Synthesis and characterization of high-pressure and high-temperature sphene (CaTiSiO5)     

Jelena Pantić  Vladimir Urbanovich  Vesna Poharc-Logar  Bojan Jokić  Marija Stojmenović  Aleksandar Kremenović  Branko Matović 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2014,41(10):775-782

Sphene (CaTiSiO₅), a calcium titanosilicate ceramic has been prepared from a powder mixture of CaCO₃, TiO₂ and SiO₂ using vibro-milling for homogenization and activation of precursors. During the high-pressure and high-temperature synthesis (HPS) process at 4 GPa and 1,200 °C, sphene undergoes into phase transition, from room-temperature phase P2₁ /a to high-temperature phase A2/a. Evidence of that structural phase transition is given in this paper using infrared, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. Rietveld refinement was employed to get the structural information of the synthesized powder. The most important structural change due to phase transition, the disappearance of the characteristic out-of-center distortion of the Ti atom and moving to the center of octahedra, was confirmed. HPS is an effective method for producing full-dense ceramics without any additives. Reduction of particle size occurred during high-pressure compaction. Microstructure and particle size of both phases were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy.  相似文献   

Cold and warm air temperature spells during the winter and summer seasons and their impact on energy consumption in urban areas   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Stevan Savić  Aleksandar Selakov  Dragan Milošević 《Natural Hazards》2014,73(2):373-387

The main objective of this study is to determine and analyze cold and warm air temperature spells in the last 6 years (2007–2012) and reveal their impact on electrical energy consumption in a small-sized city such as Sombor (Serbia) with less than 50,000 inhabitants. Hourly air temperature values and electrical energy consumption data have been used as database for all methods. Warm and cold temperature spells (during heat and cold waves) have had the increasing tendencies in the last 6 years and they reflect on additional electrical energy consumption. Detailed analysis showed that higher energy demands occur during workdays and daytime period. Monitoring of the amount of consumed energy showed a clear relationship during the winter cold temperature spells, when electrical energy demand was higher than 0.3 MW. In summer period, the relationship was weaker and consumption was higher than 0.15 MW only when temperature exceeded 30 °C. A small number of air condition devices in houses and companies and mainly one-store buildings with thick walls, which make a good insulation from the outside air temperatures, are probably the main reasons for the above-mentioned results in summer. This paper introduces a new method to resolve the problem of short-term load forecasting, based on the support vector machines (SVM) technology and particle swarm optimization that has been used to optimize the SVM parameters. Similar-day-based forecast has shown that similar days for training should be filtered also using classifier of temperature period (cooling degree-days or heating degree-days in a row). Forecasting error is smaller compared to solutions where similar days are found only on season and temperature.  相似文献   

柴达木盆地北缘地区砂岩型铀矿成矿条件与成矿潜力   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

权志高  宋哲  傅成铭 《铀矿地质》2014,(3):155-160,192

通过对柴达木盆地北缘地区地质构造背景、找矿目的层中-下侏罗统沉积体系、沉积相、岩石地球化学特征、水文地质条件、层间氧化带和铀矿化基本特征的综合研究分析,认为区内具有砂岩型铀矿成矿的地质演化背景条件,构造斜坡带发育有辫状河、三角洲等具泥-砂-泥地层结构的沉积组合,盆地蚀源区及目的层内铀含量均较高,铀源条件良好,地下水补-径-排水动力系统和水文地球化学条件良好,在目的层内已发现发育完善的层间氧化带和与层间氧化带相关的砂岩型铀矿化.总体而言,区内具有较好的砂岩型铀矿成矿地质条件,但由于喜山期以来新构造作用的强烈改造,断裂构造发育,变形作用强烈,找矿难度较大.  相似文献   

仪器表面加热效应对临泽站开路涡动相关系统CO2通量的影响     

吉喜斌  赵文智  康尔泗  张智慧  金博文  赵丽雯 《高原气象》2013,32(1):65-77

LI-7500分析仪仪器表面加热效应对开路式涡动相关系统CO2通量观测结果影响显著,利用Burba校正方法对提高观测站CO2通量观测精度、年净生态系统碳交换量(NEE)估算、全球CO2交换量估算和气候变化模拟等具有重要意义.基于临泽站绿洲玉米农田的开路式涡动相关系统和小气候观测系统所获得的一年数据,利用Burba校正方法分别对LI-7500分析仪光路中的感热通量、大气潜热通量、CO2通量以及NEE的季节变化过程进行了修正.结果表明,LI-7500分析仪底部窗口和支杆部分热量交换是光路中感热通量校正量的主要贡献者,平均分别为6.81 W·m-2和2.68 W·m-2,其加热效应主要来源于太阳辐射和电子元件运行产生的热量;加热效应对潜热通量影响最小,平均校正量仅为0.24 W·m-2;Burba校正对CO2通量和NEE的季节变化影响显著,其平均校正量分别为19.14μg· CO2·m-2·s-1和313.21 mg·C·m-2·d-1,而且气温越低加热效应对通量的影响越显著;除生长季空气中水汽浓度显著高于非生长季而导致潜热校正量较大外,生长季其他各通量的校正量明显小于非生长季,生长季光路中感热、周围大气潜热、CO2通量和NEE日校正量分别为6.94 W·m-2、0.33 W·m-2、12.86 μg·CO2·m-2·s-1和161.58mg·C· r-2·d-1,分别是非生长季的60.4％,220.0％,50.6％和37.4％.若未进行仪器表面加热效应的Burba校正,在生长季和非生长季累计高估的绿洲玉米农田生态系统碳吸收量分别为25.85 g·C·m-2和88.47 g·C·m-2.  相似文献   

三种再分析资料的高空温度与中国探空温度资料的季节平均特征对比分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

支星  徐海明 《高原气象》2013,32(1):97-109

利用中国105个测站的探空资料以及NCEP/NCAR、ERA和JRA三种再分析资料,采用线性趋势和EOF分析等多种统计分析方法,对再分析资料的季节平均高空温度在中国区域的可信度进行了分析.结果表明,在数值上,春、夏、秋季的分布形势较为相似,大多表现出NCEP资料在对流层上层与探空资料更为接近,ERA和JRA资料在对流层中下层与探空资料更为接近,而冬季与其他季节差别较大;在描述长期变化趋势方面,不同季节不同资料的情况不一致,特别是夏季我国南部地区的对流层中层存在较大范围的降温趋势;在不同区域上,相比于探空资料,三种再分析资料在我国北方的描述能力比南方好,东部比西部好;在时空变化特征方面,三种再分析资料第一模态的分布在不同季节差异较大,而第二模态的分布在各季节则较为一致,大多表现出整层温度南北反位相变化的特征.  相似文献   

珠穆朗玛峰北坡地区的气温分布及其垂直梯度分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

秦翔  杨兴国  李健  刘宇硕  孙维君  杜文涛  张明杰  杨俊华  张雪艳 《高原气象》2013,32(1):1-8

在资料比较稀少的珠穆朗玛峰北坡地区进行气象观测对于研究该地区的气候变化及其对冰川变化的影响具有重要意义.利用不同海拔(5 207,5 550,5 792和5 955 m)的4个自动气象站和高空探测资料,分析了珠穆朗玛峰北坡近地面和自由大气的温度分布状况及其梯度变化特征.结果表明,年平均日变化气温5 207 m站的升温速率最快,5 550 m站次之,5 792m和5 955m站最小,4个站月平均最高(低)气温分别为5.7℃(-9.3℃)、4℃(-6.5℃)、1.4℃(-14.8℃)和1.3℃(-15.4℃);气温递减率有明显的季节变化特征,最大(小)值出现在1月(3月),其值约为1.07℃·(100 m)-1(0.12℃·(100m)-1),年(春、夏、秋季)平均日变化幅度白天大、夜晚较小,冬季全天比较平缓,夏季在00:00-09:00(北京时)出现正值,其他季节全天皆为负值;自由大气的温度递减率值大部分都在0～1℃·(100 m)-1之间,海拔5 200～6 000m之间的平均温度递减率值为0.78℃·(100m)-1.  相似文献   

Toxicity of the organophosphate pesticide diazinon to crayfish of differing age     

M. Buřič  A. Kouba  J. Máchová  I. Mahovská  P. Kozák 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2013,10(3):607-610

Diazinon is a widely applied agricultural pesticide whose effect importantly on the environment and the possible contamination of surface waters has led to increased interest in toxicological studies. Crayfish, as an ecologically important benthic macroinvertebrate, seems to be an appropriate model organism for such assessments. Acute toxicity tests were carried out on three crayfish age groups: young-of-the-year (total length = 25.0 ± 4.9 mm), juvenile (total length = 56.5 ± 3.8 mm) and adult (total length = 83.5 ± 5.7 mm). Young-of-the-year crayfish were found to be the most sensitive to diazinon (96 h LC50 = 0.15 mg L^?1), followed by juvenile crayfish (96 h LC50 = 0.27 mg L^?1), and adults (96 h LC50 = 0.51 mg L^?1). Crayfish were highly sensitive to diazinon. A delayed effect of Diazinon 60EC on adults was detected (144 h LC50 = 0.44 mg L^?1) suggests functional damage from the use of sublethal concentrations.  相似文献   

A Small Pore Observed with a 1.6 m Telescope     

A. Anđić 《Solar physics》2013,282(2):443-451

A small pore was observed with the New Solar Telescope of 1.6 m aperture at Big Bear Solar Observatory. At a wavelength of 705.68 nm, a diffraction limit of 0.09″ was reached and approximately 700 small structures were analyzed. The achieved high resolution has revealed details about the dynamics of small structures in and around the pore. The small structures either reside in the pore, enter the pore from the vicinity, or dip in and out of the pore. Their sizes are similar, ≈?0.2″, but their observed oscillations do not show power peaks at the same periods. Horizontal plasma flows were suppressed in the pore by 38 % for average velocities, and 65 % for maximum velocities, compared to the quiet Sun.  相似文献   

Period studies of classical Algol-type binaries II: UX Leo,RW Mon,EQ Ori,XZ UMa and AX Vul     

F. Soydugan  A. Erdem  S.S. Doğru  F. Aliçavuş  E. Soydugan  C. Çiçek  O. Demircan 《New Astronomy》2011,16(4):253-264

This study presents an investigation of the orbital period variations of five Algol type binaries, UX Leo, RW Mon, EQ Ori, XZ UMa and AX Vul based on all available minima times. The O–C diagrams of all systems exhibit a periodic variation superimposed on a downward parabolic segment. The mass loss due to magnetic braking effect in the cooler components is assumed to account for the parabolic variation with a downward shape, while it is suggested that the light-time effect (LITE) due to an unseen component around the eclipsing binaries explains the tilted sinusoidal changes in their O–C diagrams. The orbital period decrease rates for the systems are estimated as approximately between about 0.7 and 2.5 s per century. It is clearly seen that mass loss effect is more dominant than the expected mass transfer for classical Algols in this study. The minimum mass of the probable third bodies around the eclipsing pairs was calculated to be ?0.5 M_⊙ except for UX Leo, in which it was estimated to be approximately 0.9 M_⊙. In order to search for third lights in the light curves of five systems, the V-light curves of the systems were analyzed and their physical and photometric parameters were determined. For UX Leo, a significant third light contribution was determined. We found a very small third light that can be tested using multi-color light curves, for RW Mon, EQ Ori and XZ UMa, while a third light for AX Vul could not be exposed.  相似文献   

Technical guidelines for the assessment of earthquake induced liquefaction hazard at urban scale     

Lai  C. G.  Bozzoni  F.  Conca  D.  Famà  A.  Özcebe  A. G.  Zuccolo  E.  Meisina  C.  Bonì  R.  Bordoni  M.  Cosentini  R. M.  Martelli  L.  Poggi  V.  Viana da Fonseca  A.  Ferreira  C.  Rios  S.  Cordeiro  D.  Ramos  C.  Molina-Gómez  F.  Coelho  C.  Logar  J.  Maček  M.  Oblak  A.  Ozcep  F.  Bozbey  I.  Oztoprak  S.  Sargin  S.  Aysal  N.  Oser  C.  Kelesoglu  M. K. 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2021,19(10):4013-4057

Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering - Microzonation for earthquake-induced liquefaction hazard is the subdivision of a territory at a municipal or submunicipal scale in areas characterized by the...  相似文献