Misure della radiazione ultravioletta diretta del sole a Locarno-Monti     

Fl. Ambrosetti  Dott. E. Zenone 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1949,15(1-2):130-147

Summary From 1945–47 measurements of direct ultra-violet radiation from the sun have been carried out with a cadmium cell at Locarno-Monti. Besides seasonal and diurnal variations, researches were made concerning the influence of airclearness, of airmasses and of pervailing weather conditions upon UV-radiation (continental and marittime airmasses, northfoehn, divergences of the wind, fronts, etc.). Very important differences in the amount of UV-radiation were observed.

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Zusammenfassung Von 1945–47 wurde in Locarno-Monti mit einer Cadmiumzelle die direkte Sonnenstrahlung im Ultraviolett gemessen. Neben dem Tages- und Jahresgang wurde vor allem die Abhängigkeit der UV-Strahlung von der Reinheit der Luft, von den Luftmassen und den herrschenden Wetterlagen (maritime und kontinentale Luftmassen, Nordföhnlagen, Winddivergenz, Fronten, usw.) untersucht. Dabei zeigen sich sehr bedeutende Unterschiede in der UV-Strahlung.

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Résumé Avec la cellule au cadmium on a mesuré la radiation ultraviolette directe du soleil durant la période 1945–1947. On examine la variation diurne et annuelle de cette grandeur, ainsi que sa dépendance du degré de pureté de l'air, des masses d'air maritime et continental, des situations avec «Föhn» du nord, avec divergence des vents, etc. Nos recherches ont montré que l'intensité des radiations UV subissent de très fortes variations.

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Heat flow and quantity of methane deduced from a gas hydrate field in the vicinity of the Dnieper Canyon,northwestern Black Sea   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Thomas?LüdmannEmail author  How?Kin?Wong  Philipp?Konerding  Matthias?Zillmer  J?rg?Petersen  Ernst?Flüh 《Geo-Marine Letters》2004,24(3):182-193

Seismic reflection data document for the first time the existence of a BSR in a limited area west of the Dnieper Canyon in the northwestern Black Sea. Seismic wide-angle data suggest that gas hydrates occupy in average 15±2% of the pore space in a zone of 100 m in thickness. A conservative quantification of the amount of methane associated with this gas hydrate occurrence is about 12±3×10¹¹ m³ (0.6±0.2 Gt of methane carbon). Conductive heat flow deduced from the BSR depth is in the range of 21±6 to 55±15 mW m^–2.  相似文献   

Modelling of ground water recharge-potential in the hard-rock Aravalli terrain,India: a GIS approach   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

C. Bhuiyan  Ramesh P. Singh  W. A. Flügel 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2009,59(4):929-938

Modelling of ground water recharge-potential in hard-rock areas principally aims at water-resource evaluation. Various techniques are available to assess recharge-potential, and their capability in estimating recharge is also variable. However, the water level fluctuation method is found capable in computing actual ground water recharge. Demarcation of ground water recharge-potential zones in arid and semi-arid regions is of great importance for human survival and sustainable development. Remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) techniques have been widely used by numerous researchers for qualitative assessment of ground water potential of a basin or terrain. In the present study, a GIS-based water table fluctuation method has been attempted for quantitative modelling of ground water recharge of the hard-rock Aravalli terrain. This GIS-based model is further used to evaluate recharge-potential of the terrain by integrated assessment of infiltration capacity, normal rainfall, and its cumulative frequency.  相似文献   

Comparison of Earth’s magnetospheric magnetic field models in the context of cosmic ray physics   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Laurent Desorgher  Karel Kudela  Erwin O. Flückiger  Rolf Bütikofer  Marisa Storini  Vladimir Kalegaev 《Acta Geophysica》2009,57(1):75-87

Over the last two decades, models of the Earth’s magnetospheric magnetic field have been continuously improved to describe more precisely the different magnetospheric current systems (magnetopause current, symmetric and partial ring currents, tail currents and field aligned currents). In this paper we compare the different Tsyganenko models and the Alexeev and Feldstein model in the context of cosmic ray physics. We compare the vertical cutoff rigidity and asymptotic direction of vertical incidence obtained with these models for the January 20, 2005, ground level enhancement and for the big magnetic storm of April 6, 2000. For the event of January 20, 2005, we study the impact of the differences in asymptotic direction obtained with the models on the radiation dose computation at aircraft altitude. For the magnetic storm of April 6, 2000, we discuss the importance of the different magnetospheric current systems in causing cutoff rigidity variations. Finally we summarise the advantages and drawbacks of the different models in the context of space weather.  相似文献   

Measuring the ecological integrity of an industrial district in the Amazon estuary, Brazil     

Viana AP  Frédou FL  Frédou T 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(3):489-499

The aim of the present study is to provide information on the ecological integrity of an industrial district located in the estuary of Pará River (Amazon estuary), by applying a selection of fish based multimetric indices of ecosystem integrity: Abundance Biomass Comparation (ABC); Biological Health Index; Estuarine Fish Community, Transitional Fish Classification and Estuarine Biotic Integrity Indexes. To evaluate the impacts of the industrial area and cargo terminal, three areas were considered: Zone 1, (maximum impact), Zone 2 (median risk) and Zone 3 (reference area). All the biological indices used were considered to be excellent indicators of the ecological integrity of the different sectors of the study area and were especially effective for the demonstration of the critical alterations of the fish community of Zone 1 and Zone 2. The simultaneous use of different indices family, with different assumptions, did strengthen the results enhancing the confidence in the diagnostic.  相似文献   

Recent climatic trends and linkages to river discharge in Central Vietnam   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Maxime Souvignet  Patrick Laux  Jim Freer  Hannah Cloke  Dang Quang Thinh  Tran Thuc  Johannes Cullmann  Alexandra Nauditt  Wolfgang‐Albert Flügel  Harald Kunstmann  Lars Ribbe 《水文研究》2014,28(4):1587-1601

In this study, change in rainfall, temperature and river discharge are analysed over the last three decades in Central Vietnam. Trends and rainfall indices are evaluated using non‐parametric tests at different temporal levels. To overcome the sparse locally available network, the high resolution APHRODITE gridded dataset is used in addition to the existing rain gauges. Finally, existing linkages between discharge changes and trends in rainfall and temperature are explored. Results are indicative of an intensification of rainfall (+15%/decade), with more extreme and longer events. A significant increase in winter rainfall and a decrease in consecutive dry days provides strong evidence for a lengthening wet season in Central Vietnam. In addition, trends based on APHRODITE suggest a strong orographic signal in winter and annual trends. These results underline the local variability in the impacts of climatic change at the global scale. Consequently, it is important that change detection investigations are conducted at the local scale. A very weak signal is detected in the trend of minimum temperature (+0.2°C/decade). River discharge trends show an increase in mean discharge (31 to 35%/decade) over the last decades. Between 54 and 74% of this increase is explained by the increase in precipitation. The maximum discharge also responds significantly to precipitation changes leading to a lengthened wet season and an increase in extreme rainfall events. Such trends can be linked with a likely increase in floods in Central Vietnam, which is important for future adaptation planning and management and flood preparedness in the region. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Die Deformationspläne des Grazer Paläozoikums östlich der Mur     

H. Flügel 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1954,4(1-4):7-17

Zusammenfassung Abschließend soll in Tabellenform versucht werden, das beschriebene flächige und achsiale Gef. auf Grund symmetrologischer Vergleiche zusammenfassend wiederzugeben.Es sei nochmals betont, daß mit der Aufstellung dieser kinematischen Pläne nichts über den dynamisch-tektonisch-orogenen Vorgang ausgesagt sein soll und daß die oben gegebene Zusammenstellung rein nach den symmetrologischen und relativzeitlichen Eigenschaften der einzelnen Deformationspläne erfolgte. Es kann jedoch bereits heute festgestellt werden, daß Plan I der variscischen, Plan A bis D der alpidischen Ära angehören dürften.Mit 1 gefügetektonischen Karte und 11 Gefügediagrammen.  相似文献   

Hydrological and hydrochemical studies in the permafrost drainage basin of Oobloyah Valley,N-Ellesmere Island,NWT, Canada     

Dr. W. -A. Flügel 《GeoJournal》1983,7(4):341-351

During the “Heidelberg-Ellesmere-Island-Expedition” to Oobloyah Valley, N-Ellesmere Island, NWT, Canada in 1978 the summerly water balance of this high arctic catchment area with continuous permafrost was investigated. The following results will be presented:

1. Three hydrogeological areas with different physical parameters, thawing depths and drainage are distinguished and studied on slope I, II and slope III.
2. The climatic situation of summer 1978 was mainly influenced by the change of radiating and cloudy periods. Due to air temperatures (2 m above ground), which never went below 0°C, these periods regulated the thawing of the glaciers and the respective run-off.
3. Most of the winterly snow cover melted before July, thereafter soil thawing and its drainage began. In none of the sediments the latter reached field capacity.
4. Considering the course of daily discharge and soil water balance the three studied streams were characterized by the “Dry-Weather-Discharge-Line”, DWL, of Peri-Creek the “Radiation-Weather-Discharge-Line”, RWL, and the “Cloudy-Weather-Discharge-Line”, CWL, of Nukapingwa River and Heidelberg River.
5. The periglacial streams never had a measurable sediment load not even during snow melt, whereas the glacial and mixed glacial-periglacial streams as Nukapingwa River and Heidelberg River showed a sediment drift depending on their run-off. Only in Peri-Creek the ion concentrations were correlated to discharge.
6. Precipitation (snow plus rain) add up to 51% of the summerly water balance. The glaciers contributed up to 48%, and the actual evapotranspiration is only 1%.

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Darstellung und Kristallographie von K2 TiSi6O15 —isotyp mit Dalyit K2 ZrSi6O15     

Dr. W. Gebert  Dr. O. Medenbach  Dr. O. W. Flörke 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1983,31(1-2):69-79

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Hydrothermal recrystallization and transformation of tridymite     

O. W. Flörke  K. Langer 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1972,36(3):221-230

Well ordered tridymites containing atmost 0.016% Na (0.004% Na) were prepared at 1400° C from Na₂WO₄-(K₂WO₄-) fluxes using high purity amorphous silica as starting material. No further reduction of these Na-contents was attainable by soxhlet extraction. These tridymites were treated hydrothermally at temperatures between 815 and 950° C and 200 bars H₂O. The products obtained were investigated optically as well as by powder X-ray methods and were analyzed for Na-contents: the hydrothermal treatment resulted either in recrystallization of tridymite or transformation into quartz mostly depending on Na-contents. Na-contents below about 0.015% tend to favour recrystallization of tridymite within the quartz field (<870° C), Na-contents above about 0.03% tend to favour formation of quartz within the tridymite field (>870° C). This may be due to influences of Na-traces either on the kinetics or on the equilibrium temperature of tridymite-quartz transformation.  相似文献