,41(5):747-769

Summary  A micromechanics-based model, able to quantify the effect of various parameters on the complete stress–strain relationship, is described. The closed-form explicit expression for the complete stress–strain relationship of a rock material containing an echelon cracks arrangement subjected to compressive loading is obtained. The complete stress–strain relationship including the stages of linear elasticity, non-linear hardening and strain softening is established. The results show that the complete stress–strain relationship and the strength of rock with echelon cracks depend on the crack interface friction coefficient, the sliding crack spacing, the perpendicular distance between the two adjacent rows, the fracture toughness of rock material and orientation of the cracks. The present model is used to evaluate the complete stress–strain relationship and strength for crack-weakened rock at the underground cavern complex of the Ertan Hydroelectric Project. The predicted strength is in agreement with that obtained by the Hoek–Brown criterion. The numerical results obtained with the complete stress–strain relationship seem to be in good agreement with the measured values. Author’s address: Xiao-Ping Zhou, School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, 443002 Chongqing, P.R. China  相似文献   

Assessing non-linear variation of temperature and precipitation for different growth periods of maize and their impacts on phenology in the Midwest of Jilin Province,China     

Enliang?Guo  Jiquan?ZhangEmail author  Yongfang?Wang  Si?Alu  Rui?Wang  Danjun?Li  Si?Ha 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2018,132(3-4):685-699

In the past two decades, the regional climate in China has undergone significant change, resulting in crop yield reduction and complete failure. The goal of this study is to detect the variation of temperature and precipitation for different growth periods of maize and assess their impact on phenology. The daily meteorological data in the Midwest of Jilin Province during 1960–2014 were used in the study. The ensemble empirical mode decomposition method was adopted to analyze the non-linear trend and fluctuation in temperature and precipitation, and the sensitivity of the length of the maize growth period to temperature and precipitation was analyzed by the wavelet cross-transformation method. The results show that the trends of temperature and precipitation change are non-linear for different growth periods of maize, and the average temperature in the sowing-jointing stage was different from that in the other growth stages, showing a slight decrease trend, while the variation amplitude of maximum temperature is smaller than that of the minimum temperature. This indicates that the temperature difference between day and night shows a gradually decreasing trend. Precipitation in the growth period also showed a decreasing non-linear trend, while the inter-annual variability with period of quasi-3-year and quasi-6-year dominated the variation of temperature and precipitation. The whole growth period was shortened by 10.7 days, and the sowing date was advanced by approximately 11 days. We also found that there was a significant resonance period among temperature, precipitation, and phenology. Overall, a negative correlation between phenology and temperature is evident, while a positive correlation with precipitation is exhibited. The results illustrate that the climate suitability for maize has reduced over the past decades.  相似文献   

Development of an Observation Processing Package for Data Assimilation in KIAPS     

Jeon-Ho Kang  Hyoung-Wook Chun  Sihye Lee  Ji-Hyun Ha  Hyo-Jong Song  In-Hyuk Kwon  Hyun-Jun Han  Hanbyeol Jeong  Hui-Nae Kwon  Tae-Hun Kim 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2018,54(1):303-318

A new observation processing system, the Korea Institute of Atmospheric Prediction Systems (KIAPS) Package for Observation Processing (KPOP), has been developed to provide optimal observation datasets to the data assimilation (DA) system for the Korean Integrated Model, KIM. This paper presents the KPOP’s conceptual design, how the principal modules have been developed, and some of their preliminary results. Currently, the KPOP is capable of processing almost all observation types used by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) and some new observation types that have a positive impact in other operational centers. We have developed an adaptive bias correction (BC) method that only uses the background of the analysis time and selects the best observations through the consecutive iteration of BC and quality control (QC); it has been verified that this method will be the best suited for the KIAPS DA system until the development of variational BC (VarBC) has been completed. The requirement of considering the radiosonde balloon drift in the DA according to the increase of spatial resolution of the NWP model was accounted for using a balloon drift estimation method that considers the pressure difference and wind speed; thus the distance error was less than 1% in the sample test. Some kind of widely used methods were tested for height adjustment of the SURFACE observation, and a new method for temperature adjustment was outlined that used the correlation between temperature and relative humidity. In addition, three types of map projection were compared: the cubed-sphere (CS), equidistance (ED), and equirectangular (ER) projection for thinning. Data denial experiments were conducted to investigate how the KPOP affected the quality of the analysis fields in the three-dimensional variational data assimilation system (3D-Var). Qualified observations produced by the KPOP had a positive impact by reducing the analysis error.  相似文献   

A study on the predictability of the transition day from the dry to the rainy season over South Korea     

Sang-Min Lee  Ji-Eun Nam  Hee-Wook Choi  Jong-Chul Ha  Yong Hee Lee  Yeon-Hee Kim  Hyun-Suk Kang  ChunHo Cho 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2016,125(3-4):449-467

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High-resolution simulations for Vietnam - methodology and evaluation of current climate     

Jack Katzfey  Kim Nguyen  John McGregor  Peter Hoffmann  Suppiah Ramasamy  Hiep Van Nguyen  Mai Van Khiem  Thang Van Nguyen  Kien Ba Truong  Thang Van Vu  Hien Thuan Nguyen  Tran Thuc  Doan Ha Phong  Bang Thanh Nguyen  Tan Phan-Van  Trung Nguyen-Quang  Thanh Ngo-Duc  Long Trinh-Tuan 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2016,52(2):91-106

To assist the government of Vietnam in its efforts to better understand the impacts of climate change and prioritise its adaptation measures, dynamically downscaled climate change projections were produced across Vietnam. Two Regional Climate Models (RCMs) were used: CSIRO’s variable-resolution Conformal-Cubic Atmospheric Model (CCAM) and the limited-area model Regional Climate Model system version 4.2 (RegCM4.2). First, global CCAM simulations were completed using bias- and variance-corrected sea surface temperatures as well as sea ice concentrations from six Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) global climate models. This approach is different from other downscaling approaches as it does not use any atmospheric fields from the GCMs. The global CCAM simulations were then further downscaled to 10 km using CCAM and to 20 km using RegCM4.2. Evaluations of temperature and precipitation for the current climate (1980-2000) were completed using station data as well as various gridded observational datasets. The RCMs were able to reproduce reasonably well most of the important characteristics of observed spatial patterns and annual cycles of temperature. Average and minimum temperatures were well simulated (biases generally less than 1oC), while maximum temperatures had biases of around 1oC. For precipitation, although the RCMs captured the annual cycle, RegCM4.2 was too dry in Oct.-Nov. (-60% bias), while CCAM was too wet in Dec.- Mar. (130% bias). Both models were too dry in summer and too wet in winter (especially in northern Vietnam). The ability of the ensemble simulations to capture current climate increases confidence in the simulations of future climate.  相似文献