Seasonal variation in nature and chemical compositions of spring water in Cuihua Mountain,Shaanxi Province,central China     

Jingbo Zhao  Changyan Wang  Zhangdong Jin  Guizhen Sun  Jun Xiao 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(8):1753-1760

Two springs (Cuihua Spring, Shuiqiuchi Spring) in Cuihua Mountain of the Qinling Mountains were observed and sampled monthly during 2004 and 2005 to trace their physical properties and chemical compositions with seasons. Although both pH values and cation (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, and Na⁺) contents of Cuihua Spring are higher than those of Shuiqiuchi Spring, seasonal variations in both springs are obvious. The pH values of both spring waters are between 5.69 and 6.98, lower than that of rainwater during summer and autumn. From January to November, the pH values of both springs similarly vary from high to low and then to high again. Variations in electric conductivities of two spring waters are contrary, although their electric conductivities are positively correlative with the cation content respectively. This can be attributed to different water sources of the two springs or different acidic rocks they passed. The contents of HCO₃ ⁻, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, and Na⁺ are low, indicating a low silicate weathering that the strata in this district are mainly composed of granite and schist of quartz and mica. Differing from change in spring water in karst regions of South China where abundant precipitation and dilution of rainwater cause low pH and electric conductivity in summer and autumn, the seasonal variations in the pH values and the electric conductivities of two springs in Qinling Mountains are attributed to seasonal changes in CO₂ produced by microorganisms’ activity in soil within respective year, rather than rainfall. The microorganisms’ activity in soil produces more CO₂ during summer and autumn. Therefore, the water nature of springs in silicate regions chiefly reflects the seasonal changes of CO₂ produced by the microorganisms in soil.  相似文献   

Contamination,chemical speciation and vertical distribution of heavy metals in soils of an old and large industrial zone in Northeast China   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Fayun Li  Zhiping Fan  Pengfei Xiao  Kokyo Oh  Xiping Ma  Wei Hou 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(8):1815-1823

Heavy metal pollution of soils has become a major concern in China as a consequence of rapid urbanization and industrialization in recent years. However, the evaluation on soil heavy metal pollution in Shenyang, the largest heavy industrial base city in China, has not yet been conducted. In this study, accumulation, chemical speciation, and vertical distribution Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in soils were studied and pollution condition was assessed in Tiexi Industrial District of Shenyang, the largest and oldest industrial zone in Northeastern China. The results showed that in topsoil, the average concentration of total Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd was 209.06, 599.92, 470.19 and 8.59 mg kg⁻¹, respectively, much higher than the national threshold limit. The values of pollution index and integrated pollution index showed that the pollution level was Cd > Cu > Zn > Pb, and Cd, Cu and Zn belong to heavy pollution level. The residual, Fe and Mn oxide-bound, and organic-bound species accounted for about 90%, while carbonate-bound and exchangeable species accounted for about 10%. This study indicates that the soils in the industrial zone were widely and extremely polluted by multi-heavy metals as a result of long-term industrial activities.  相似文献   

Physiological acclimation strategies of riparian plants to environment change in the delta of the Tarim River,China     

Xiao Ruan  Qiang Wang  Cun-De Pan  Ya-Ning Chen  Hao Jiang 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(8):1761-1773

The occurrence and development of riparian forests, which were mainly dominated by mesophytes species related closely with surface water. Since there was no water discharged to the lower reaches of Tarim River in the past three decade years, the riparian forests degrade severely. The groundwater table, the saline content of the groundwater, as well as the content of free proline, soluble sugars, plant endogenous hormones (abscisic acid (ABA), and cytokinins (CTK)) of the leaves and relative rates of sap flow of the Populus euphratica Oliv. (arbor species), Tamarix ramosissima Ldb. (bush species), and Apocynum venetum L. (herb species) were monitored and analyzed at the lower reaches of the Tarim River in the study area where five positions on a transect were fixed at 100 m intervals along a sampling direction from riverbank to the sand dunes before and after water release. The physiological responses and acclimation strategies of three species to variations in water and salinity stress were discussed. It was found that A. venetum population recovered to groundwater table ranging from −1.73 to −3.56 m, and when exposed to saline content of the groundwater ranging from 36.59 to 93.48 m mol/L; P. euphratica appeared to be more sensitive to the elevation of groundwater table than the A. venetum and T. ramosissima at groundwater table ranging from −5.08 to −5.80 m, and when exposed to saline content of the groundwater ranging from 42.17 to 49.55 m mol/L. T. ramosissima tended to be the best candidate species for reclamation in this hyper-arid area because it responded to groundwater table ranging from −1.73 to −7.05 m, and when exposed to saline content of the groundwater ranging from 36.59 to 93.48 m mol/L. These results explained the distribution patterns of desert vegetation in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. Understanding the relationships among ecological factors variables, physiological response and acclimation strategies of plant individuals could provide guidance to sustainable management, reclamation and development of this and similar regions.  相似文献   

长江口地区地面沉降的深部动力学机制分析   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

黎兵  王寒梅  谢建磊  李晓  张开均  魏子新  严学新 《第四纪研究》2009,29(2):318-326

地表变形、活动断裂和地球物理的综合分析表明,菲律宾洋壳向欧亚大陆的俯冲导致的地幔对流是控制中国东部沿海地区晚新生代以来构造作用的主导因素,是长江口地区地面沉降的主要深部动力学机制。由于地幔对流和青藏高原挤压共同作用导致的地壳热流值的差异则是长江口地区西部隆升、东部沉降且向东沉降速率增大的直接驱动力。预测未来长江口地区的基岩沉降范围将以>10cm/a的速率向西扩大,沉降速率将呈明显加速趋势,40000a之内上海市可能被海水淹没,但板块构造演化的“渐变”特征决定其对当地未来的人类活动不会造成显著影响。根据“地壳均衡理论”,建议在长江口南西部(浙江省北东部)的丘陵山区加大重力载荷如加快城市化进程或人工造山以减小和控制上海地区的沉降。  相似文献   

北大西洋风暴轴高低空分布及其能量诊断     

余霄  黄菲  王鑫  管承扬  张荣望 《气候与环境研究》2017,22(6):658-670

利用1979~2013年NCEP再分析数据,通过经验正交分解对比了前冬时期北大西洋风暴轴的高低空分布,并用涡动动能(Eddy Kinetic Energy,EKE)方程对风暴轴高低空分布型差异进行了诊断。研究结果表明:上层和下层第一空间分布型差异巨大,对流层下层风暴轴中心偏北,靠近极地,而上层风暴轴中心偏西南,靠近北美沿岸。EKE方程诊断结果表明:正压转换项在高低空符号相反,导致了EKE在上、下层分布出现显著差异,即上层正压转换项为负,在扰动发展中起能量耗散作用,而下层正压转换项为正,且极大值区域对应下层EKE极大值区域,为风暴轴下层向极区域增强的主要原因。而斜压转换和非地转位势通量散度在上层均为正,且远大于下层,为风暴轴上层涡动能量维持的原因,也从涡动能量收支上解释了风暴轴的主体出现在上层。  相似文献   

基本结构有限元算法及大地电磁测深一维连续介质正演   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

陈小斌  赵国泽 《地球物理学报》2004,47(3):535-541

提出了一种新的数值方法——基本结构有限元法. 从经典的伽辽金法（Galerkin method）出发,首先定义了基本结构插值基函数,在此基础上建立了基本结构方程,然后用有限元法进行进一步的具体实现. 该算法被成功应用到大地电磁测深一维连续介质正演计算中. 采用了6种不同的单元插值基函数进行计算,并对计算结果进行了比较和分析.  相似文献   

在中国地震动参数区划图编制中GIS信息系统的应用   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

叶洪  周庆  陈国光  单新建  屈春燕  陈晓莉 《地震地质》2004,26(4):742-749

编制全国性的地震动参数区划图,涉及到多个学科的大量与空间位置有关的信息,需要对海量空间数据进行有效的存储、处理与统计分析。GIS信息技术适用于存储、管理、分析与表述各种带有空间分布特征的信息。文中介绍了在中国地震动参数区划图编制工作中“GIS信息系统设计专题”的成果。该专题所设计的系统,可充分利用GIS信息技术的各项功能,对编制地震区划图所使用的各种数据从输入、编辑、处理、分析、图形绘制到输出进行系统的、科学的可视化分析与管理。中国地震动参数区划图GIS系统的数据库分为3个子系统1)地震环境及潜在震源区子系统;2)地震动基础资料及衰减关系子系统;3)地震动参数概率计算结果子系统  相似文献   

基于图像分析的双台面波相速度频散曲线快速提取方法   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  

姚华建  徐果明  肖翔  朱良保 《地震地磁观测与研究》2004,25(1):1-8

双台波形的互相关方法是面波相速度频散曲线提取的一种常用方法。传统的方法精度不高,效率较低。本文提出了一种基于图像分析的频散曲线快速提取方法,采用图像显示互相关振幅矩阵,且提出了快速追踪整条频散曲线的算法,并用Matlab编写了交互式的处理软件。基于这种方法编写的资料处理软件提高了双台相速度频散曲线提取的速度和精度,为大批量处理地震数据资料提供了坚实的软件基础。基于图像分析的方法可以更为清晰地展现出双台问的面波频散曲线的特征,对频散曲线的识别和分析也提供了更为有效的研究工具。  相似文献   

汉诺坝大麻坪低εNd中性麻粒岩包体单颗粒锆石U-Pb年代学研究   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

刘勇胜  高山  柳小明  袁洪林  周炼 《地球化学》2004,33(3):261-268

利用 LA-ICPMS对采集自汉诺坝大麻坪玄武岩中的两个 143Nd/144Nd比值最低[εNd(0)=-26.8～-29.5]的中性麻粒岩包体的单颗粒锆石 U-Pb年代学进行了研究,获得了 2 444 Ma和 2 494 Ma的上交点年龄和 88 Ma的下交点年龄,反映它们是新太古代形成的受到中生代岩浆底侵-热变质作用影响的下地壳麻粒岩.这些包体与周坝玄武岩中～1.9 Ga的长英质麻粒岩包体共同确证了华北克拉通北缘目前的下地壳中仍然残留有前寒武纪下地壳岩石.结合区域构造演化历史和 DMP-70的层状堆晶特征,推断其原岩形成于～2.5 Ga岩浆底侵事件.  相似文献   

最近13万年以来洛川黄土剖面中固定铵态氮的古气候意义   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

饶文波  罗泰义  高振敏  李晓彪 《地球化学》2004,33(2):185-190

对13万年以来洛川黄土-古土壤序列中固定铵态氮进行了分析.末次间冰期S1古土壤中固定铵态氮含量最高,其次为冰后期S0古土壤,末次冰期形成的马兰黄土最低;而且,固定铵态氮的分布在马兰黄土中也能体现出三次小的低-高值的波动特征.洛川黄土13万年以来固定铵态氮的分布与磁化率和<2μm组分的分布相似.在此基础上,利用马兰黄土中粒度与固定铵态氮的相关关系,计算了S1古土壤中固定铵的分布,并与实测结果进行了对比,推测S1古土壤中固定铵态氮有轻微的损失,尽管如此,S1古土壤中固定铵态氮含量仍然高于黄土.鉴于黄土-古土壤序列中固定铵态氮的分布与粉尘粒度有密切的关系,能与气候变化较好地对应,它可视为反映黄土高原区东亚冬季风强-弱周期性变化较好的替代性指标.  相似文献