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143.
Garth Andrew Myers 《Area》2002,34(2):149-159
Sub–Saharan Africa is experiencing a new round of conservation initiatives, based around democratized local institutions and local knowledge of the environment. This essay uses political ecology research from a case study settlement in the Zanzibar islands of Tanzania to interrogate how to create the enabling conditions for these new conservation programmes. The case study highlights the importance of understanding social and political issues at the local scale for appreciating the problematic trajectories of progressive environmental planning strategies in Africa in the context of democratization.  相似文献   
144.
The buildup of carbon dioxide in the global atmosphere represents one of the principal causes of the greenhouse effect that is overtaking the Earth's climatic systems and that threatens salient sectors of economic development in both the developed and developing worlds. A management response appears to offer substantial scope to counter the buildup of carbon dioxide, even though it has been little addressed in systematic fashion. It is a massive tree-planting programme in the humid tropics. Tree plantations absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and the humid tropics with year-round warmth and moisture are by far the best place for fast-growing tree plantations. Reforestation on a suitable scale in the humid tropics - accompanied of course by measures to halt deforestation - could eventually serve to sequester carbon in amounts significant for our efforts to counter the greenhouse effect.  相似文献   
145.
Cokriging allows the use of data on correlated variables to be used to enhance the estimation of a primary variable or more generally to enhance the estimation of all variables. In the first case, known as the undersampled case, it allows data on an auxiliary variable to be used to make up for an insufficient amount of data. Original formulations required that there be sufficiently many locations where data is available for both variables. The pseudo-cross-variogram, introduced by Clark et al. (1989), allows computing a related empirical spatial function in order to model the function, which can then be used in the cokriging equations in lieu of the cross-variogram. A number of questions left unanswered by Clark et al. are resolved, such as the availability of valid models, an appropriate definition of positive-definiteness, and the relationship of the pseudo-cross-variogram to the usual cross-variogram. The latter is important for modeling this function.  相似文献   
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John S. Myers 《Lithos》1978,11(4):277-282
Pipes of hornblende gabbro and ultramafite cut across cumulate layering in the lower part of the Fiskenaesset complex. The pipes form irregular networks in which all vertical portions are massive and pegmatitic, whereas some horizontal portions are layered. Two kinds of layering occur: mineral-graded layers formed by precipitation of plagioclase and hornblende, and comb layers formed by the upward growth of tabular hornblende crystals. Alternations of these layers show that magma with plagioclase phenocrysts was flushed through the pipes in pulses, perhaps associated with erratic propagation of cracks and magmatic drilling.  相似文献   
148.
Summary Observations of gravity over the Palaeozoic rocks of East Carmarthenshire show this to be an area of positive Bouguer anomalies, and throughout the district the isogams are aligned in a «Caledonoid» direction. The regional gradient over the anthracite coalfield can largely be explained in terms of known structure, while the anomaly values in the Towy valley above Llandeilo seem to have been affected by facies variations and contemporaneous volcanic activity. Fairly large anomalies are recorded near Carmarthen, and these may be associated with similar anomalies known near Aberystwyth (Cook & Thirlaway, 1950); they are interpreted as an expression of the Welsh geosyncline. The gravity low discovered in St. George's Channel byBrowne & Cooper (1950) is re-interpreted in terms of the depth of the pre-Palaeozoic floor. There is no marked evidence to indicate the presence of a concealed «granitic» intrusion beneath the coalfield, nor to substantiate the view that there was once a great thickness of Permian or later cover.  相似文献   
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A simple modification was made to the reaction vessel designed by Shaw (1963) in order to use it as a hydrogen sensor instead of a hydrogen source, thereby allowing a continuous record of to be made during an experiment. The advantage of this arrangement is that (reversed) curves for minerals can be generated from a single experimental run. Other applications are possible.This method was successfully used in the determination of the Ni-NiO-H2O equilibrium between 580 ° and 830 °C at 2 kbar fluid pressure. The corrected 1 atm values are in agreement with electrochemical measurements. An Ag70Pd30 hydrogen permeable membrane was used for the experiment and flow rates of hydrogen through the membrane were calculated by monitoring the rate of increase or decrease in pressure with an induction pressure transducer. These flow rates range up to two times greater than those calculated for a pure platinum membrane.  相似文献   
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