Anisotropic seismic ground responses identified from the Hualien vertical array     

Cheng-Hsing Chen  Hwang-Chieh Chiu 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》1998,17(6):371-395

This paper presents the results of ground response analyses using the free-field motions of six earthquakes recorded at the site of the Hualien Large Scale Seismic Test. From the phase spectra of transfer functions between the ground motions recorded at the surface and various depths, the predominant frequencies of soil layers are identified and used to estimate the shear wave velocities of soil layers. Results show that the soils at the Hualien LSST site are anisotropic, such that the earthquake responses exhibit different characteristics in two horizontal principal directions.  相似文献   

The Tully–Fisher relation of galaxies at z∼ 0.85 in the DEEP2 survey     

Kuenley Chiu  Steven P. Bamford  Andrew Bunker 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,377(2):806-814

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Serviceability-related reliability for mainshock-damaged reinforced concrete piers considering the aftershock-induced seismic hazards     

Chien-Kuo Chiu  Charles Poegoeh Arista 《Natural Hazards》2017,86(3):1333-1345

To investigate the impact of carbon emission reduction paths on energy demand and CO₂ emissions in China, in this study, quantitative carbon emission reduction paths in the period 2014–2020 are established by decomposing the target for emissions reduction. An optimization model of energy demand, into which reduction paths are incorporated, is then constructed from a goal-oriented perspective. The results suggest that energy consumption varies under different emission reduction paths. Coal demand is found to be much more sensitive to the choice of emission reduction path than other forms of energy; in particular, it responds strongly to the decreasing reduction path. We conclude that the decreasing reduction path is a better means than the increasing reduction path of achieving China’s emission reduction target for 2020 with the least amount of energy and the least amount of CO₂ emissions.  相似文献   

Intelligent control for modelling of real‐time reservoir operation     

Li‐Chiu Chang  Fi‐John Chang 《水文研究》2001,15(9):1621-1634

This paper presents a new approach to improving real‐time reservoir operation. The approach combines two major procedures: the genetic algorithm (GA) and the adaptive network‐based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The GA is used to search the optimal reservoir operating histogram based on a given inflow series, which can be recognized as the base of input–output training patterns in the next step. The ANFIS is then built to create the fuzzy inference system, to construct the suitable structure and parameters, and to estimate the optimal water release according to the reservoir depth and inflow situation. The practicability and effectiveness of the approach proposed is tested on the operation of the Shihmen reservoir in Taiwan. The current M‐5 operating rule curves of the Shihmen reservoir are also evaluated. The simulation results demonstrate that this new approach, in comparison with the M‐5 rule curves, has superior performance with regard to the prediction of total water deficit and generalized shortage index (GSI). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Effect of parental hypoxic exposure on embryonic development of the offspring of two serpulid polychaetes: Implication for transgenerational epigenetic effect     

J.Y.S. Leung  S.G. Cheung  J.W. Qiu  P.O. Ang  J.M.Y. Chiu  V. Thiyagarajan  P.K.S. Shin 《Marine pollution bulletin》2013

Sperm production and motility, fecundity, and egg size, complexity and viability of serpulid polychaetes Hydroides elegans and Hydroides diramphus after 2-week treatment to hypoxia (2 mg O₂ l⁻¹) was compared with those under normoxia (6 mg O₂ l⁻¹). Despite reduced fecundity, the effect of parental hypoxic exposure on gamete quality was not discernible for both species. However, regardless of their subsequent dissolved oxygen environment, eggs spawned by H. elegans after hypoxic exposure were found to have lower fertilization success, slower embryonic development and a significantly higher yield of malformed embryos than those with a parental normoxic treatment. In contrast, neither fertilization success nor rate of embryonic development was affected for H. diramphus. The results implied that hypoxia was a potential stress reducing the recruitment of H. elegans through non-adaptive epigenetic effect, whereas H. diramphus was a more tolerant species to survive hypoxic events.  相似文献   

The impact of groundwater discharge to the Hsueh-Shan tunnel on the water resources in northern Taiwan     

Yung-Chia Chiu  Yeeping Chia 《Hydrogeology Journal》2012,20(8):1599-1611

The Hsueh-Shan tunnel is the fifth longest road tunnel in the world. During the excavation, the tunnel encountered several events of groundwater inrush, causing serious delay of the construction. Data on groundwater discharge to the tunnel were gathered from the monitoring system and their spatial and temporal variations were analyzed. The results of the integrated analysis of groundwater discharge and local precipitation indicated that the discharge increased rapidly when the cumulative rainfall exceeded 85?mm. The groundwater level recession rate after a rainfall event was found to be independent of rainfall intensity. A hydrogeological conceptual model was developed to simulate the long-term groundwater discharge to the tunnel. Sensitivity analysis was first conducted to identify sensitive parameters, and then the calibration process was accomplished by the automated parameter estimation method. The calibrated model was then used to evaluate the potential impact of tunnel excavation on the Feitsui reservoir; the average percentage loss of inflow to the Feitsui reservoir from 2006 to 2010 is estimated to be 1.74?%. The developed model can provide a tool for evaluating the regional hydrogeologic setting and the influence of tunnel construction on water resources.  相似文献   

A time series of mercury accumulation and improvement of dietary feed in net caged Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)     

Chou CL 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(6):720-725

The study was undertaken to investigate the uptake of mercury in salmon throughout the entire farming period at the net cage. Mercury concentrations in muscle, liver, kidney, and gill and responses to the various dietary mercury concentrations were determined. The accumulation of mercury is in the order of kidney>gill=liver>muscle. The highest mercury peak concentrations were observed for both kidney and gill at the parr-smolt period, while liver and muscle mercury peaked one month later after caging at the grow-out site. High dietary sodium and calcium fed to the salmon contributed to the elevation of mercury in kidney and gill during the smolting process. The mercury burden over the grow-out period increased sharply with a linear relationship of mercury uptake. The tissue mercury burden per gram of growth was calculated using the slope of mercury burden and the slope of growth over the period of each stage. The results showed dietary mercury loadings on marketable salmon were within tolerance limits of FDA and US EPA. Rapid growth of salmon and low dietary mercury progressively reduces the uptake of mercury in salmon. The time series of mercury monitoring showed that mercury concentrations in salmon were greater at the parr stage in freshwater than at the grow-out stage in salt water.  相似文献