Can we trust climate models to realistically represent severe European windstorms?     

Tomasz M. Trzeciak  Peter Knippertz  Jennifer S. R. Pirret  Keith D. Williams 《Climate Dynamics》2016,46(11-12):3431-3451

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Changes in PM<Subscript>10</Subscript> concentration due to large-scale rainfall     

Tomasz?OlszowskiEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(2):160

This paper is concerned with the estimation of the removal efficiency of PM₁₀ by large-scale precipitation under no-wind conditions in a background (rural) and urban areas. The changes in PM₁₀ concentrations before, during and after the presence of rainfall were studied from 2007 to 2013. The study was conducted in two different locations identified with regard to air quality. DAVIS weather stations were used to determine the meteorological conditions. The concentration of PM₁₀ was calculated with the use of the gravimetric reference method. Two hundred and ninety-nine measurement series were carried out. A linear relationship was found between the intensity and duration of rainfall and the value of the removal coefficient (ΔC). It was proved that except light rains, for the near-to-ground troposphere, the effectiveness of the removal of PM₁₀ (ΔC) did not assume different values at various locations for rainfall with the same intensity and duration. It was found that a temporary interaction of the effect of the purification by wet deposition was being minimised in areas characterised by low air quality. It was confirmed that intense rains resulted in the maintenance of higher values of air quality.  相似文献   

Shallow-water benthic macroinvertebrate community of the limnic part of a lowland Polish dam reservoir     

Ma?gorzata Poznańska  Jaros?aw Kobak  Tomasz Kakareko 《Limnologica》2009,39(2):163-176

Biodiversity, abundance and taxonomic composition of shallow-water zoobenthos were studied in the W?oc?awek Dam Reservoir (the lower Vistula River, central Poland). The following habitats located near the shore were studied: (1) sandy bottom in the flooded part of the reservoir; (2) sandy bottom close to the main riverine flow in the reservoir and (3) organic-rich bottom covered by a thick layer of plant remnants in a shallow, isolated cove. In each habitat we investigated two sites (ca. 0.5 and 1 m depth). Also examined was the bottom of a phytolittoral site (sandy bottom, with elodeids and nympheids, 1 m depth), located in the flooded zone. In general, the bottom fauna was highly diverse and abundant in these habitats. The highest biodiversity (38 taxa, Shannon-Wiener index=4.3) was found on the bottom rich in organic matter. However, the zoobenthos abundance in this habitat was comparatively low, probably due to periodical oxygen deficiencies. The highest density of bottom fauna (>30,000 individuals per m²), accompanied by its high biodiversity, occurred at the phytolittoral site. The benthic community of the organic-rich sediments was the most distinct, with many taxa occurring exclusively in this area. The composition of the bottom fauna, from the two sandy habitats and phytolittoral, also differed from one another. The differences in taxonomic composition between the shallower and deeper sites were less pronounced. Lower densities at the shallower sandy sites and a very high variability of taxonomic composition among particular samples from these sites indicated lower stability of their environmental conditions. These were certainly due to water level fluctuations and/or destructive wave action. On the other hand, no such differences were found between the sites of various depths from the organic-rich sediments, showing that this substratum provided better protection against adverse hydrodynamical factors.  相似文献   

Assessment of climate change and associated impact on selected sectors in Poland     

Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz  Mikołaj Piniewski  Abdelkader Mezghani  Tomasz Okruszko  Iwona Pińskwar  Ignacy Kardel  Øystein Hov  Mateusz Szcześniak  Małgorzata Szwed  Rasmus E. Benestad  Paweł Marcinkowski  Dariusz Graczyk  Andreas Dobler  Eirik J. Førland  Joanna O’Keefe  Adam Choryński  Kajsa M. Parding  Jan Erik Haugen 《Acta Geophysica》2018,66(6):1509-1523

The present paper offers a brief assessment of climate change and associated impact in Poland, based on selected results of the Polish–Norwegian CHASE-PL project. Impacts are examined in selected sectors, such as water resources, natural hazard risk reduction, environment, agriculture and health. Results of change detection in long time series of observed climate and climate impact variables in Poland are presented. Also, projections of climate variability and change are provided for time horizons of 2021–2050 and 2071–2100 for two emission scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 in comparison with control period, 1971–2000. Based on climate projections, examination of future impacts on sectors is also carried out. Selected uncertainty issues relevant to observations, understanding and projections are tackled as well.  相似文献   

Response of a mountain‐foreland fluvial system to an advancing ice sheet,southern Poland     

Tomasz Salamon  Tomasz Zieli&#x;ski 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2019,48(3):695-712

In this paper, fluvial deposits of Middle Pleistocene age in the mountain‐foreland area of southern Poland (Eastern Sudetes and Western Carpathians) are studied in order to document the evolution of fluvial systems during the coldest stages of glacial periods when the Scandinavian Ice Sheet advanced far to the south. The focus is on fluvial response to climate change and glacial impact on river system behaviour. Also considered is the tectonic uplift of the mountain part of river catchments and its potential influence on the style of fluvial sedimentation in the fore‐mountain area. Three drainage basins that were active during the Elsterian and Saalian glaciations are investigated. Facies analyses are carried out on thick successions of braided river deposits covered with till or glaciolacustrine sediments, which result in a reconstruction of the fluvial activity synchronous with the ice‐sheet advance. The results suggest that fluvial activity declined prior to ice‐sheet advance into the fore‐mountain area. This climatically induced change is directly recorded in alluvial successions by upward‐decreasing bed thicknesses and grain sizes. River longitudinal profiles were shortened in front of the advancing ice sheet. The base level of the studied rivers, created by the ice‐sheet margin, rose in parallel with glacial advance. As a result, the successive reaches of rivers (degradational, transitional, aggradational) underwent shortening and moved upstream within the catchments. Moreover, tectonically induced local increases of river slopes may have influenced the depositional processes.  相似文献   

Seeking commonalities of community resilience to natural hazards: A cluster analysis approach     

Tomasz Opach  Sabrina Scherzer  Päivi Lujala  Jan Ketil Rød 《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2020,74(3):181-199

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study on which the article is based was to identify groups of communities with similar resilience profiles, using Norwegian municipalities as a case. The authors used a set of socioeconomic and environmental indicators as measures of municipalities’ resilience and performed a cluster analysis to divide the municipalities into groups with similar multivariate resilience signatures. The results revealed six groups of municipalities that, apart from their unique combinations of indicator scores, featured certain spatial patterns, such as an “urban cluster” with urbanized municipalities and a “suburban cluster” with municipalities concentrated around major cities. The authors conclude that municipalities in each of the groups shared aspects that made them either more or less resilient to natural hazards, which could make them potential targets for shared interventions. Additionally, the authors conclude that clustering can be used to identify municipalities with similar resilience features and that could benefit from networking and sharing operational planning as a way to improve their respective communities' resilience to natural hazards.  相似文献   

Land use and land cover changes in small Carpathian catchments between the mid-19<Superscript>th</Superscript> and early 21<Superscript>st</Superscript> centuries and their record on the land surface     

Rafał Kroczak  Joanna Fidelus-Orzechowska  Anna Bucała-Hrabia  Tomasz Bryndal 《山地科学学报》2018,15(12):2561-2578

Land use and land cover (LULC) changes and their impact on the mountain environment were studied in six catchments (~10 km² each) in the Polish Western Carpathians from the mid-19^th century to the early 21^st century. The analysis of cadastral and orthophoto maps indicates that during the investigated period, the forest area increased, quantified by an annual change index (Annch), between +0.12% to +0.27%, with a decrease of arable land index to–0.45% and–2.28% in the analysed catchments. LULC changes were accompanied by a continuous increase in settlement developments (residential and farming houses) by 50%-140% as well as significant changes related to their spatial distribution. Abandonment of arable land and forest succession have resulted in the geomorphological transformation of hillslopes, which predominantly includes a decrease in used road density, their transformation to road cuts and gorges. Overpopulation and the domination agriculture in the past caused the expansion of unpaved roads density and then the fragmentation of hillslopes, as well as the development of agricultural terraces.  相似文献   

On the estimation of higher-order ionospheric effects in precise point positioning     

Banville  Simon  Sieradzki  Rafal  Hoque  Mainul  Wezka  Kinga  Hadas  Tomasz 《GPS Solutions》2017,21(4):1817-1828

GPS Solutions - Higher-order ionospheric effects, if not properly accounted for, can propagate into geodetic parameter estimates. For this reason, several investigations have led to the development...  相似文献   

Morphological evolution of the Guadiana estuary and intertidal zone in response to projected sea‐level rise and sediment supply scenarios     

Dissanayake M.R. Sampath  Tomasz Boski  Patricia L. Silva  Flavio A. Martins 《第四纪科学杂志》2011,26(2):156-170

Analysis of Holocene sediment accumulation in the Guadiana estuary (southern Portugal) during sea‐level rise since ca. 13 cal. ka BP was used to simulate the long‐term morphological evolution of the lower Guadiana estuary and the associated intertidal zone for 21st‐century predicted sea‐level rises. Three sea‐level rise scenarios given by the IPCC ( 2007 ) were used in the simulations of morphology using a large‐scale behaviour‐oriented modelling approach. Sedimentation rate scenarios were derived both from the Holocene evolution of the estuary and from a semi‐empirical estimation of present‐day sediment aggradation. Our results show that the net lateral expansion of the intertidal zone area would be about 3–5% of the present intertidal zone area for each 10 cm rise in sea level. Under constraints imposed by the lack of fluvial sediment supply, the lateral expansion of the landward boundary of the intertidal zone will occur mainly in the Portuguese margin of the Guadiana estuary, while submergence of the salt marshes will occur in the Spanish margin. Therefore the Spanish margin is highly vulnerable to both sea‐level rise and lack of sediment supply. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Closed coal mine shaft as a source of carbon dioxide emissions     

Paweł Wrona  Zenon Różański  Grzegorz Pach  Tomasz Suponik  Marcin Popczyk 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(15):1139

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