Using Lego NXT to explore scientific literacy in disaster prevention and rescue systems   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

Bih-Yaw Shih  Chen-Yuan Chen  Chung-Wei Chen  I Hsin 《Natural Hazards》2012,64(1):153-171

This study explores the effectiveness of disaster prevention programs using NXT control techniques. The purpose of the cultivation of scientific literacy is to develop a more rational, scientific perspective on the current social changes and the impact of natural disasters. Using NXT as an effective scientific tool to support science education, we can further explore science education for the development of scientific literacy. The expectation confirmation model and technology acceptance model are used to explain the effect of technology products on the user??s satisfaction and intention. However, for the interpretation of scientific literacy, there is a lack of environmental and cognitive factors. So we combine social cognitive theory with social and scientific theories in our exploration of the use of NXT for the dominant effect of scientific literacy. The results demonstrate that users?? self-efficacy and the ease of use of NXT have low significance on use of scientific tools, but, at the end, it did not affect the user wishes. The interactions of NXT features and climate are the main causes of enhanced user intentions. Therefore, environmental factors are identified as an important reason for the development of scientific literacy. The results of this study on scientific literacy stimulate more directions for discussion.  相似文献   

Disaster prevention and reduction for exploring teachers’ technology acceptance using a virtual reality system and partial least squares techniques   总被引：8，自引：8，他引：0  

Chen-Yuan Chen  Bih-Yaw Shih  Shih-Hsien Yu 《Natural Hazards》2012,62(3):1217-1231

This study explores the effectiveness of disaster prevention programs using virtual reality and partial least squares techniques. The purpose is to gain an understanding of IS (information system) usage and acceptance behaviors, mainly the users’ acceptance of virtual reality, as well as provide a reference for future disaster prevention programs. Virtual reality is an important part of this process and needs a lot of special skills like knowledge of software and hardware for its development. To date, virtual reality has been used in many ways, such as in movies, for medical treatment and for educational training. This model incorporates the technology acceptance model, technology acceptance model 2 and IS success model and uses the partial least squares technique for structural modeling. The results indicate that virtual reality learning self-efficacy, subjective norms, system quality, information quality and service quality have a significant influence on perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and playfulness. Considering the users’ intention to use and attitude while using virtual reality, playfulness is more significant than either perceived usefulness or perceived ease of use.  相似文献   

Imaging X-ray Polarimeter for Solar Flares (IXPS)     

Michael Hosack  J. Kevin Black  Philip Deines-Jones  Brian R. Dennis  Joanne E. Hill  Keith Jahoda  Albert Y. Shih  Christian E. Urba  A. Gordon Emslie 《Experimental Astronomy》2011,32(2):101-125

We describe the design of a balloon-borne Imaging X-ray Polarimeter for Solar flares (IXPS). This novel instrument, a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) for photoelectric polarimetry, will be capable of measuring polarization at the few percent level in the 20?C50 keV energy range during an M- or X-class flare, and will provide imaging information at the ??10 arcsec level. The primary objective of such observations is to determine the directivity of nonthermal high-energy electrons producing solar hard X-rays, and hence to learn about the particle acceleration and energy release processes in solar flares. Secondary objectives include the separation of the thermal and nonthermal components of the flare X-ray emissions and the separation of photospheric albedo fluxes from direct emissions.  相似文献   

The variety of lithologies in the Yamato-86032 lunar meteorite: Implications for formation processes of the lunar crust     

A. Yamaguchi  Y. Karouji  H. Takeda  D. Bogard  C.-Y. Shih  D. Garrison  G. McKay 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2010,74(15):4507-4530

We performed a petrologic, mineralogical, geochemical, and isotopic study of several lithologies in the Y-86032 feldspathic breccia. This study leads us to conclude that Y-86032 likely originated on the lunar farside. Y-86032 is composed of several types of feldspathic clasts, granulitic breccias, and minor basaltic clasts set in a clastic matrix. We identify an “An97 anorthosite” that has An contents similar to those of nearside FANs. Mg′ (= molar Mg/(Mg + Fe) × 100) values vary significantly from ∼45 to ∼80 covering the ranges of both nearside FANs and the Mg′ gap between FANs and the Mg-suite. A light-gray feldspathic (LG) breccia making up ∼20% of the investigated slab (5.2 × 3.6 cm²) mainly consists of fragments of anorthosites (“An93 anorthosite”) more sodic than nearside FANs. LG also contains an augite-plagioclase clast which either could be genetically related to the An93 anorthosite or to slowly-cooled basaltic magma intruded into the precursor rock. The Na-rich nature of both An93 anorthosite and this clast indicates that the LG breccia was derived from a relatively Na-rich but incompatible-element-poor source. The Mg′ variation indicates that the “An97 anorthosite” is a genomict breccia of several types of primary anorthosites. Granulitic breccias in Y-86032 have relatively high Mg′ in mafic minerals. The highest Mg′ values in mafic minerals for the “An97 anorthosite” and granulitic breccias are similar to those of Mg-rich lithologies recently described in Dhofar 489. Basaltic clasts in the dark-gray matrix are aluminous, and the zoning trends of pyroxene are similar to those of VLT or LT basalts. The crystallization of these basaltic clasts pre-date the lithification age of the clastic matrix at ∼3.8 Ga. The low K contents of plagioclase in both the anorthositic and basaltic clasts and generally low incompatible element abundances in all the lithologies in Y-86032 indicate that KREEP was not involved during the formation of the precursor lithologies. This observation further suggests that urKREEP did not exist in the source regions of these igneous lithologies. All these facts support the idea that Y-86032 was derived from a region far distant from the PKT and that the lithic clasts and fragments are indigenous to that region. An An97 anorthositic clast studied here has distinct Sm-Nd isotopic systematics from those previously found for another An97 anorthositic clast and “An93 anorthosite”, and suggests either that An97 anorthosites come from isotopically diverse sources, or that the Sm-Nd isotopic systematics of this clast were reset ∼4.3 Ga ago. These lines of geochemical, isotopic, and petrologic evidence suggest that the lunar crust is geochemically more heterogeneous than previously thought.  相似文献   

Dynamics of deformation and water flow in heterogeneous porous media and its impact on soil properties     

Shih‐Jung Wang  Kuo‐Chin Hsu 《水文研究》2009,23(25):3569-3582

The interaction of geomechanics and flow within a soil body induces deformation and pore pressure change. Deformation may change hydrogeological and elastic properties, which alters the mechanical behaviour and results in non‐linearity. To investigate this interaction effect in a heterogeneous porous medium, a stochastic poroelastic model is proposed. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to determine the mean and uncertainty of the parameter changes, displacement, and change in pore water pressure. Hydraulic conductivity is treated as the only random variable in the coupled geomechanics‐flow system due to its large variation compared to other mechanical and hydrogeological properties in natural environments. The three considered non‐linear models for the interaction between parameters and deformation are those that consider (1) porosity and hydraulic conductivity; (2) porosity and Young's modulus; and (3) a combined effect that includes porosity, hydraulic conductivity, and Young's modulus. Boundary effects on the coupled system are also explored. The relationships between changes of porosity, hydraulic conductivity, and Young's modulus are analytically shown to be non‐linear. Among the considered parameters, the deformation effect induces the largest reduction in hydraulic conductivity. The deformation‐induced change in hydraulic conductivity shows the most significant effect on the mean and variance of the change in pore water pressure and displacement, while changes in Young's modulus have the least effect. When the deformation effect is considered, the superposition relationship does not exist in the mean displacement and mean change in pore water pressure for the three scenarios considered; it exists for the case without deformation effects. Deformation also causes a reduction in the effective hydraulic conductivity for the whole domain. The scenario that considers both loading and discharge boundaries has larger changes in hydrogeological and geo‐mechanical parameters than those in scenarios that consider loading and discharge boundaries separately. The results indicate that the interaction between deformation and changes in parameters has a profound effect on the poroelastic system. The effect of deformation should thus be considered in modelling and practice. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Ten guiding principles for the delineation of priority habitat for endangered small cetaceans     

Peter S. Ross  Jay Barlow  Thomas A. Jefferson  Brendan E. Hickie  Tatiana Lee  Christina MacFarquhar  E. Christien Parsons  Kimberly N. Riehl  Naomi A. Rose  Elisabeth Slooten  Chia-Yang Tsai  John Y. Wang  Andrew J. Wright  Shih Chu Yang 《Marine Policy》2011

The adoption of endangered species laws in various nations has intensified efforts to better understand, and protect, at-risk species or populations, and their habitats. In many countries, delineating a portion of a species' habitat as particularly worthy of protection has become a mantra of these laws. Unfortunately, the laws themselves often provide scientists and managers with few, if any, guidelines for how to define such habitat. Conservationists and scientists may view protecting part of the habitat of an endangered species as an ineffectual compromise, while managers may be under pressure to allow a range of human activities within the species' habitat. In the case of small cetaceans, establishing boundaries for such areas can also be complicated by their mobility, the fluid nature of their environment, and the often ephemeral nature of their habitat features. The convergence of multiple human impacts in coastal waters around the world is impacting many small cetaceans (and other species) that rely on these areas for feeding, reproducing, and resting. The ten guiding principles presented here provide a means to characterize the habitat needs of small, at-risk cetaceans, and serve as a basis for the delineation of ‘priority habitat’ boundaries. This conceptual approach should facilitate a constructive discourse between scientists and managers engaged in efforts to recover endangered species. The degree to which the recovery of an at-risk species can be reconciled with sustainable economic activity will depend in part on how well these principles are incorporated into the delineation of priority habitat.  相似文献   

Eco-environmental impact assessment of pre-leisure beach nourishment on the benthic invertebrate community at Anping coast   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Chun-Han SHIH  Ta-Jen CHU  Wen-Chieh CHOU  Wei-Tse CHANG  Ying-Chou LEE 《中国海洋工程》2011,25(2):215-236

In recent years,owing to global warming and the rising sea levels,beach nourishment and groin building have been increasingly employed to protect coastal land from shoreline erosion.These actions may degrade beach habitats and reduce biomass and invertebrate density at sites where they were employed.We conducted an eco-environmental evaluation at the Anping artificial beach-nourishment project area.At this site,sand piles within a semi-enclosed spur groin have been enforced by use of eco-engineering concepts since 2003.Four sampling sites were monitored during the study period from July 2002 to September 2008.The environmental impact assessment and biological investigations that we conducted are presented here.The results from this study indicate that both biotic(number of species,number of individual organisms,and Shannon-Wiener diversity) and abiotic parameters(suspended solids,biological oxygen demand,chemical oxygen demand,dissolved inorganic nitrogen,dissolved inorganic phosphorus,total phosphorus,total organic carbon,median diameter,and water content) showed significant differences before and after beach engineering construction.Biological conditions became worse in the beginning stages of the engineering but improved after the restoration work completion.This study reveals that the composition of benthic invertebrates changed over the study period,and two groups of organisms,Bivalvia and Gastropoda,seemed to be particularly suitable to this habitat after the semi-enclosed artificial structures completion.  相似文献   

Transient deformation of a poroelastic channel bed     

P.C. Hsieh  W.P. Shih  L.H. Huang 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2002,26(13):1279-1298

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Long-term impact of extra sediment on notches and incised meanders in the Hoshe River, Taiwan   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Su-Chin CHEN  Chun-Hung WU  Yi-Chiung CHAO  Pei-Yu SHIH 《山地科学学报》2013,10(5):716-723

The extra sediment load induced by typhoons and rainstorms in the Heshe River,Taiwan,are the principal reason for severe sediment-related disasters.The total sediment load during Typhoon Morakot in 2009 was 31 × 106m3,accounting for 95% of the annual sediment discharge.Large amounts of sediment load entered the Hoshe River,causing the braiding index(BI) to increase.Subsequently,the BI became positively correlated with the channel width in the Hoshe River.The specific typhoon and rainstorm events decreased after Typhoon Morakot,the sediment input decreased,inducing the fluvial morphology of the braided river to develop into a meandering river.The extra sediment load induced the deposition depth to increase and produce a headward deposition in the main channel and its tributaries.In addition,the river bend and the topographical notch restrained the sediment from moving downstream and being stored locally,indirectly increasing the erosion density of the river banks from 2.5 to 10.5 times.  相似文献   

Erratum to: Potential volume for CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> deep ocean sequestration: an assessment of the area located on western Pacific Ocean     

David Ching-Fang Shih  Yih-Min Wu  Jyr-Ching Hu 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2016,30(2):447-447

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