Waste Heat Balance in Aquifers Calculated by a Computer Programme     

Wolfram Kley  Winfried Heekmann 《Ground water》1981,19(2):144-148

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Sind detritische Zirkone rötlicher Farbe auch in Mitteleuropa Indikatoren für präkamhrische Liefergebiete?     

Dr. Winfried Zimmerle 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1972,61(1):116-139

Zusammenfassung Detritische Zirkone rötlicher Farbe wurden erstmals in Großbritannien vonMackie (1923) als sicherer Hinweis auf präkambrische Liefergebiete gewertet. Unter diesem Gesichtspunkt wurde nun auch in Mitteleuropa in Sandstein- und Konglomeratproben vom Kambrium bis zum Tertiär der Anteil an rötlichem Zirkon bestimmt. Untersucht wurden drei stratigraphische Richtprofile aus dem Hohen Venn, aus der Saar-NaheSenke sowie aus dem Harz und Harzvorland, ferner Proben aus dem Massiv von Rocroi, dem Massiv von Brabant und aus Nordspanien. Auch in den Sedimentgesteinen Mitteleuropas nimmt der Anteil an rötlichem Zirkon, statistisch gesehen, mit dem geologischen Alter zu.Zum Schluß der Arbeit wird hingewiesen auf die Bedeutung solch spezifischer Mineraluntersuchungen für eine verfeinerte Schwermineralanalyse und, darüber hinaus, für die Lösung einfacher stratigraphischer Probleme.

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Detrital zircons of pink color were considered byMackie (1923) to be a clue to Pre-Cambrian source rocks in Great Britain. Basing on this observation, the amount of detrital pink zircon was determined in sandstone and conglomerate samples of Cambrian to Tertiary age from Central Europe. Three stratigraphic standard profiles from the Hohes Venn, the Saar-Nahe trough as well as from the Harz and the Harzvorland have been studied. In addition, samples from the Rocroi massif, Brabant massif and northern Spain have been examined. Statistically, the sedimentary rocks of Central Europe show an increase in detrital pink zircon with growing geological age.In conclusion, the significance of such specific mineral studies to improve heavy mineral analysis and to solve simple stratigraphic problems is emphasized.

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Resumen Circón detrítico de color rojizo fué considerado porMackie (1923) de estar proveniente del Precámbrico en Gran Bretañia. Basándose en esta observación el porcentaje de circón rojizo detrítico fué determinado en muestras de areniscas y conglomerates de edad cambriana hasta tertiaria en Europa Central. Tres perfiles estratigráficas estandardizadas se han estudiado de la Hohes Venn, de la Saar-Nahe depresión y de la región de Harz. Además muestras fueron examinadas del macizo de Rocroi (Francia), del macizo de Brabante (Bélgica) y de España septentrional. Estadísticamente se nota un aumento de ciroón rojizo detrítico con la edad geológica progresiva.En conclusion, se alude le significación de tales estudios mineralógicos específicos para perfeccionar el analysis por minerales pesados y para solver problemas estratigráficos sencillos.

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Structural identification of the C₂₅ highly branched isoprenoid pentaene in the marine diatom Rhizosolenia setigera     

Jaap S. Sinninghe Damst  Stefan Schouten  W. Irene C. Rijpstra  Ellen C. Hopmans  Harry Peletier  Winfried W. C. Gieskes  Jan A. J. Geenevasen 《Organic Geochemistry》1999,30(12):918

2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-7-(3-methylpent-4-enyl)-pentadeca-2,5E,9E,13-tetraene I possessing a C₂₅ highly branched isoprenoid skeleton has been isolated from the marine diatom Rhizosolenia setigera and identified by ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy.  相似文献   

U‐Pb dating of zircons from an impact melt of the Nördlinger Ries crater     

Winfried H. Schwarz  Michael Hanel  Mario Trieloff 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2020,55(2):312-325

In situ U‐Pb measurements on zircons of the Ries impact crater are presented for three samples from the quarry at Polsingen. The U‐Pb data of most zircons plot along a discordia line, leading to an upper intercept of Carboniferous age (331 ± 32 Ma [2σ]). Four zircons define a concordia age of 313.2 ± 4.4 Ma (2σ). This age most probably represents the age of a granite from the basement target rocks. From granular textured zircon grains (including baddeleyite and anatase/Fe‐rich phases, first identified in the Ries crater), most probably recrystallized after impact (13 analyses, 4 grains), a concordia age of 14.89 ± 0.34 Ma (2σ) and an error weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb*/²³⁸U age of Ma 14.63 ± 0.43 (2σ) is derived. Including the youngest concordant ages of five porous textured zircon grains (24 spot analyses), a concordia age of 14.75 ± 0.22 Ma (2σ) and a mean ²⁰⁶Pb*/²³⁸U age of 14.71 ± 0.26 Ma (2σ) can be calculated. These results are consistent with previously published ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of impact glasses and feldspar. Our results demonstrate that even for relatively young impact craters, reliable U‐Pb ages can be obtained using in situ zircon dating by SIMS. Frequently the texture of impact shocked zircon grains is explained by decomposition at high temperatures and recrystallization to a granular texture. This is most probably the case for the observed granular zircon grains having baddeleyite/anatase/Fe‐rich phases. We also observe non‐baddeleyite/anatase/Fe‐rich phase bearing zircons. For these domains, reset to crater age is more frequently for high U,Th contents. We tentatively explain the higher susceptibility to impact resetting of high U,Th domains by enhanced Pb loss and mobilization due to higher diffusivity within former metamict domains that were impact metamorphosed more easily into porous as well as granular textures during decomposition and recrystallization, possibly supported by Pb loss during postimpact cooling and/or hydrothermal activity.  相似文献   

A Carnian 40Ar/39Ar age for the Paasselkä impact structure (SE Finland)—An update          下载免费PDF全文

Winfried H. Schwarz  Martin Schmieder  Elmar Buchner  Mario Trieloff  Jarmo Moilanen  Teemu Öhman 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2015,50(1):135-140

A recrystallized band of pale feldspathic impact melt in a gneissic impact breccia from the approximately 10 km Paasselkä impact structure in southeast Finland was dated via ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar step‐heating. The newly obtained plateau age of 228.7 ± 1.8 (2.2) Ma (2σ) (MSWD = 0.32; p = 0.93) is equal to the previously published pseudoplateau age of 228.7 ± 3.0 (3.4) (2σ) for the impact event. According to the current international chronostratigraphic chart and using the most recent published suggestions for the K decay constants, a Carnian (Late Triassic) age for the Paasselkä impact structure of 231.0 ± 1.8 (2.2) Ma (2σ) is calculated and considered the most precise and accurate age for this impact structure. The new plateau age for Paasselkä confirms the previous dating result but is, based on its internal statistics, much more compelling.  相似文献   

Comment on the “Joint determination of K decay constants and Ar/K for the Fish Canyon sanidine standard, and improved accuracy for Ar/Ar geochronology” by Paul R. Renne et al. (2010)     

Winfried H. Schwarz  Karsten Kossert  Jens Hopp 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2011,75(17):5094-5100

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Eutrophication assessment of the Baltic Sea Protected Areas by available data and GIS technologies     

Ranft S  Pesch R  Schröder W  Boedeker D  Paulomäki H  Fagerli H 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,63(5-12):209-214

Concerning increased degradation of marine ecosystems, there is a great political and institutional demand for an array of different tools to restore a good environmental status. Thereby, eutrophication is acknowledged as one of the major human induced stressors which has to be monitored and reduced. The present study concentrates on an assessment of the eutrophication status of the Baltic Sea Protected Areas by use of available data and GIS technologies. Two geodata layers were used for analysis: (1) a map on the eutrophication status of the Baltic Sea generated by the Helsinki Commission applying the HELCOM Eutrophication Assessment Tool (HEAT), and (2) modelled data on atmospheric nitrogen deposition made available by the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP). The results yielded comprehensive and conclusive data indicating that most of the BSPAs may be classified as being 'affected by eutrophication' and underlining the need to decrease the overall emissions of nutrients.  相似文献   

Aluminous granulites from the Pulur complex, NE Turkey: a case of partial melting, efficient melt extraction and crystallisation     

Gültekin Topuz  Rainer Altherr  Angelika Kalt  Muharrem Sat&#x;r  Olaf Werner  Winfried H. Schwarz 《Lithos》2004,72(3-4):183-207

In the Pulur complex, NE Turkey, a heterogeneous rock sequence ranging from quartz-rich mesocratic gneisses to silica- and alkali-deficient, Fe-, Mg- and Al-rich melanocratic rocks is characterized by granulite-facies assemblages involving garnet, cordierite, sillimanite, ilmenite, ±spinel, ±plagioclase, ±quartz, ±biotite, ±corundum, rutile and monazite. Textural evidence for partial melting in the aluminous granulites, particularly leucosomes, is largely absent or strongly obliterated by a late-stage hydrothermal overprint. However, inclusion relations, high peak P–T conditions, the refractory modes, bulk and biotite compositions of the melanocratic rocks strongly support a model of partial melting. The melt was almost completely removed from the melanocratic rocks and crystallised within the adjacent mesocratic gneisses which are silica-rich, bear evidence of former feldspar and show a large range in major element concentrations as well as a negative correlation of most elements with SiO₂. Peak conditions are estimated to be ≥800 °C and 0.7–0.8 GPa. Subsequent near-isothermal decompression to 0.4–0.5 GPa at 800–730 °C is suggested by the formation of cordierite coronas and cordierite–spinel symplectites around garnet and in the matrix. Sm–Nd, Rb–Sr and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar isotope data indicate peak conditions at 330 Ma and cooling below 300 °C at 310 Ma.  相似文献   

Integrative Monitoring Analysis Aiming at the Detection of Spatial and Temporal Trends of Metal Accumulation in Mosses     

Winfried Schröder  Roland Pesch 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2004,49(1-3):23-38

Goal and Scope. The UNECE heavy metals in Mosses Surveys provide data on the accumulation of metals in naturally growing mosses throughout Europe. Using Germany as an example, this article concentrates on the elaboration and application of methods of data analysis that are necessary for a comprehensive interpretation of spatial and temporal trends in metal accumulation.Methods and Results. The sampling of mosses, and the chemical analysis of Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Ti, V and Zn in 1990, 1995 and 2000 are summarized briefly. The variogram analyses detect distinct autocorrelation structures in the sample data which may consequently be estimated for all sites in Germany without monitoring metal accumulation by means of ordinary kriging. A procedure for the geostatistical detection of spatial outliers was developed and applied and, after the elimination of the spatial outliers, several measurements were seen to indicate an adequate quality of the geostatistical estimations. The cluster analyses of the z-transformed estimation data result in a nominal multi-element index that indicates regional metal accumulation types over time. Percentile statistics serve for computation of an ordinal, scaled, multi-element accumulation index which is spatially differentiated over time in terms of multivariate, statistically defined ecoregions. The integrative statistical analysis reveals, from 1990 to 2000, that the metal accumulation declines up to 80% in some of the ecoregions. Hot spots of metal accumulation are mapped and interpreted by means of metadata analysis.Conclusions. Dot maps depict the spatial structure of the metal accumulation without spatial bias. This information, detailed with respect to metal species and space, should be generalized for better supporting the interpretation. The combination of geostatistical analysis and estimation, percentile and multivariate statistics is suitable for the calculation of indices that serve for a comprehensive mapping of metal accumulation in the ecoregions over time, for quantifying the bias of the surface estimation, and for mapping spatial outliers and hot spots of metal accumulation.  相似文献   

Die Bedeutung der Diagenese für die Bildung und Ausbeutung von Erdöl- und Erdgaslagerstätten     

Dr. Winfried Zimmerle 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1979,68(3):1184-1209

Zusammenfassung Nach einem kurzen überblick über die Entwicklung der Diagenese-Forschung in Sandsteinen sind die wichtigsten Prozesse der Sandstein-Diagenese aufgezählt. Moderne Untersuchungsmethoden wie Massenspektroskopie, Elektronen-Mikrosonde, Raster-Elektronenmikroskop, Fluoreszenzmikroskopie, Kathodenlumineszenz und geochemische Analyse der Porenwässer finden kurz Erwähnung. Probleme der Diagenese sind am Beispiel von produktiven Sandsteinhorizonten aus dem Ober-Karbon, dem Unter-Perm (Ober-Rotliegend), dem Mittel-Jura (Dogger) und der Unter-Kreide in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland aufgezeigt. Rasterelektronenmikroskopische Photographien des Porenraumes der verschiedenen Sandsteine und graphische Darstellungen verdeutlichen die Unterschiede der Porenkonfiguration und ihren Einfluß auf die gesteinsphysikalischen Parameter wie Porosität, Permeabilität und Innere Oberfläche in Abhängigkeit vom Grad der Diagenese und vom geologischen Alter. Die Einflüsse der verschiedenen Diagenese-Prozesse auf Porosität, Permeabilität und Innere Oberfläche von Sandsteinen sind tabellarisch zusammengestellt. Ferner erwähnt ist ein allgemeines Modell der Sandstein-Zementation. Künftig wird man immer mehr auf diagenetische Erdöl- und Erdgas-Fallen prospektieren. So gewinnt die Diagenese zunehmend an Bedeutung für die Suche nach Erdöl- und Erdgaslagerstätten und deren Ausbeutung.

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The history of research in sandstone diagenesis is briefly reviewed and the important diagenetic processes are listed. Modern tools in the research of diagenesis are mass spectroscopy, electron microprobe, scanning electronmicroscope, fluorescence microscope, cathodoluminescence, and the geochemical analysis of brines. Main problems of sandstone diagenesis are discussed based on examples from the Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous), Lower Permian (Rotliegend), Middle Jurassic (Dogger), and Lower Cretaceous (Wealden and Valanginian) of the Federal Republic of Germany. Scanning electronmicrographs and graphs demonstrate differences in pore configuration and their influence upon petrophysical parameters such as porosity, permeability, and internal surface in dépendance on the geological age. The influence of various diagenetic processes, in general, on porosity, permeability, and internal surface of sandstone are tabulated. Moreover, a general model of sandstone cementation is presented. In the future the search for diagenetic oil and gas traps will augment. Thus, diagenesis will increasingly gain importance for the exploration and recovery of oil and gas.

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Résumé L'histoire de la recherche de la diagenèse des grès est brièvement passée en revue et les processus les plus importants de la diagenèse sont énumérés.Les méthodes de recherche modernes et l'appareillage approprié comprenant la spectroscopie de masse, la microsonde électronique, la microscopie électronique à balayage, la microscopie à fluorescence, la cathodoluminescence et l'analyse chimique des eaux interstitielles des pores sont brièvement discutées.Les problèmes les plus importants de la diagenèse des grès sont énumérés en se référant à quelques exemples de la République Fédérale Allemande, notamment des horizons gréseux productifs du Carbonifère supérieur, du Permien inférieur (Rotliegend supérieur), du Jurassique moyen (Dogger) et du Crétacé inférieur.Des photographies de pores de différents grès, prises au microscope électronique à balayage, ainsi que des figures schématiques montrent les différentes configurations possibles des pores et mettent en lumière l'influence de ces configurations sur les paramètres pétrophysiques tels que la porosité, la perméabilité et la surface interne des cavités des pores dans leur dépendance vis-à-vis de la diagenèse et de l'âge géologique de la roche.L'influence des différents processus diagénétiques sur la porosité, la perméabilité et la surface interne des grès a été consignée sous forme de tableau.En outre un modèle est présenté pour expliquer la cimentation des grès en général.Il est à prévoir que l'importance de la prospection des pièges diagénétiques de pétrole et de gaz s'accroÎtra.De ce fait on peut conclure que le phénomène de la diagenèse deviendra de plus en plus important dans l'exploration et la production des hydrocarbures.

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Vortrag gehalten anläßlich der 69. Jahrestagung der Geologischen Vereinigung in Heidelberg vom 22.–24. Februar 1979, die das Rahmen-Thema Diagenese zum Inhalt hatte.  相似文献