Geochronology of the Precambrian crust in the Mozambique belt in NE Mozambique, and implications for Gondwana assembly   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

B. Bingen  J. Jacobs  G. Viola  I.H.C. Henderson   . Skr  R. Boyd  R.J. Thomas  A. Solli  R.M. Key  E.X.F. Daudi 《Precambrian Research》2009,170(3-4):231-255

Zircon and monazite U–Pb data document the geochronology of the felsic crust in the Mozambique Belt in NE Mozambique. Immediately E of Lake Niassa and NW of the Karoo-aged Maniamba Graben, the Ponta Messuli Complex preserves Paleoproterozoic gneisses with granulite-facies metamorphism dated at 1950 ± 15 Ma, and intruded by granite at 1056 ± 11 Ma. This complex has only weak evidence for a Pan-African metamorphism. Between the Maniamba Graben and the WSW–ENE-trending Lurio (shear) Belt, the Unango and Marrupa Complexes consist mainly of felsic orthogneisses dated between 1062 ± 13 and 946 ± 11 Ma, and interlayered with minor paragneisses. In these complexes, an amphibolite- to granulite-facies metamorphism is dated at 953 ± 8 Ma and a nepheline syenite pluton is dated at 799 ± 8 Ma. Pan-African deformation and high-grade metamorphism are more intense and penetrative southwards, towards the Lurio Belt. Amphibolite-facies metamorphism is dated at 555 ± 11 Ma in the Marrupa Complex and amphibolite- to granulite-facies metamorphism between 569 ± 9 and 527 ± 8 Ma in the Unango Complex. Post-collisional felsic plutonism, dated between 549 ± 13 and 486 ± 27 Ma, is uncommon in the Marrupa Complex but common in the Unango Complex. To the south of the Lurio Belt, the Nampula Complex consists of felsic orthogneisses which gave ages ranging from 1123 ± 9 to 1042 ± 9 Ma, interlayered with paragneisses. The Nampula Complex underwent amphibolite-facies metamorphism in the period between 543 ± 23 to 493 ± 8 Ma, and was intruded by voluminous post-collisional granitoid plutons between 511 ± 12 and 508 ± 3 Ma. In a larger context, the Ponta Messuli Complex is regarded as part of the Palaeoproterozoic, Usagaran, Congo-Tanzania Craton foreland of the Pan-African orogen. The Unango, Marrupa and Nampula Complexes were probably formed in an active margin setting during the Mesoproterozoic. The Unango and Marrupa Complexes were assembled on the margin of the Congo-Tanzania Craton during the Irumidian orogeny (ca. 1020–950 Ma), together with terranes in the Southern Irumide Belt. The distinctly older Nampula Complex was more probably linked to the Maud Belt of Antarctica, and peripheral to the Kalahari Craton during the Neoproterozoic. During the Pan-African orogeny, the Marrupa Complex was overlain by NW-directed nappes of the Cabo Delgado Nappe Complex before peak metamorphism at ca. 555 Ma. The nappes include evidence for early Pan-African orogenic events older than 610 Ma, typical for the Eastern Granulites in Tanzania. Crustal thickening at 555 ± 11 Ma is coeval with high-pressure granulite-facies metamorphism along the Lurio Belt at 557 ± 16 Ma. Crustal thickening in NE Mozambique is part of the main Pan-African, Kuunga, orogeny peaking between 570 and 530 Ma, during which the Congo-Tanzania, Kalahari, East Antarctica and India Cratons welded to form Gondwana. Voluminous post-collisional magmatism and metamorphism younger than 530 Ma in the Lurio Belt and the Nampula Complex are taken as evidence of gravitational collapse of the extensive orogenic domain south of the Lurio Belt after ca. 530 Ma. The Lurio Belt may represent a Pan-African suture zone between the Kalahari and Congo-Tanzania Craton.  相似文献   

A geomatics‐based approach for the derivation of the spatial distribution of sediment transport processes in periglacial mountain environments     

A. Bartsch  M. Gude  S. D. Gurney 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2008,33(14):2255-2265

Within this paper modern techniques such as satellite image analysis and tools provided by geographic information systems (GIS) are exploited in order to extend and improve existing techniques for mapping the spatial distribution of sediment transport processes. The processes of interest comprise mass movements such as solifluction, slope wash, dirty avalanches and rock‐ and boulder falls. They differ considerably in nature and therefore different approaches for the derivation of their spatial extent are required. A major challenge is addressing the differences between the comparably coarse resolution of the available satellite data (Landsat TM/ETM+, 30 m × 30 m) and the actual scale of sediment transport in this environment. A three‐stepped approach has been developed which is based on the concept of Geomorphic Process Units (GPUs): parameterization, process area delineation and combination. Parameters include land cover from satellite data and digital elevation model derivatives. Process areas are identified using a hierarchical classification scheme utilizing thresholds and definition of topology. The approach has been developed for the Kärkevagge in Sweden and could be successfully transferred to the Rabotsbekken catchment at Okstindan, Norway using similar input data. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Evidence of a Convective Boundary Layer Developingon the Antarctic Plateau during the Summer     

G. Mastrantonio  V. Malvestuto  S. Argentini  T. Georgiadis  A. Viola 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1999,71(1-2):127-132

Summary The development of a convective boundary layer over the Antarctic Plateau is documented by a Doppler minisodar data-set recorded during a 10 day campaign in January 1997. The vertical velocities associated with thermals do not exceed 1 m/s, while the depth of the convective layer, usually less than 200 m, never surpasses 300 m. Measurements of momentum flux, sensible heat flux, wind speed and radiation budget show characteristics that are typical of a convective boundary layer evolution. The diurnal behaviour of absolute humidity, however, exhibits features that are not expected, e.g. anticorrelation with incoming net radiation and air temperature. Received October 30, 1998 Revised May 26, 1999  相似文献   

Cover Image          下载免费PDF全文

Bradley W. Goodfellow  Giulio Viola  Bernard Bingen  Perach Nuriel  Andrew R.C. Kylander‐Clark 《地学学报》2017,29(5):i-i

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Palaeocene faulting in SE Sweden from U–Pb dating of slickenfibre calcite          下载免费PDF全文

Bradley W. Goodfellow  Giulio Viola  Bernard Bingen  Perach Nuriel  Andrew R.C. Kylander‐Clark 《地学学报》2017,29(5):321-328

Estimating the timing of faulting is crucial to modelling tectonics, palaeoseismicity, landscape evolution and fault mechanics. Four slickenfibre calcite samples from a conjugate strike‐slip fault set in a platformal limestone, SE Sweden, were dated using U–Pb. Three of the samples yielded an average age of 64.8 ± 6.5 Ma, while the fourth yielded a marginally younger age of 54.7 ± 5.5 Ma. Precipitation of the fibres is interpreted as syn‐deformational. Age uncertainty and dispersion reflect incorporation of common Pb and tiny host‐rock components into the dated calcite and/or possible fault reactivation through ca. 55 Ma. We infer from crystal characteristics, stable isotopes (δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C) and rare‐earth elements that fibres formed in an environment rich in deep‐seated fluids, at temperatures of 40–200°C, with shear stresses exceeding 10 MPa and at a maximum burial depth of c. 4 km. This Palaeocene faulting may reflect far‐field stresses from shortening in the Alps.  相似文献   

Observations of the mass and flow field at Porcupine Bank     

Mohn  Christian; Bartsch  Joachim; Meincke  Jens 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2002,59(2):380-392

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Soil information system as part of a municipal environmental information system   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

H. U. Bartsch  J. Kues  J. Sbresny  J. Schneider 《Environmental Geology》1997,30(3-4):189-197

 The objectives of the interdisciplinary pilot project "Development of a municipal environmental information system" in Hannover encompassed the development, modification and improvement of data acquisition methods and methods for describing the environment on the basis of this data, as well as methods for evaluating the data as a basis for measures affecting the environment taken by the community. The subproject "Urban Soils" had the following two main objectives: (i) development of a data acquisition method for soils in municipal areas and a method for evaluating this data, and (ii) development of methods for making this information available to local government in the form of a "soil information system" for urban areas. To achieve these objectives, the following work was carried out: (1) a factor analysis to determine which factors affect the soil in an urban area; (2) study of methods for mapping soils in cities; (3) development of a concept for a soil information system; and (4) evaluation of environmental problems of the municipality using the soil information system. Data acquisition was done in two steps: First, soil-relevant data was selected, standardized, digitized and stored in an alphanumeric and a graphic database for a factor analysis. By intersection of the eight information levels, the factors affecting the soil were determined for the city of Hannover (200 km²). To test the hypothesis that the results for one site can be transferred to another site with the same combination of factors, 43 test sites typical of urban land use were selected. These test sites were mapped in a way to fulfill geostatistical requirements; physical and chemical analyses of the soils were made. A prognosis of soil distribution and properties was made on the basis of the factor analysis. and compared with the actual conditions. Concurrent with the pedological research, a prototype soil information system was developed. The system consists of databases, a methodbase, a geometrical tool, and a control system. Alphanumeric data is stored in a relational database, the geometric data in ISAM files. Methods for determining soil parameter values were selected and tested for their applicability. Using the pedological data and the soil information system, information can be obtained about soil conditions in Hannover as well as about soil processes (e.g. infiltration rates) and interaction with the atmosphere, hydrosphere, etc. This information can be obtained in the form of thematic maps and statistical representations, which can be used by decision-makers at the municipal level. Received: 3 September 1994 · Accepted: 19 December 1995  相似文献   

Iron concentrations in selected groundwater samples from the lower Friulian Plain,northeast Italy: importance of salinity   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Elena Pezzetta  Anna Lutman  Ivan Martinuzzi  Carlo Viola  Gabriella Bernardis  Vanna Fuccaro 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,62(2):377-391

High amounts of iron, up to 14 mg/L, were found in groundwater samples from Marano Lagoon in the Friuli Venezia Giulia Plain (northeast Italy). In order to characterize groundwater hydrochemistry in the area, an investigation has been conducted on 35 wells that were monitored since 2006. Leaching tests were performed (under anaerobic conditions with deionized and saline waters) on two core samples in the area to study the iron release from soils to groundwater. Collected data indicated the main role of salinity in metal leaching and highlighted spatial correspondence between high levels of chloride and iron. To understand the mechanism of groundwater salinization, sulphate/chloride ratio has been investigated and a statistical relation between salinity, pH and iron was found. These data do not show any relation between past activities and high iron groundwater contents. High iron concentrations are diffuse in the whole area and therefore comparable to background values. Consequently, the study states that no remediation plan should have been made for iron concentrations in this area.  相似文献   

Sail pressures from full-scale, wind-tunnel and numerical investigations     

Ignazio Maria Viola  Richard G.J. Flay 《Ocean Engineering》2011,38(16):1733-1743

The main results of a two-year project aimed at comparing full-scale tests, wind tunnel tests, and numerical analysis predictions are presented. Pressure measurements were obtained from both full-scale tests and wind tunnel tests, in upwind and downwind conditions. The upwind wind tunnel test condition was modelled using a Vortex Lattice code, while the downwind wind tunnel test was modelled using a Navier-Stokes code. The pressures obtained from the three different methods are compared on three horizontal sections of the headsail, mainsail and asymmetric spinnaker. In general the pressure from the three experiments showed good agreement. In particular, very good agreement was obtained between the numerical computations and the wind tunnel test results. Conversely, the results from the downwind full-scale pressure measurements showed less similarity due to a slightly tightened trim being used for the spinnaker in the on-water tests. Full-scale tests allow the action of unsteadiness due to the wind, wave and yacht movements to affect the results. This unstable environment caused the asymmetric spinnaker to move around, and a tightened trim was required to prevent the spinnaker from collapsing.  相似文献   

Wavy Vertical Motions in the ABL Observed by Sodar     

Igor Petenko  Giangiuseppe Mastrantonio  Angelo Viola  Stefania Argentini  Ilaria Pietroni 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2012,143(1):125-141

Some characteristics of wavelike motions in the atmospheric boundary layer observed by sodar are considered. In an experiment carried out in February 1993 in Milan, Italy, Doppler sodar measurements were accompanied by in situ measurements of temperature and wind velocity vertical profiles using a tethered balloon up to 600 m. The oscillations of elevated wavy layers containing intense thermal turbulence, usually associated with temperature-inversion zones, were studied by using correlation and spectral analysis methods. The statistics of the occurrence of wavelike and temperature-inversion events are presented. The height distributions of Brunt–Vaisala frequency and wind shear and their correlation within elevated inversion layers were determined, with a strong correlation observed between the drift rate of the wavy layers and the vertical velocity measured by Doppler sodar inside these layers. Spectral analysis showed similarities regarding their frequency characteristics. The phase speed and propagation direction of waves were estimated from the time delay of the signals at three antennae to provide estimates of wavelength. Moreover, wavelengths were estimated from the intrinsic frequency obtained from sodar measurements of the Doppler vertical velocity and oscillations of wavy turbulent layers. The two wavelength estimates are in good agreement.  相似文献