JEDDAH'S ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS*     

PETER VINCENT 《Geographical review》2003,93(3):394-412

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The effect of fractional cloudiness on the oxidation of SO₂     

JAN MATTHIJSEN  KARSTEN SUHRE  PETER BECHTOLD  ROBERT ROSSET 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》1997,49(4):343-356

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What determines the distribution of seabirds at sea?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

KJELL EINAR ERIKSTAD  ROBERT T. BARRETT  FRIDTJOF MEHLUM 《Polar research》1990,8(1):1-1

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Modern and Holocene hydrographic characteristics of the shallow Kara Sea shelf (Siberia) as reflected by stable isotopes of bivalves and benthic foraminifera     

JOHANNES SIMSTICH  HELMUT ERLENKEUSER  INGO HARMS  ROBERT F. SPIELHAGEN  VLADIMIR STANOVOY 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2005,34(3):252-263

River discharge of Ob and Yenisei to the Kara Sea is highly variable on seasonal and interannual time scales. River water dominates the shallow bottom water near the river mouths, making it warmer and less saline but seasonally and interannually more changeable than bottom water on the deeper shelf. This hydrographic pattern shows up in measurements and modelling, and in stable isotope records (δ¹⁸O, δ¹³C) along the growth axis of bivalve shells and in multiple analyses of single benthic foraminiferal shells. Average isotope ratios increase, but sample-internal variability decreases with water depth and distance from river mouths. However, isotope records of bivalves and foraminifera of a sediment core from a former submarine channel of Yenisei River reveal a different pattern. The retreat of the river mouth from this site due to early Holocene sea level rise led to increasing average isotope values up core, but not to the expected decrease of the in-sample isotope variability. Southward advection of cold saline water along the palaeo-river channel probably obscured the hydrographic variability during the early Holocene. Later, when sediment filled the channel, the hydrographic variability at the core location remained low, because the shallowing proceeded synchronously with the retreat of the river mouth.  相似文献   

Gould Pond, Maine: late-glacial transitions from marine to upland environments     

R. SCOTT ANDERSON  GEORGE L. JACOBSON JR.    RONALD B. DAVIS  ROBERT STUCKENRATH 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》1992,21(4):359-371

Gould Pond sediments are unusual in North America in that they include a continuous record of change from marine to freshwater conditions during the late-glacial period, with a wide array of micro- and macrofossils deposited during a period of high sedimentation rate. Marine waters, much colder than those in the present Gulf of Maine, covered the site at the time of deglaciation (c. 13,200 BP). Plants characteristic of modem tundra grew on nearby uplands. Marine recession, due to isostatic rebound of the land, occurred from c . 12,800–12,200 BP. The lake water was completely freshened by 12,000 BP. A sparse shrub-herb tundra became established around Gould Pond as marine waters receded. Subsequent to 11,300 BP, sedges and other herbs became more abundant, and willow and Dryas less abundant, signifying increased warmth and decreased frost action. At least six tree species, all now common in the area, arrived around Gould Pond between c . 10,800 and 10,500 BP. This rapid transition was coincident with the most rapid major non-anthropogenic change of vegetation at sites across eastern North America during the postglacial period.  相似文献   

Distribution of Late Silurian (?) and Early Devonian grey-green sandstones in the Liefdefjorden-Bockfjorden area, Spitsbergen     

TORE GJELSVIK  ROBERT ILYES 《Polar research》1991,9(1):77-87

Lithologic, petrographic and paleontologic data for the various areas of late Silurian (?) and early Devonian grey-green sandstones (greywackes) in the Liefdefjord area of northern Spitsbergen are evaluated. A number of new localities with fossil fauna have been detected in these sandstones, both to the north and south of Liefdcfjordcn. It is shown that vertebrate and invertebrate fossils occur at lower levels than hitherto believed. Differences in the amounts of plagioclase and potash feldspar in the sandstones north and south of the fjord, as well as the finds of fossils, suggest that the Siktefjellet Sandstone is restricted to the type area north of Liefdefjorden. The grey-green sandstones south of Liefdefjorden are correlated with the Andreebrecn Sandstone Formation of the Red Bay Group.  相似文献   

EXAMINING LARGE DATABASES:A CHEMOMETRIC APPROACH USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS     

ROBERT R.MEGLEN Department of Chemistry  Laboratory for Chemometrics  University of Colorado at Denver  PO Box  Denver  CO -  U.S.A. 《地理学报(英文版)》1991,(3)

Principal component analysis is used to examine large multivariate databases.The graphical approachto exploratory data analysis is described and illustrated with a single example of chemical compositiondata obtained on environmental dust particles.While the graphical approach to exploratory data analysishas certain advantages over the numerical procedures,the empirical approach described here should beviewed as complementary to the more robust treatments that statistical methodologies afford.  相似文献   

Development of a new real-time method for measuring S(IV) in cloud water using a counter-flow virtual impactor     

ROY W. DIXON  ROBERT J. CHARLSON 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》1994,46(3):193-204

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Flashfloods, earthquakes and uplift in the Pakistan Himalayas     

ROBERT W. H. BUTLER  LEWIS OWNEN  DAVID J. PRIOR 《Geology Today》1988,4(6):197-201

Catastrophic flooding of parts of the frontal plains of the Pakistan Himalayas has occured throughout the historical past. The largest recorded flood (1841) originated from an earthquaketriggered landslip from the flanks of Nanga Parbat, which blocked the Indus river for six months. The earthquake probably occurred on the Liachar thrust, which has been responsible for uplifting the amphibolite facies Nanga Parbat gneisses to the Earth's surface in the last 10 million years. These movements raise serious problems for hydroelectric engineering project in this and other active mountain belts.  相似文献   

Chironomid larvae trails in proglacial lake sediments: Comments     

ROBERT W. DUCK  JOHN McMANUS 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》1987,16(3):322-322

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