21世纪气候变暖并未停滞     

王绍武 罗勇赵宗慈  闻新宇黄建斌 《气候变化研究进展》2013,9(5):386-387

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到2035年中国将继续变暖吗？     

赵宗慈郭彦  黄建斌罗勇 《气候变化研究进展》2013,9(6):446-448

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刘斌  张景发  罗毅  姜文亮  李永生 《大地测量与地球动力学》2013,33(4):4-8

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卫星散射计与海面平台所测的风场数据比较     

张婷  张杰  杨俊钢  孟俊敏 《海洋学研究》2013,31(2):45-51

基于南海北部海面PY30-1石油平台气象站测风仪2011年7月19日—2012年9月17日实测的风场数据,分别开展了对卫星搭载的ASCAT和HY-2散射计所测风场数据的比较研究,分析散射计的测风能力(选取的时空窗口为30 min和25 km)。结果表明:在南海北部海域,ASCAT 散射计所测风速和PY30-1石油平台气象站观测风速的均方根误差为2.53 m/s,风向偏差较大,均方根误差为47.87°;HY-2散射计所测风速和PY30-1石油平台气象站观测风速的均方根误差为3.41 m/s,风向的均方根误差为58.66°。分别按低、中和高风速的不同条件将ASCAT和HY-2散射计所测的风场数据与PY30-1石油平台气象站观测的风场数据加以比较可知,ASCAT和HY-2散射计都具有较好的测风能力, 前者所测风速与PY30-1石油平台气象站测风仪观测风速的均方根误差稍小于后者。在150 min和15 km的时空窗口下,ASCAT与HY-2散射计所测风速的均方根误差为0.72 m/s,风向的均方根误差为8.50°。  相似文献   

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罗登贵  林松 《大地测量与地球动力学》2013,33(1):157-159

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湖北省潮汐形变观测异常及干扰识别   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙伶俐  李明  蒋玲霞  罗俊秋  戴苗  马武刚 《大地测量与地球动力学》2013,(Z1):36-40

对2003—2013年湖北省数字化定点形变潮汐观测中的突跳、阶变、震颤等异常的分析发现,气象因素对形变潮汐观测的影响复杂:1)不同气压场控制影响形变观测的异常形态不同,但响应频率一致;2)台风对形变观测的秒值和分钟值数据在1～4秒和2～4分钟较高频段均有响应;3)台址条件不同,降雨对形变观测产生的畸变影响不同。影响范围一般在0～全日波频段且存在较大的噪声;4)短时大气温度变化对形变观测有一定影响,会使曲线发生抖动或暂态波动,在64～128分钟和128～256分钟较低频段上有响应。水库冲沙、水库蓄水、土石开挖等环境荷载变化对分钟值观测曲线产生明显阶跃、抖动型实时畸变。人员进洞、施工、仪器标定检修等人为活动对观测曲线的影响可直接识别。  相似文献   

海陆一体机载激光扫描仪的设计     

李世鹏  郭唐永  罗青山  刘坚  王培源  杜瑞林 《大地测量与地球动力学》2013,(Z2):58-60,70

提出了海陆一体机载激光扫描仪设计方案。采用高频双波长激光以及大动态接收光路,实现地貌与水深的联合探测;采用基于自校准时间数字转换,重构高精度的点云数据;采用基于编码正交频分复用调制解调技术,实现机载点云探测数据的快速回传。  相似文献   

Revealing storage-area relationship of open water in ungauged subalpine wetland — Napahai in Northwest Yunnan, China     

LI Jie  HU Jin-ming  DENG Wei  HUANG Sheng-li  JIA Hai-feng  ZHU Chun-ling  LUO Huai-xiu 《山地科学学报》2013,10(4):553-563

Mountains and plateaus in Southwest China contain many subalpine and alpine wetlands, with significant hydroecological functions. But ungauged or poorly gauged conditions limit the study and understanding of hydrological regimes of these wetland types. This study selects an ungauged subalpine wetland-Napahai in Northwest Yunnan, China-as a case for developing a practical approach to revealing its storage-area relationship of open water. A Trimble R8 GNSS (Global Navigation Satellites Systems) RTK (Real-time Kinematic system) and sonar fathometer were used to survey fine-resolution elevation data and generate a digital elevation model of the Napahai Wetland. Forty-four Landsat images from 1987 to 2011 were collected, and the Normalized Difference Water Index was used to classify open water features in the area. The area of open water in Napahai was calculated for each phase. With these data and a developed conceptual model, the storage of open water for each phase was estimated using ArcGIS tools. Both storage and area of open water showed significant intra-annual and inter-annual variations. In the rainy season, the monthly change of average storage of open water in Napahai showed about 1-2 months lag behind mean monthly rainfall. The storage-area relationship of open water was well fit by a power function equation (R 2 ≈0.91, n=44). This study indicates that if detailedelevations are available for similarly ungauged subalpine wetlands in Southwest China, researchers can use this practical approach to estimate multi- temporal areas and storages and reveal the storage-area relationship of open water in the wetlands. The study provided valuable information of this case wetland for optimizing its hydro-ecological managements and a new method to wetland researchers and managers for the hydrological study of similarly ungauged wetland complex.  相似文献   

A study of soil-dynamics based on a simulated drought in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau     

WANG Zhi-yuan  SUN Geng  LUO Peng  MOU Cheng-xiang  WANG Jun 《山地科学学报》2013,10(5):833-844

Extreme weather events have played an important role in driving the ecosystem dynamics in high altitude areas,but the underlying mechanism remains unclear.To understand if and how the soil processes of an ecosystem react to extreme drought,we manipulated a once-in-a-century meteorological extreme drought in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau,which is also known as the "forerunner of global weather changes".The extremity was determined by statistical extreme weather events with respect to a historical reference period from April to September during 1962-2004,where the local historical precipitation data was calculated and intensified to 100-year recurrent drought event with GumbelⅠdistribution.The indicators we measured included soil microbial biomass C/N/P and soil enzymatic activities of phosphatase(AP) disbounding organic phosphate,cellobiohydrolase(CBH),βglucocidase(BG),N-releasing enzyme N-acetylglucosaminidase(NAG) as well as soil respirations,during and after the treatments.It was found that the manipulated event induced a rapid shift in microbial biomass and activities,indicating a lower resistance of the underground process.However,the microbial and biochemical parameters saw rapid recovery after the event,which meant the soil processes enjoyed high resilience.The high responsiveness and lag-time effects of the soil indicators rendered new horizons for us to evaluate the interaction between the extremes and the ecosystem stability.Our study indicated that the once-in-a-century extreme drought induced very short term response in the soil biotic process,and the soil processes worked to buffer against such events under the observation period.  相似文献   

A generalized limit equilibrium method for the solution of active earth pressure on a retaining wall     

Chao-jun Ouyang  Qiang Xu  Si-ming He  Yu Luo  Yong Wu 《山地科学学报》2013,10(6):1018-1027

In this paper, a generalized limit equilibrium method of solving the active earth pressure problem behind a retaining wall is proposed. Differing from other limit equilibrium methods, an arbitrary slip surface shape without any assumptions of pre-defined shapes is needed in the current framework, which is verified to find the most probable failure slip surface. Based on the current computational framework, numerical comparisons with experiment, discrete element method and other methods are carried out. In addition, the influences of the inclination of the wall, the soil cohesion, the angle of the internal friction of the soil, the slope inclination of the backfill soil on the critical pressure coefficient of the soil, the point of application of the resultant earth pressure and the shape of the slip surface are also carefully investigated. The results demonstrate that limit equilibrium solution from predefined slip plane assumption, including Coulomb solution, is a special case of current computational framework. It is well illustrated that the current method is feasible to evaluate the characteristics of earth pressure problem.  相似文献