First- and higher-order dynamical controls on water exchanges between tidal basins and the open ocean. A case study for the East Frisian Wadden Sea     

Emil V.?Stanev Email author  G?tz?Fl?ser  J?rg-Olaf?Wolff 《Ocean Dynamics》2003,53(3):146-165

Observational data, high-resolution numerical modelling results and a simple analytical theory are combined in this paper to demonstrate the dependence of the volume transports through tidal inlets on topographical or morphological parameters of a Wadden Sea system. The area of interest covers the East Frisian Wadden Sea and consists of seven weakly connected tidal basins. The observations include time series of tidal gauge data and surface currents measured at a pile station in the backbarrier basin of the island Langeoog, as well as several ADCP transects in the Accumer Ee tidal inlet. The numerical simulations are based on the 3-D primitive equation General Estuarine Transport Model (GETM) with a horizontal resolution of 200 m and terrain following vertical coordinates. The model is forced at its open boundaries with sea-level data from an operational model for the German Bight (German Hydrographic Office). The simple theoretical concepts presented illustrate the effect of topography (hypsometry) in the tidal basins on the temporal variability of the exchange of water. This topographic control is effectuated through the bottom slope in the areas prone to drying and flooding. For our study area it takes about twice as long from slack water to maximum flood current than from slack water to maximum ebb current. The underlying physics of this signal modulation from a more or less harmonic forcing at the open-sea boundary and the quantification of the contributing physical processes are the major results of this paper. Estimates based simply on volume conservation are consistent with observations and results from numerical modelling, but they do not completely capture the actual non-linear tidal response. Our analysis shows that at least during part of the tidal cycle characteristic topographic parameters of the inlet/bay system have a major impact on the rate of exchange of waters between the Wadden Sea and the open ocean. This impact is especially strong during the transition between flood and ebb conditions. The possible morphodynamic responses are also addressed focusing on some common (universal) topographic features in seven tidal basins.Responsible Editor: Hans Burchard  相似文献   

Geophysikalische Beiträge zur Erforschung des Tieferen Untergrundes des Rheinischen Gebirges     

Wilhelm Wolff 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1957,46(1):186-196

Zusammenfassung Magnetische Messungen zeigen im Bereich des Siegerländer Gewölbes und seiner SSW-lichen Verlängerung eine geringe Erniedrigung der Störungswerte gegenüber den Randgebieten. Diese magnetische Depression kann unter grö\eren Vorbehalten als Auswirkung sauerer Intrusionen gedeutet werden.Refraktionsseismische Untersuchungen erbrachten im Siegerland den Nachweis eines seismischen Horizontes mit hoher Geschwindigkeit unter dem devonischen Deckgebirge. Die wahre Geschwindigkeit der seismischen Welle in diesem Tiefenhorizont beträgt nach neueren Beobachtungen wahrscheinlich etwa 6,18 km/sec. Sie kann granitischem Material zugeordnet werden, das im Bereich des Siegen-Wieder-Sattels seine Höchstlage (etwa 1,5 km u. F.) aufweist und an seinen Flanken bis zu 4 km Tiefe hinabreicht. Bei dieser Deutung würden die magnetischen und seismischen Ergebnisse sich gegenseitig nicht ausschlie\en.Gravimetrische Messungen stellten über dem Siegerländer Gewölbe eine variszisch streichende positive Anomalie von etwa 4 mgl fest, deren geologische Deutung unsicher ist. Die Anomalie kann sowohl durch einen in der Tiefe lagernden Intrusivkörper als auch durch eine Höherlage des Basements und durch die bekannte Sedimenttektonik des Gebietes hervorgerufen sein.Nach einem Vortrag auf der Tagung der Geologischen Vereinigung am 11. März 1956 in Göttingen.  相似文献   

Online First publication     

Jörg-Olaf Wolff  Christian Witschel 《Ocean Dynamics》2005,55(1):1-1

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Geology for environmental planning in northern Scandinavia—a new challenge to produce small-scale maps     

F.C. Wolff  O. Selinus  H. Tanskanen   《Engineering Geology》1990,29(4):339-345

The present paper is a state-of-the-art report on an attempt to create a suitable legend for a small-scale map for land-use planning and to test this legend by compiling a map of this type for part of Scandinavia.  相似文献   

Gradients in physical parameters in zoned felsic magma bodies: Implications for evolution and eruptive withdrawal     

J.A. Wolff  G. Wrner  S. Blake 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》1990,43(1-4)

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Comments on “the petrology of Tambora volcano, Indonesia: a model for the 1815 eruption” by J. Foden     

Stephen Self  John A. Wolff 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》1987,31(1-2)

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The origin and fate of 4-methyl steroids—II. Dehydration of stanols and occurrence of c₃₀ 4-methyl steranes     

George A. Wolff  Neil A. Lamb  James R. Maxwell 《Organic Geochemistry》1986,10(4-6)

Certain features of the distributions of sedimentary 4-methyl steroid hydrocarbons have been investigated: (i) competitive dehydration experiments with stanols adsorbed on a shale suggests a possible explanation for the low abundance of 4-methyl sterenes relative to their desmethyl counterparts in immature sediments, (ii) a 4-methyl spirostene which is a minor product of the backbone rearrangement of 4-methylcholest-4-ene in the laboratory has been tentatively assigned; its presence in a Toarcian black shale with a second isomer provides further evidence that the sedimentary backbone rearrangement of 4-methyl sterenes is analogous to that of their desmethyl counterparts and (iii) the major C₃₀ 4-methyl steranes in Semécourt shale (Toarcian, Paris Basin) differ from those in an Eocene lacustrine shale from China; this indicates the potential complexity of C₃₀ steroidal alkanes (both 4-methyl and desmethyl) which can occur in sedimentary organic matter and shows that care must be taken in using m/z 217 mass chromatograms alone for routine input and maturity assessment using steroidal alkanes.  相似文献   

Organic matter quality and supply to deep-water coral/mound systems of the NW European Continental Margin     

K. Kiriakoulakis  A. Freiwald  E. Fisher  G. A. Wolff 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2007,96(1):159-170

Comparison of five deep-water coral (DWC)/mound ecosystems along the European Continental Margin shows that suspended particulate organic matter (sPOM), a potential food source, is lipid rich and of high quality. However, there are differences between the sites. The Darwin and Pelagia Mounds (N. Rockall Trough and N. Porcupine Bank, respectively) have higher proportions of labile particulate lipids (including high proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids) in the benthic boundary layer than Logachev, Hovland and Belgica Mounds (Rockall Bank, S. Porcupine Bank and Porcupine Seabight, respectively). The high quality sPOM could be transported downslope from the euphotic zone. There is some evidence for inter-annual variability at some sites (e.g. Hovland and Logachev Mounds) as large differences in suspended lipid and particulate organic carbon concentrations were observed over the sampling period. Elevated total organic carbon contents of sediments at mound sites, relative to control sites in some cases (particularly Darwin Mounds), probably reflect local hydrodynamic control and the trapping of sPOM by the DWC. Fresh POM can be relatively rapidly transferred to significant depth (up to 8 cm) through bioturbation that is evident at all sites. There is no clear evidence of present day hydrocarbon seepage at any of the sites.  相似文献   

Quantifying river incision into low‐relief surfaces using local and catchment‐wide 10Be denudation rates          下载免费PDF全文

Reinhard Wolff  Ralf Hetzel  Marcus Strobl 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(11):2327-2341

Relief generation in non‐glaciated regions is largely controlled by river incision into bedrock but datable fluvial terraces that allow quantifying incision rates are not always present. Here we suggest a new method to determine river incision rates in regions where low‐relief surfaces are dissected by streams. The approach consists of three steps and requires the ¹⁰Be concentrations of a stream sediment sample and a regolith sample from the low‐relief surface. In the first step, the spatial distribution of ¹⁰Be surface concentrations in the given catchment is modelled by assuming that denudation rates are controlled by the local hillslope angles. The slope–denudation rate relation for this catchment is then quantified by adjusting the relation between slope angle and denudation rate until the average ¹⁰Be concentration in the model is equal to the one measured in the stream sediment sample. In the second step, curved swath profiles are used to measure hillslope angles adjacent to the main river channel. Third, the mean slope angle derived from these swath profiles and the slope–denudation relation are used to quantify the river incision rate (assuming that the incision rate equals the denudation rate on adjacent hillslopes). We apply our approach to two study areas in southern Tibet and central Europe (Black Forest). In both regions, local ¹⁰Be denudation rates on flat parts of the incised low‐relief surface are lower than catchment‐wide denudation rates. As the latter integrate across the entire landscape, river incision rates must exceed these spatially averaged denudation rates. Our approach yields river incision rates between ~15 and ~30 m/Ma for the Tibetan study area and incision rates of ~70 to ~100 m/Ma in the Black Forest. Taking the lowering of the low‐relief surfaces into account suggests that relief in the two study areas increases at rates of 10–20 and 40–70 m/Ma, respectively. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Evidence on target factors used for port state control inspections     

Pierre Cariou  Maximo Q. Mejia  Francois-Charles Wolff   《Marine Policy》2009,33(5):847-859

Target factors aim at setting criteria to select foreign vessels that should be inspected by port state control authorities. Although a relative consensus exists on the main factors to consider in selecting vessels, the weight to be given to these factors is still unclear. Using data on 26 515 PSC inspections that took place within the Indian Ocean MoU region from 2002 to 2006, we investigate the determinants of the number of deficiencies and of the probability of detention. Our results show that the main contributors to detention are the age of the vessel at inspection (40%), the recognised organization (31%) and the place where the inspection occurs (17%). Also, differences in detention rates amongst various inspecting authorities are essentially explained by differences in the characteristics of vessels calling in a specific country rather than by differences in the way inspections are done.  相似文献