Spectral lags and the energy dependence of pulse width in gamma-ray bursts: contributions from the relativistic curvature effect     

Rong-Feng Shen †  Li-Ming Song  Zhuo Li 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,362(1):59-65

We compute the temporal profiles of the gamma-ray burst pulse in the four Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) Large Area Detector (LAD) discriminator energy channels, with the relativistic curvature effect of an expanding fireball being explicitly investigated. Assuming an intrinsic 'Band' shape spectrum and an intrinsic energy-independent emission profile, we show that merely the curvature effect can produce detectable spectral lags if the intrinsic pulse profile has a gradually decaying phase. We examine the spectral lag's dependences on some physical parameters, such as the Lorentz factor Γ, the low-energy spectral index, α, of the intrinsic spectrum, the duration of the intrinsic radiation   t '_d  and the fireball radius R . It is shown that approximately the lag  ∝Γ⁻¹  and  ∝ t '_d  , and a spectrum with a more extruded shape (a larger α) causes a larger lag. We find no dependence of the lag on R . Quantitatively, the lags produced from the curvature effect are marginally close to the observed ones, while larger lags require extreme physical parameter values, e.g.  Γ < 50  , or  α > −0.5  . The curvature effect causes an energy-dependent pulse width distribution but the energy dependence of the pulse width we obtained is much weaker than the observed   W ∝ E ^−0.4  one. This indicates that some intrinsic mechanism(s), other than the curvature effect, dominates the pulse narrowing of gamma-ray bursts.  相似文献   

湘东某铁帽型金银矿床特征与成因探讨     

陆玉梅  沈瑞锦 《湖南地质》1993,(4)

湘东某铁帽型金银矿床,位于某多金属矿床中部,受一压扭性走向断裂及潜水面控制.主矿体赋存在印支期花岗班岩与下石炭统大塘阶页岩或砾岩的接触面上。矿区处于亚热带潮湿气候的低山丘陵区,氧化带比较发育,矿区中部氧化带深度较大。含金银的硫化矿体经风化剥蚀裸露地表,一些元素淋漓、迁移、流失,另一些元素残余富集,金、银极其稳定,附着在铁矿物的裂隙、空洞、晶隙中,或被吸附在粘土矿物表面,形成金银矿体。  相似文献   

EVAPOTRANSPIRATION OF LOW-LYING PRAIRIE WETLAND IN MIDDLE REACHES OF HEIHE RIVER IN NORTHWEST CHINA     

Yusuke YAMAZAKI  Jumpei KUBOTA 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2005,15(4):325-329

1 IN T R O D U C T IO NW aterbalance and interactions are foundation to utilizew aterresources rationally in arid inland river basins inC hina (W U etal.,2005).W ateravailability in those ar-eas m ay be the m ain constraint to poverty alleviation,publiche…  相似文献   

甬江河床演变及航道治理   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

沈承烈 《地理研究》1988,7(3):58-66

本文分析甬江动力、泥沙、边界及河床演变的基本特征,提出甬江航道整治的原则和措施。  相似文献   

GRAIN PRODUCTION AND CLIMATIC VARIATION IN TAIHU LAKE BASIN     

沈小英  陈家其 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1993,3(2):173-178

Before the end of the Ming Dynasty to the early of the Qing Dynasty, climate was warm, and heat energy was plentiful, so double-cropping of rice in Taihu Lake basin could grow without any protection. Later the global climate entered the Little Ice Age, the double-cropping of rice was extirpated nearly, grain output decreased heavily. After the Little Ice Age, although, the global climate got warm, sometimes, the thermal condition was enough for two crops no three crops one year throughout the period. So both the area and output of of double-cropping of rice was fluctuated with variation of cold/ warm. The condition of heat energy, with the movement of climatic zone, becomes a sensitive factor effecting grain production. Recently, as CO2concentra-tion in atmosphere is increasing, climate is getting warm. With the comprehensive effect of such warming and natural cooling trend, the climate in Taihu Lake basin shows the following trend: warm in winter, cooling in summer, decreasing of annual accumulated tem  相似文献   

Tidal phase control of sediment discharge from the Yangtze River     

John D. Milliman  Ya Hsueh  Dun-Xin Hu  David J. Pashinski  Huan-ting Shen  Zuo-sheng Yang  Peter Hacker 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1984,19(1):119-128

Tidal phase plays a major role in controlling sediment discharge from the Yangtze River estuary in eastern China. Direct measurements indicate that during spring tide in mid-November 1981 approximately 3 times the sediment passed down the main channel of the river as during the next neap tide, 3 days later. The estuary presumably acts as a conduit for riverine sediment during spring tide but as a sink during neap tide. Tidal phase control of sediment discharge appears to be primarily dependent upon tidal range relative to estuarine depth rather than river discharge or absolute tidal range per se.  相似文献   

The dynamical flattenings of Mercury and Venus     

M. Shen  C. Z. Zhang 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1988,41(3):289-294

The method which is used to calculate the dynamical flattenings % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqefm0B1jxALjhiov2D% aebbfv3ySLgzGueE0jxyaibaiiYdd9qrFfea0dXdf9vqai-hEir8Ve% ea0de9qq-hbrpepeea0db9q8as0-LqLs-Jirpepeea0-as0Fb9pgea% 0lrP0xe9Fve9Fve9qapdbaqaaeGacaGaaiaabeqaamaabaabcaGcba% Gaamisaiabg2da9iaacIcacaWGdbGaeyOeI0YaaSaaaeaacaaIXaaa% baGaaGOmaaaacaGGOaGaamyqaiabgUcaRiaadkeacaGGPaGaaiykai% aac+cacaWGdbaaaa!4717!\[H = (C - \frac{1}{2}(A + B))/C\] of the Earth and Moon meets with difficulties when it applies to Mercury and Venus. In this paper, after the calculation of the dimensionless moment of inertiaC/MR ² by solving the Emden equation, the effectiveness of the method deriving dynamical flattening from the observed value of the Mercury's obliquity is analysed based on the resonance rotation theory. Some suggestions are made for the future space explorations. Finally, the ranges of dynamical flattening and of the obliquity of Venus are calculated.  相似文献   

Dynamical evolution of the rotation of Venus   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. Shen  C. Z. Zhang 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1988,43(3):275-287

By considering the torque of the bodily tides, the effect of the core-mantle viscous coupling and the torque of the atmospheric tides have been obtained by numerical calculation: the evolution of the spin angular velocity and the obliquity of the Venus are calculated numerically with the step-variable Runge-Kutta method of 7th order; and 7 sets of the probable Cytherean spin evolution have been obtained. It is indicated that the present spin state of Venus is the result of long-term evolution within the reasonable ranges of some disposable parameters. The early spin period is between 7 h to 2 d and the corresponding obliquity is about 90 ° ~ 100 °. The effects of the torques of body and atmospheric tides and the core-mantle viscous coupling of Venus on its spin angular velocity could nearly cancel out each other about a billion years ago. Therefore, Venus could have been captured in a spin-orbit resonant state by the gravitational torque of the Earth on the permanent deformation part of Venus; and this resonant state has lasted up to the present time.  相似文献   

Aerosol Hygroscopicity during the Haze Red-Alert Period in December 2016 at a Rural Site of the North China Plain     

Xuefei?Qi  Junying?SunEmail author  Lu?Zhang  Xiaojing?Shen  Xiaoye?Zhang  Yangmei?Zhang  Yaqiang?Wang  Haochi?Che  Zhouxiang?Zhang  Junting?Zhong  Kaiyan?Tan  Huarong?Zhao  Sanxue?Ren 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2018,32(1):38-48

A humidification system was deployed to measure aerosol hygroscopicity at a rural site of the North China Plain during the haze red-alert period 17–22 December 2016. The aerosol scattering coefficients under dry [relative humidity (RH) < 30%] and wet (RH in the range of 40%–85%) conditions were simultaneously measured at wavelengths of 450, 550, and 700 nm. It is found that the aerosol scattering coefficient and backscattering coefficient increased by only 29% and 10%, respectively when RH went up from 40% to 80%, while the hemispheric backscatter fraction went down by 14%, implying that the aerosol hygroscopicity represented by the aerosol scattering enhancement factor f(RH) is relatively low and RH exerted little effects on the aerosol light scattering in this case. The scattering enhancement factors do not show significant differences at the three wavelengths, only with an approximate 2% variation, suggesting that the aerosol hygroscopicity is independent of the wavelength. Aerosol hygroscopicity is highly dependent on the aerosol chemical composition. When there is a large mass fraction of inorganics and a small mass fraction of organic matter, f(RH) reaches a high value. The fraction of NO₃^– was strongly correlated with the aerosol scattering coefficient at RH = 80%, which suggests that NO₃^– played an important role in aerosol hygroscopic growth during the heavy pollution period.  相似文献   

福建一次大暴雨过程的多尺度分析     

官晓东  刘玉  郑凯端  沈永生 《气象科技》2018,46(6):1221-1231

利用常规气象资料、自动气象站降水资料和NCEP再分析1°×1°等资料,对福建2017年6月初一次强降水过程进行多尺度分析。结果表明:(1)冷空气与暖湿气流相互作用形成持续性暴雨,中尺度系统的活动导致短时暴雨。(2)较大的风暴相对螺旋度,低层的正涡度和中低层的上升运动有利于中尺度对流系统(MCS)的发展和维持;强烈的热力不稳定和较强的垂直风切变是中尺度对流发展的环境特征。(3)强的整层水汽通量和水汽辐合为暴雨区提供水汽来源和水汽条件。(4)锋生的大小和位置对降水的强度和落区有很好的指示作用;低层以水平锋生为主,中层以垂直锋生为主,有利于成片暴雨的发生。(5)中尺度系统对天气尺度的水汽辐合和边界层对流不稳定条件有增幅作用;上下两支次级环流的上升支叠加,有利于低层不稳定能量的释放,促进中尺度系统的发展。  相似文献