Contraints on the evolution of the Mid German Crystalline Rise — a study of outcrops west of the river Rhine     

Th. Flöttmann  O. Oncken 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1992,81(2):515-543

Several small outcrops along the western Rhinegraben escarpment expose rocks which represent the western prolongation of the so-called Mid-German Crystalline Rise. This basement ridge separates the Rhenohercynian and Saxothuringian zones of the Variscan belt of Europe and thus marks the boundary between the external and the internal zones. The variable rock association includes an orthogneissamphibolite complex, weakly deformed low grade sediments (?Devonian and Visean), and a number of different syn- to post-orogenic granodioritic to granitic intrusives, all crosscut by Late Lower Carboniferous undeformed lamprophyric dikes and unconformable overlain by Permian sediments and volcanics. Largely isothermal decompression during coaxial fabric evolution in the orthogneiss complex marks an early stage of deformation possibly due to crustal attenuation. Peak metamorphism (amphibolite/greenschist facies) in the other sequences with only minor orogenic shortening is succeeded by retrogressive strike-slip deformation associated to peak intrusive activity. The encountered typically low-P high-T metamorphism, the predominant strike-slip type kinematic pattern, and the preservation of parts of the Devono-Carboniferous sedimentary cover of the Rise preclude major crustal thickening and subsequent exhumation. An exception is the probably thrust-bounded juxtaposition of the Albersweiler orthogneisses and Burrweiler schists which is supported by their respective PT-paths. The orogenic imprint in the sedimentary cover of the crystalline rise appears to be thermal rather than strain-induced, suggesting a dominant role of the abundant pre- to late-orogenic intrusives. The essential aspects of this sequence of related structural and thermal events as well as the rock type association suggest a largely submarine incipient magmatic arc type of orogenic environment for this part of the Variscan belt. Its evolution probably started during the Upper Devonian on a disintegrating continental platform and proceeded through the Lower Carboniferous continental collision with the Rhenohercynian zone entailing a concomittant switch in deformation mode of the upper plate.  相似文献   

Berichtigung zu W. Morauf: Rb−Sr- und K−Ar-Evidenz für eine intensive alpidische Beeinflussung der Paragesteine in Kor- und Saualpe,SE-Ostalpen, Österreich     

H. W. Flügel 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1982,30(2):141-141

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Book reviews     

Andreas Hohn  Winfried Flüchter  Helmut Blume  Bernard K. Maloney  Herbert Kariel 《GeoJournal》1993,29(4):446-450

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Crystal structure and growth fabric of length-fast chalcedony     

G. Miehe  H. Graetsch  O. W. Flörke 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1984,10(5):197-199

Chalcedony from Brazilian agates, has been investigated by using transmission-electron microscopy, X-ray-diffraction, thermogravimetry and optical techniques. The quartz fibers of length-fast chalcedony are composed of submicroscopical polysynthetic, lamellar-twinned right- and lefthanded crystals, according to the Brazil law. This very narrow twinning causes 3 systems of diffuse diffraction streaks (corresponding to the three-fold symmetry) parallel to 〈10.1〉, very frequently possessing an intensity maximum at h±1/2, k, l±1/2. These extra reflections were detected both in electron- and X-ray-diffraction patterns. Wall-lining chalcedony is parallel fibrous consisting of smaller crystallites with a higher total water content (0.06±0.01 μm and 1.2±0.1 wt %) than spherulitic chalcedony in horizontal agate bands (ca. 0.1 μm and 0.7±0.1 wt%).  相似文献   

Competition between pelagic and benthic microalgae for phosphorus and light   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Sabine Flöder  Anja Combüchen  Annika Pasternak  Helmut Hillebrand 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2006,68(4):425-433

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European participatory scenario development: strengthening the link between stories and models     

Kasper Kok  Ilona Bärlund  Martina Flörke  Ian Holman  Marc Gramberger  Jan Sendzimir  Benjamin Stuch  Katharina Zellmer 《Climatic change》2015,128(3-4):187-200

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Modelling the effects of cross-sectoral water allocation schemes in Europe     

Florian Wimmer  Eric Audsley  Marcus Malsy  Cristina Savin  Robert Dunford  Paula A. Harrison  Rüdiger Schaldach  Martina Flörke 《Climatic change》2015,128(3-4):229-244

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Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Phytoplanktons des Brienzersees     

Hans Flück 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1928,4(1-2):1-70

Ohne Zusammenfassung Interlaken.  相似文献   

A review of ENSO prediction studies   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

M. Latif  T. P. Barnett  M. A. Cane  M. Flügel  N. E. Graham  H. von Storch  J. -S. Xu  S. E. Zebiak 《Climate Dynamics》1994,9(4-5):167-179

A hierarchy of ENSO (El Niño/Southern Oscillation) prediction schemes has been developed which includes statistical schemes and physical models. The statistical models are, in general, based on advanced statistical techniques and can be classified into models which use either low-frequency variations in the atmosphere (sea level pressure or surface wind) or upper ocean heat content as predictors. The physical models consist of coupled ocean-atmosphere models of varying degrees of complexity, ranging from simplified coupled models of the shallow water-type to coupled general circulation models. All models, statistical and physical, perform considerably better than the persistence forecast on predicting typical indices of ENSO on lead times of 6 to 12 months. The most successful prediction schemes, the fully physical coupled ocean-atmosphere models, show significant prediction abilities at lead times exceeding one year period. We therefore conclude that ENSO is predictable at least one year in advance. However, all of this applies to gross indices of ENSO such as the Southern Oscillation Index. Despite the demonstrated predictability, little is known about the predictability of specific features known to be associated with ENSO (e.g. Indian Monsoon rainfall, Southern African drought, or even off-equatorial sea surface temperature). Nor has the relative importance for prediction of different regional anomalies or different physical processes yet been established. A seasonal dependence in predictability is well established, but the processes responsible for it are not fully understood.  相似文献   

Die Verteilung des Strontiums in oberjurassischen Karbonatgesteinen der Nördlichen Kalkalpen     

H. W. Flügel  K. H. Wedepohl 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1967,14(3):229-249

Several publications on the environmental control of strontium in carbonate rocks have stimulated this investigation. Samples from three lithologically different units of the marine Upper Jurassic in the Northeastern Alps are analysed for strontium (x-ray fluorescence, atomic absorption, microprobe). Reported data on Sr in Recent carbonate secreting organisms, Recent and fossil carbonate sediments, on partition between calcite, aragonite and seawater have been used for comparison with those of the Upper Jurassic carbonate rocks. Reef sediments predominantly consisting of aragonite and high magnesium calcite lost extreme portions of their original Sr during diagenesis. Some layers (Oberalmer Schichten, St. Koloman) of probable bathypelagic origin are still comparable in strontium with primary marine calcite (about 0,1 % Sr).The pattern of the Sr distribution in the investigated Upper Jurassic limestones is mainly due to different courses of diagenetic change from different primary carbonates into low magnesium calcite. The change in Sr concentrations of diagenetic solutions is a function of the type of the supporting carbonate in an closed or open system of carbonates with porous solutions and is a function of seawater- or freshwater influence on the latter. A small strontium portion of these rocks occurs in apatite crystals with abnormal sulfur contents which could be identified as fragments of fish teeth.

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Wir danken Herrn Dr. A. Schkbidbb, (Göttingen) für zahlreiche Mikrosondenuntersuchungen und Herrn A. FENMNGER (Graz) für die quantitative Bestimmung der Tonrückstände in den Kalken. Für einen Teil der analytischen Arbeiten wurde ein Röntgenspektrometer der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft benutzt.  相似文献