模拟酸雨对阳离子在土体内迁移的影响   总被引：16，自引：4，他引：12  

王代长  蒋新  贺纪正  赵振华  孙磊  郜红建 《地球化学》2004,33(1):46-52

利用室内模拟酸雨的土柱实验,研究了在红壤表土施用钾肥后酸雨对不同土层交换性阳离子迁移的影响.结果表明,在不同土体深度,表土直接受酸沉降的淋溶,也是最容易发生酸化的土层, pH 2.5酸雨淋溶后,表土 pH值下降到 3.5～ 4.2,这是铝的缓冲范围,且土壤交换性 H 和 Al3 含量的增加显示出土壤对酸沉降的缓冲效率和缓冲能力的急剧减弱; pH 4.5酸雨淋溶后, A和 B层土壤 pH值上升了 0.3～ 0.5,其机理与的专性吸附释放 OH-有关;表土施用钾肥后, K 交换土壤表面的 H 和 Al3 ,引起土壤交换性 H 和 Al3 向下迁移;不同 pH值的酸性降雨引起土壤中交换性阳离子向下迁移和淋失的程度也有明显的差异, pH 2.5酸雨淋溶后土壤溶液中钾的含量高于 pH 4.5酸雨淋溶的,但交换性钾含量低于后者; pH 2.5和 pH 4.5酸雨淋溶后交换性钙的淋失量分别占原土的 50%～ 70%和 20%～ 40%,这表明酸雨淋洗会导致养分库的损耗,造成土壤养分贫瘠.  相似文献   

水化学和钙华碳氧稳定同位素在古环境重建中的应用--以贵州荔波小七孔景区响水河为例   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  

刘再华  戴亚南  林玉石 《第四纪研究》2004,24(4):447-454

文章报道了响水河河水的现场监测结果,得到响水河河水的Ca²+和HCO^-₃非常低,这明显与河床中大规模钙华的存在和景区内发育的茂密植被不匹配;并仔细观察发现,钙华表面有被侵蚀的痕迹,如溶蚀槽和溶蚀坑等,这说明目前所见钙华可能是过去环境条件下的产物。根据钙华碳氧稳定同位素组成特征的分析得出:近4000年来,该地区总的气候环境变化趋势是4000～3400aB.P.为相对温暖湿润期,植被生长好,为良性生态期;3400～2000aB.P.前期仍比较温暖但干燥,后期到2000aB.P.左右变得比较凉爽,从这一冷期到大致900aB.P.前后,气候有些波动,但幅度较小,夹有冷暖干湿的交替;而900aB.P.至今,钙华碳氧稳定同位素值的急剧增加,反映出气候的冷干和源区人类活动加剧造成的水土流失增加,岩溶石漠化加重,生态朝恶化方向发展  相似文献   

THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF A MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM WITH HEAVY RAINFALL ALONG SOUTH CHINA COASTAL AREA   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

蒙伟光  张艳霞  戴光丰  闫敬华 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2008,14(1):57-60

Observational analysis shows that a Mesoscale Convective System (MCS) occurred on May 13- 14 2004 along the coastal area in South China. The MCS initiated among the southwesterly flows within a west-east orientation low-level shear line. Associated with the system, in its subsequent development stages, no distinct vortex circulation developed in low-level. Instead, a cyclonic flow disturbance was observed in the mid-troposphere. How the convection starts to develop and evolve into a MCS? With observational analysis and numerical simulation, the problem has been studied. The high-resolution MM5 simulation shows that topographic convergence along the coastal line and the nearby mountains in western South China plays an important role to initiate the MCS convection. Once the convection occurs, due to the condensation heating, a cooperative interaction between the preexisting mid-level disturbance and convection is created,which may greatly affect the MCS development during periods when the system continues moving eastward.Compared to some typical MCS that happen in Southern China, which are usually accompanied with upward development of cyclonic vorticity, the development and evolution of the investigated MCS shows distinguishing features. In this article, the physical mechanisms responsible for the intensification of mid- level disturbance are discussed, and a viewpoint to interpret the effects of mid-level disturbance on the MCS organizational development is proposed.  相似文献   

西伯利亚下地幔底部的剪切波各向异性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

杨凤琴  刘斌  倪四道  曾祥方  戴志阳  吕彦 《地震学报》2008,30(2):209-213

D"在地球动力学演化中起着重要的作用.地震学研究已表明,D"区存在着显著的大尺度区域的地震波各向异性,但由于地震震源与接收台分布的地理局限性,D"区各向异性的研究主要局限于北太平洋、加勒比海、阿拉斯拉、中太平洋等地区(Wookey et al,2005;Garnero,Lay,2003;Matzel,1996;Pulliam,Sen,1998),对西伯利亚下地幔底部的各向异性研究目前尚未见到.  相似文献   

Geometric structure and formation mechanism of Lintong-Chang’an fault zone     

师亚芹  冯希杰  戴王强  李晓妮  任隽  种瑾 《地震学报(英文版)》2008,21(2):156-169

The results from investigation of large quantity of fault outcrops and artificial earthquakes suggest that the Lin-tong-Chang’an fault zone mainly consists of two faults. One is the Majie-Nianwan fault that separates a branch of Wangjiabian-Houjiawan fault on the right bank of the Bahe River; the other is the Hujiagou-Shoupazhang fault that separates a branch of Zhongdicun-Tangjiazhai fault in Tongrenyuan and Shaolingyuan. As tensional dip-slip normal faults, the faults distribute with approximately parallel equal intervals in local regions and the profiles drop in a step-like form to the northwest, presenting a Y-shape combination. The result from deep seismic reflection indicates that the fault is about 5~8 km in depth, which is not only a basement fault, but also a listric normal fault in the deep stratum. The Lintong-Chang’an fault is a typical outstretching rift system under the NS-trending ten-sion stress field. At the same time, affected by the sinistral strike slip of the Yuxia-Tieluzi fault, the fault extends like a broom from the northeast to the southwest.  相似文献   

甘肃年度地震危险区划定的R值评分研究     

代炜  胡永钧  孙军杰  冯建刚  陈立琼 《中国地震》2008,24(3)

年度地震危险区是一个比较特殊的评价对象.作者在前人研究的基础上对R值评分公式做了适当的改进,将原有方法的用地震个数求报准率,改为用地震危险区面积求取报准率,在不改变公式物理意义的前提下,使其更适合于对年度地震危险区这个特殊对象做出科学评价.改进后的公式排除了数学上不成立的情况,不鼓励虚测,不鼓励漏测.对甘肃1986～2007年的年度地震危险区和目前甘肃地震预测预报水平做出了科学客观的评价.依据评价结果提出了改进年度地震危险区划定方法的建议.  相似文献   

A comparative overview of weathering intensity and HCO₃ flux in the world's major rivers with emphasis on the Changjiang,Huanghe, Zhujiang (Pearl) and Mississippi Rivers     

Wei-Jun Cai  Xianghui Guo  Chen-Tung Arthur Chen  Minhan Dai  Longjun Zhang  Weidong Zhai  Steven E. Lohrenz  Kedong Yin  Paul J. Harrison  Yongchen Wang 《Continental Shelf Research》2008

In this paper, general relationships of riverine bicarbonate concentrations and fluxes as a function of drainage basin mineral content and runoff are examined using a database of the 25 largest rivers in the world. Specific HCO₃⁻ flux normalized to unit basin area, which peaks in the mid latitudes, was found to be strongly correlated with the carbonate mineral content of river basins, while river HCO₃⁻ concentration was related to the balance of precipitation and evaporation. Within this global context, the weathering patterns of CO₂ in a few large rivers (Changjiang, Huanghe, Pearl, and Mississippi rivers) were examined in further detail. The Zhujiang (Pearl River), especially its largest branch (Xijiang), was characterized by the highest specific weathering rate among all the world's large rivers due to an exceptionally high carbonate mineral content (over 80%) in its drainage basin and its warm and wet environment. It has a moderate level of HCO₃⁻ concentration, however, due to dilution by relatively high precipitation in the watershed. In stark contrast, the Huanghe (Yellow River) has one of the lowest specific weathering rates because of low carbonate mineral content and a dry climate. However, it has a high HCO₃⁻ concentration due largely to the concentrating effects of high evaporative water loss, as a result of arid weather and the agricultural use of water through irrigation systems, as well as carbonate-containing surficial deposits (i.e., loess). The strong correlation between specific HCO₃⁻ fluxes and discharge in all four rivers with different discharge seasonality suggests that higher precipitation in drainage basins promotes higher weathering rates.  相似文献   

CDMA VPDN构建IP数字测震台网     

谌亮  张艺  戴仕贵 《地震地磁观测与研究》2008,29(1):70-76

通过对目前CDMA2000 1x网络技术和构架的深入介绍,可了解CDMA VPDN的应用原理。针对CDMA传输的早期台网方案在应用中的不足,以四川省数字测震台网为例,详细介绍了利用CDMA VPDN构建IP数字测震台网的组网方式和网络构架。最后,对该方案使用中存在的一些常见问题给予了详细分析并针对问题提出了处理方法和建议。  相似文献   

青岛崂山ML 4．1地震序列应力降变化研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

郑建常  潘元生  万连初  代磊 《地震地磁观测与研究》2008,29(4)

根据Andrews谱积分方法,采用近震源Brune圆盘模型,研究了2003年6月3日青岛崂山ML4.1地震序列破裂过程中应力降变化情况.结果表明,崂山序列主震静应力降为24 MPa,动态应力降大约为静态应力降的2.2倍;崂山序列余震应力降普遍低于5 MPa,约有80%的余震应力降小于1 MPa,显示出与主震断层面有关的余震低应力降现象,这说明主震的破裂与余震破裂过程之间存在明显的差别.这种现象与崂山序列的弱强度衰减一致,表明此次序列的余震属于低能量破裂过程.计算结果显示:①由Andrews谱积分方法得到的小震应力降与震级大小存在一定的相关性;②小应力降事件的静态应力降和动态应力降的比值普遍小于1,未发现明显的应力降之比与Brune应力降之间的关系.  相似文献   

三十烷醇对海带三个品系雌配子体克隆生长和发育的影响   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

庄岩  戴继勋 《海洋湖沼通报》1998,(4):39-42

以海带雌配子休克隆为实验材料,通过施用三十烷醇处理。结果表明,三个品系在供试条件下,LH36生长最好,LH30发育率最高。它们对TA的反应为浓度在0．5～1．0×10-5mg／L时,都有促生长作用,其中LH30反应最敏感,LH10次之。浓度在1．0×10-5mg／L时,发育率最高,其中LH30发育率为51．5％,LH10为18．0％。LH36对各浓度处理的发育反应,差异都不明显。  相似文献