排序方式： 共有57条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
鸟眼构造是碳酸盐岩地层中一种特殊的构造,指示潮上-潮间带沉积环境。安徽巢湖地区三叠系东马鞍山组底部普遍发育一层鸟眼构造,但对其矿物学、地球化学特征及成因还缺乏基本的认识。通过光学显微镜、粉晶X-射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱分析及LA-ICP-MS原位微区元素含量测定等方法,对东马鞍山组鸟眼构造的矿物学及元素地球化学特征进行探究。结果表明:鸟眼内部矿物组合以方解石为主,石英及黏土矿物含量较低,方解石晶粒较大且由核部到边部晶粒逐渐变小,富集Sr、REE等离子半径较大的元素;基质矿物组合以白云石为主,石英及黏土矿物含量多于鸟眼核部,有机质含量较高,主要富集Fe、Cu、Ti等离子半径较小或不易迁移的元素。这些综合信息反映了巢湖东鞍山组鸟眼构造是由成岩阶段基质白云岩化析出Ca,在沉积有机质分解聚集形成的气泡孔洞中重新沉淀形成方解石而成。 相似文献
52.
利用XRD和SEM测试方法表征了热活化胶状黄铁矿结构和微观形貌,考察了溶液pH、溶解氧和热活化温度对热活
化胶状黄铁矿去除水中Cd（Ⅱ）的影响,并探讨了除Cd（Ⅱ）反应动力学和作用机理。胶状黄铁矿在N2氛围下650℃热活化
5 min可完全分解生成多孔结构化单斜磁黄铁矿（PMPyr）。在pH 2~6的无氧水溶液中PMPyr除Cd（Ⅱ）效率均达到88%以
上,除Cd（Ⅱ）效率受pH影响较小;PMPyr表面氧化会抑制其与Cd（Ⅱ）的反应。PMPyr除Cd（Ⅱ）动力学可用准二级动力学模型拟合（R2> 0.9992）,结合溶液pH变化趋势、Fe（Ⅱ）和SO42-浓度变化推测,PMPyr除Cd（Ⅱ）机理主要是Fe1-xS和CdS溶度积差异推动了PMPyr与Cd（Ⅱ）交换反应,表面络合属于次要作用。 相似文献
53.
凹凸棒石吸附性能应用的制约因素 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
凹凸棒石是链层状硅酸盐， 具有３－８?×６－３?孔道、较大的比表面积和吸附能力。但是由于凹凸棒石孔道直径小于大多数分子及水合离子的直径， 除少数简单分子和离子外， 多数分子和离子都不能进入凹凸棒石孔道， 而且凹凸棒石选择性吸附水分子， 因而在多数情况下， 凹凸棒石对吸附质的吸附不是内表面吸附， 而是外表面吸附。并且外表面吸附是胶体和离子交换吸附。本文阐述了凹凸棒石的孔道直径、吸附选择性、体系ｐＨ 值及凹凸棒石和蒙脱石胶体颗粒的互相作用对凹凸棒石吸附性能应用的制约。 相似文献
54.
大量研究证实成壤磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿是黄土-红粘土磁化率变化主要原因,但是对这些磁性矿物起源于无机沉淀还是生物作用尚需深入研究.为此,本文选择黄土高原200余米厚的西峰黄土-红粘土序列为主要研究对象,采用化学分析和透射电镜手段,对其中有机质含量和磁性矿物成因进行研究,结果表明:S5以来的沉积层有机质含量相对较高,集中在0.25％ ～0.50％之间,有机质含量变化与黄土和古土壤层磁化率变化基本一致,即有机质高值对应磁化率高值,有机质与磁化率值成正相关;S5以下至午城黄土底部不仅有机质含量降低而且变化幅度减小;红粘土沉积层中,虽然不能完全遵循磁化率高值对应有机质高值,但基本符合峰-峰和谷-谷对应规律.有机质和磁化率的相关性以及透射电镜研究表明,生物成因磁性矿物是风尘序列磁化率变化的主要原因,有机质含量高低反映风尘序列成壤过程中生物地球化学强度变化,生物将磁化率和古气候密切联系起来.黄土和红粘土磁化率古气候意义相似,但是由于黄土和红粘土形成于不同气候背景下,不能仅仅利用二者磁化率大小对比反演古气候,利用表土磁化率重建古气候要考虑气候载体形成的气候背景差异. 相似文献
55.
陕西安康的瓦房店、紫阳、岚皋、镇坪和湖北竹溪一带的早古生代地层中广泛出露具双峰式岩浆岩组合的岩墙群。本文通过紫阳高滩辉长岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究,获得其侵位年龄为410±4.5 Ma。高滩辉长岩具有类似OIB的稀土元素和微量元素分配特征,Th/Nb比值小于0.11,Nb/Zr大于0.15,显示其形成于与地幔柱活动相关的富集地幔源区。Nb/U、Ce/Pb比值及U、Th、Pb和Ni含量特征显示岩浆演化早期经历橄榄石和辉石的弱分离结晶作用,岩浆上升过程中几乎未受到地壳物质混染作用。高滩辉长岩年代学、微量元素地球化学特征及区域地质特征表明,早古生代晚期扬子陆块北缘地幔柱作用使得该区软流圈地幔上涌,导致扬子板块北缘陆内裂解,引发紫阳、岚皋一带早古生代晚期的基性岩浆作用。由于地幔深部热动力条件制约,这次大陆裂解事件未能持续。高滩辉长岩锆石年龄是对扬子板块北缘陆内裂解事件的响应。 相似文献
56.
Soil contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at natural recreational areas in Delaware,USA
Shoujun Yuan Kebin Li Tianhu Chen Xiaolong Bi Qiquan Wang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(2):387-398
As a US east coast state with a major income from outdoor recreation and tourism, Delaware highly values its environmental quality and natural resources. However, no results on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contamination in soil at natural recreational areas (NRAs) in the state have been reported. In this study soil samples from seven state parks, two city parks, two state forests, and two national wildlife refuges in Delaware were analyzed for the concentrations of 12 selected PAHs. Results indicated that the median concentration of total PAHs in urban, suburban, and rural NRAs was 1,159, 138, and 130 μg/kg, respectively. Based on the classification proposed by Maliszewska-Kordybach, soil PAH contamination level at almost all sampling sites in urban NRAs was classified as contaminated or heavily contaminated, while that at sampling sites in suburban and rural NRAs was classified as not or weakly contaminated. Principal component analysis showed that all these areas share the same independent variable, which may be composed of one or more contribution sources. Pyrogenic processes were inferred to be the major source of soil PAH contamination in Delaware NRAs. Individual PAH concentration at all sampling sites were observed below the limit of Canadian Quality Guidelines except for site F3, where the concentration of benzo[b]flouranthene, benzo[k]flouranthene, and benzo[a]pyrene was found to exceed the limit by 88.3, 125, and 281 %, respectively. Further investigation on PAH contamination and possible remediation in area F are recommended. 相似文献
57.
The effects of goethite on the anaerobic bio-decomposition of sulfate minerals were investigated by using the beef extract
as a carbon source and the activated sludge as the source of mixed bacteria. Solution pH, sulfate concentration, total iron
ion concentration and the solid products of four different batch tests were monitored and analyzed. Experimental results showed
that the presence of iron oxide can improve the alkalinity of the reaction system which results in the increase of pH value.
Moreover, the added goethite consumed a large amount of H2S generated from the sulfate minerals by SRB, thereby significantly enhancing the decomposition of gypsum and anhydrite compared
with the control batch tests. In addition, the SEM observation and the EDS spectra showed that there were some rod-shaped
microorganisms and new generated minerals, such as iron sulfide, calcium carbonate crystals, and elemental sulfur. Both of
the proliferation of new minerals (iron sulfide and calcium carbonate crystals) and the complete disappearance of sulfate
minerals indicated that iron oxide can play the role in fixing the S element through the metabolism of SRB and hence improve
the bio-decomposition of sulfate minerals. 相似文献