Das Schwerefeld eines Rotationssymmetrischen homogenen Ellipsoidsegmentes     

Tibor Kolbenheyer 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1967,11(4):413-418

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Das Magnetische Feld Eines Geraden Kreiszylinders Bei Homogener Magnetisierung     

Tibor Kolbenheyer 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1964,8(2):162-173

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Integration prospects of the Hungarian transport network into the more advanced European networks     

Tibor Tiner 《GeoJournal》1994,32(4):369-371

In spite of the advantageous transport-geographic situation of Hungary, the four decades of the so called planned socialist economy, neglecting the transportational infrastructure, made the country lag behind the rest of Europe. The two main points in the current development of the Hungarian transportation system are the establishment of proper links with the more developed western European transportational network, and starting a substantial technical development in all respects of domestic transportation in order to approach the standards of the more developed countries. The paper reviews the main characteristics of the project of the Hungarian development of transport by road and rail.  相似文献   

The morphology of a Messinian valley and its hinterland (Ventimiglia,NW Italy): a Miocene to Pliocene reconstruction     

Jurgen P.T. Foeken  Giovanni Bertotti  Tibor J. Dunai 《Geological Journal》2006,41(5):465-480

Along the Ligurian coast (NW Italy), Alpine‐folded and slightly metamorphosed rocks experienced fluvial to marine erosion prior to and during the base level fall associated with the Messinian salinity crisis. Following the subsequent sea‐level rise at the onset of the Pliocene, valleys incised along the coastal margins during the Messinian salinity crisis were partly filled with Pliocene marine and continental deposits. One such valley‐infill system is exposed near Ventimiglia (NW Italy). Using geological cross‐sections and geomorphological analysis we have constrained its shape and dimensions, as well as the morphology of its hinterland. The Messinian valley was very open, ∼10 km wide and probably 500 m deep. The basal unconformity between the Pliocene sediments and the underlying substratum is characterized by a smooth surface that has on either side of the palaeo‐valley a dip between 2 and 10°. The basal unconformity in the southernmost part of the palaeo‐valley roughly coincides with present‐day sea level. The hinterland of the middle Pliocene sea was characterized by kilometres‐wide valleys surrounded by mountains with a relief gentler than at present. The shapes and dimensions of the Messinian Ventimiglia valley and the relief during Pliocene times are different from those derived from comparable structures in SE France and NW Italy. We interpret this as being due to the exhumation history that the Ventimiglia region, different from the surrounding areas, experienced over the last few million years. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Evaluating Uncertainties in Coronal Electron Temperature and Radial Speed Measurements Using a Simulation of the Bastille Day Eruption     

Nelson Reginald  Orville St. Cyr  Joseph Davila  Lutz Rastaetter  Tibor Török 《Solar physics》2018,293(5):82

Obtaining reliable measurements of plasma parameters in the Sun’s corona remains an important challenge for solar physics. We previously presented a method for producing maps of electron temperature and speed of the solar corona using K-corona brightness measurements made through four color filters in visible light, which were tested for their accuracies using models of a structured, yet steady corona. In this article we test the same technique using a coronal model of the Bastille Day (14 July 2000) coronal mass ejection, which also contains quiet areas and streamers. We use the coronal electron density, temperature, and flow speed contained in the model to determine two K-coronal brightness ratios at (410.3, 390.0 nm) and (423.3, 398.7 nm) along more than 4000 lines of sight. Now assuming that for real observations, the only information we have for each line of sight are these two K-coronal brightness ratios, we use a spherically symmetric model of the corona that contains no structures to interpret these two ratios for electron temperature and speed. We then compare the interpreted (or measured) values for each line of sight with the true values from the model at the plane of the sky for that same line of sight to determine the magnitude of the errors. We show that the measured values closely match the true values in quiet areas. However, in locations of coronal structures, the measured values are predictably underestimated or overestimated compared to the true values, but can nevertheless be used to determine the positions of the structures with respect to the plane of the sky, in front or behind. Based on our results, we propose that future white-light coronagraphs be equipped to image the corona using four color filters in order to routinely create coronal maps of electron density, temperature, and flow speed.  相似文献   

Radiological aspects of red mud disaster in Hungary     

Tibor Kovács  Zoltán Sas  Viktor Jobbágy  Anita Csordás  Gábor Szeiler  János Somlai 《Acta Geophysica》2013,61(4):1026-1037

One of the most severe industrial catastrophes happened in Kolontár, Hungary, on 4 October 2010. Red mud (bauxite residue) broke through the eroded wall of the red mud reservoir pond “Number X” and flooded the surrounding area. This led to the instant death of 10 people and the injury of more than 100 people. Red mud is enriched in radium and thorium isotopes; therefore, there is a chance that this flooding will increase radionuclide concentrations of soils and also in air. In this study we have examined the site to assess the realistic radiological risks. For the risk assessment the following parameters were determined: gamma dose rate, radon concentration, radionuclide concentration of red mud and air dust concentration. It was found that the radiation dose exposure resulting from red mud contamination was < 0.045 mSv y^?1 (excluding radon), which can be considered negligible when compared to the average annual effective dose from natural sources (2.4 mSv y^?1).  相似文献   

LA-ICP-MS study of apatite- and K feldspar-hosted primary carbonatite melt inclusions in clinopyroxenite xenoliths from lamprophyres, Hungary: Implications for significance of carbonatite melts in the Earth’s mantle     

Tibor Guzmics  János Kodolányi  Werner Halter 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2008,72(7):1864-1886

We report the results of LA-ICP-MS analyses of rock forming minerals in clinopyroxene-apatite-K feldspar-phlogopite (CAKP) metasomatic xenoliths and primary carbonatite melt inclusions (CMI) hosted in apatite (Ap) and K feldspar (Kfs). The xenoliths are from the Cretaceous lamprophyre dikes of the Transdanubian Central Range, Hungary. The CMI in Ap have phosphorus dolomitic composition as opposed to CMI in Kfs, which display dolomitic alkali-aluminosiliceous character. The melts found in CMI in Ap and in Kfs likely formed by liquid-liquid separation from an originally carbonate- and phosphorous-rich melt. Primitive mantle (PM) normalized trace element distributions of both Ap- and Kfs-hosted CMI (n = 60 and 20, respectively) reveal a strong negative Ti-anomaly, and an extreme enrichment in incompatible elements (U, Th, LILE and LREE) relative to HREE, Sc, V, Ni and Cr. Rarely, apatites contain unique CMI, which show major- and trace-element signature transitional to K feldspar-hosted CMI. This is due to heterogeneous entrapment of an immiscible phosphorous-bearing carbonatite melt and a carbonate-bearing alkali aluminosiliceous melt, which is a further evidence for their co-existence. CMI reveal that U, Th, Pb, Nb, Ta, P, Sr, Y and REE partitioned into the phosphorous-bearing carbonatite melt, whereas Cs, Rb, Na, K, B, Al, Zr and Hf preferred the silicate-bearing liquid.PM normalized REE pattern (high LREE/HREE), elevated Zr and Hf contents and negative Ti anomaly of clinopyroxene (Cpx) indicate that its formation is genetically linked to carbonatite metasomatism attested by CMI. Trace element partitioning between the studied Cpx and CMI is in accordance with experimentally determined trace element distributions between Cpx and carbonatite melt. Cpx, which occur in samples with high modal proportion of apatite represent mantle section, which interacted with a higher amount of “initial” carbonatite melt than Cpx from apatite-poor xenoliths. This is confirmed by higher Cr, Ni, V, Sc, Ti and lower Zr, as well as Hf concentration in Cpx from xenoliths with low modal abundance of Ap. CMI reveal that Ti, V, Ni and Cr were in lower concentration in the “initial” carbonatite melt than in PM. Contrarily, Zr and Hf were more abundant in this melt than in PM. Consequently, a continuously migrating “initial” carbonatite melt, increased Zr and Hf concentration, and decreased Ti, Sc, V, Ni and especially Cr in the clinopyroxenes. Our findings suggest that the studied CAKP rocks were formed by carbonatite melt metasomatism, which occurred in an open system in the upper mantle.  相似文献   

Topical Collection: Climate-change research by early-career hydrogeologists     

Viviana Re  Carlos H. Maldaner  Jason J. Gurdak  Marc Leblanc  Tales Carvalho Resende  Tibor Y. Stigter 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(3):673-676

Scientific outreach, international networking, collaboration and adequate courses are needed in both developed and developing countries to enable early-career hydrogeologists to promote long-term multidisciplinary approaches to cope with climate-change issues and emphasize the importance of groundwater in a global strategy for adaptation. One such collaboration has involved the Early Career Hydrogeologists’ Network of the International Association of Hydrogeologists (ECHN-IAH) and the UNESCO International Hydrological Programme’s (IHP) Groundwater Resources Assessment under the Pressures of Humanity and Climate Changes (GRAPHIC) project. This collaboration seeks to foster the education and involvement of the future generation of water leaders in the debate over groundwater and climate change.  相似文献   

Melting experiments on the enstatite-diopside join at 70–224 kbar,including the melting of diopside     

Tibor Gasparik 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1996,124(2):139-153

 Melting relations on the enstatite−diopside (En, Mg₂Si₂O₆−Di, CaMgSi₂O₆) join, including the compositions of crystalline phases and melts coexisting along the solidi, were experimentally determined in the pressure range 70–224 kbar with a split-sphere anvil apparatus (USSA-2000). Melting is peritectic in enstatite-rich compositions at 70–124 kbar (1840–2100° C) and eutectic at higher pressures, while the diopside-rich clinopyroxene melts azeotropically at 70–165 kbar and up to 300° C lower temperatures than the eutectic. Orthopyroxene is replaced with enstatite-rich clinopyroxene at 120 kbar and 2090°C. First garnet with 17 mol% Di forms on the solidus at 158 kbar and 2100° C. Two garnets coexist on the solidus at 165–183 kbar and 2100° C, garnet coexists with CaSiO₃ perovskite at 183–224 kbar (2100–2230° C) and two coexisting perovskites are stable at higher pressures. The melting curve of diopside was determined at 80–170 kbar; the slope becomes negative at 140 kbar and 2155° C. At 170 kbar and 2100° C, diopside with 96% Di breaks down to garnet with 89% Di and CaSiO₃ perovskite. The new data were used to calculate an improved temperature-pressure phase diagram for the CMAS system, which can be useful for estimating the mineralogy of the Earth's upper mantle. Received: 15 October 1994 / Accepted: 15 October 1995  相似文献   

Experimental investigation of the effect of metasomatism by carbonatic melt on the composition and structure of the deep mantle   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Tibor Gasparik  Yuriy A. Litvin 《Lithos》2002,60(3-4):129-143

The compositions of various transition-zone and lower-mantle phases and coexisting carbonatic melts were determined by exploratory melting experiments in chemically complex CO₂-bearing systems at 20–24.5 GPa and 1600–2000 °C. The melts are highly ultramafic, enriched in K, Na, Ca, Fe, and Mg, and depleted in Al and Si. Melting experiments were also carried out with the compositions on the join Mg₂SiO₄–Na₂CO₃ at 3.7 GPa and 1200–1600 °C. The solidus assemblage of MgCO₃ and Na₂MgSiO₄ melts incongruently to produce forsterite and Na-rich melt. The new results and other recent studies in CO₂-bearing systems suggest that carbonatic melt could be present, either transiently or permanently, in the whole Earth's upper mantle and at least the uppermost lower mantle. Carbonate-melt metasomatism is recognized as a process that could have a major effect on the composition and structure of the deep mantle, and thus play an important role in its evolution. Due to the unique properties of the carbonatic melt, its circulation in an otherwise static mantle could be a more efficient process than the solid-state convection for maintaining equilibrium in most of the mantle not involved directly in plate tectonics.  相似文献