土壤饱和导水率的多尺度预测模型与转换关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘继龙  马孝义  张振华  赵伟森 《水科学进展》2013,24(4):568-573

运用联合多重分形方法研究不同土层土壤饱和导水率与土壤基本物理特性的多尺度相关性,建立不同土层土壤饱和导水率的多尺度预测模型,构建不同土层土壤饱和导水率之间的转换关系。结果表明:不同土层土壤饱和导水率与土壤基本物理特性的相关程度排序不同;在单一尺度和多尺度上,0~20 cm土层土壤饱和导水率与土壤基本物理特性的相关程度排序相同,20~40 cm土层土壤饱和导水率与土壤基本物理特性的相关程度排序不同;土壤饱和导水率多尺度预测模型的预测精度较高,0~20 cm土层和20~40 cm土层拟合值的均方根误差分别为0.035 0和0.029 0;0~20 cm土层和20~40 cm土层土壤饱和导水率转换关系的计算精度较高,拟合值的均方根误差为0.037 5。  相似文献   

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范晓易  王夫运 《大地测量与地球动力学》2014,34(2):84-89

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郭永强  邵斌  王观虎  杨鑫  张晓义  张小小 《大地测量与地球动力学》2014,34(4):149-152

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基于数字海图及遥感的近60年崇明东滩湿地演变分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑宗生  周云轩  田波  姜晓轶  刘志国 《国土资源遥感》2013,25(1):130-136

利用9幅崇明东滩湿地1951-2006年海图数据,10幅MSS,TM及ETM+卫星数据,采用水边线及等深线叠加技术,将湿地陆面及水下部分作为相互关联的整体,定性与定量相结合,综合分析崇明东滩湿地近60 a的演变.结果表明:①东滩湿地目前的演变过程已趋于稳定,在长江口河势稳定的情况下,将保持“南冲北淤、部分交替、中部淤涨”的态势;②人类活动是东滩湿地自然演变的重要驱动力,白港潮汐通道的封堵使东滩湿地成陆过程大大加快,东滩湿地0m线较为稳定地向东部扩展,在人类逐年围垦活动的干预下,湿地面积虽然逐年增加,但潮间带结构已偏离湿地自然状态,高潮滩面积所占比重减少,且成不连续分布,海堤直接暴露于外部海洋环境中,将降低对灾害天气的防御能力.  相似文献   

秦巴山区植被覆盖与土壤湿度时空变化特征及其相互关系   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

翟雅倩  张翀  周旗  常宵移 《地球信息科学学报》2018,20(7):967-977

基于2001-2014年MODIS-NDVI和MODIS-LST数据,利用温度植被干旱指数对土壤湿度进行遥感反演,分析了秦巴山区植被覆盖与土壤湿度时空变化特征及其相互关系。研究发现：① 秦巴山区植被覆盖与土壤湿度均呈增加趋势;② 植被覆盖整体水平较高且表现出“四周低,中间高”的空间分布特征,土壤湿度整体表现出“北低南高”的空间分布特征,大体上二者呈现出空间分布正相关性;③ 植被改善趋势表现明显,显著改善区分布分散,无明显集中区域,退化区域主要集中于北部渭河沿岸及东部边缘少量地区;土壤湿度增长态势明显,增大区分布于除西北边缘及东北边缘外的几乎整个研究区中,减小区域面积小且大部分表现不显著;④ 秦巴山区植被覆盖与土壤湿度时空变化上呈现出明显的正相关性,其中69.71%的区域表现出土壤湿度增大-植被覆盖改善的特征,分布于研究区除四周边缘地带外的大部分地区。  相似文献   

南北极海冰变化及其影响因素的对比分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

柯长青  金鑫  沈校熠  李萌萌 《极地研究》2020,32(1):1-12

海冰是海洋-大气交互系统的重要组成部分,与全球气候系统间存在灵敏的响应和反馈机制。本文选用欧洲空间局发布的1992—2008年海冰密集度数据分析了南北极海冰在时间和空间上的变化规律与趋势,并结合由美国环境预报中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP)和美国大气研究中心(National Center for Atmospheric Research, NCAR)联合制作的NCEP/NCAR气温数据和ENSO指数探讨了南北极海冰变化的影响因素。结果表明,北极海冰面积呈明显的减少趋势,其中夏季海冰最小月的减少更快。北冰洋中央海盆区、巴伦支海、喀拉海、巴芬湾和拉布拉多海的减少最明显。南极海冰面积呈微弱增加趋势,罗斯海、太平洋扇区和大西洋扇区的海冰增加。北极海冰面积与气温有显著的滞后1个月的负相关关系(P0.01)。北极升温显著,北冰洋中央海盆区、喀拉海、巴伦支海、巴芬湾和楚科奇海升温趋势最大,海冰减少很明显。南极在南大西洋、南太平洋呈降温趋势,海冰增加。北极海冰减少与39个月之后ONI的下降、40个月之后SOI的上升密切相关;南极海冰增加与7个月之后ONI的下降、6个月之后SOI的上升存在很好的响应关系。南北极海冰变化与三次ENSO的强暖与强冷事件有很好的对应关系。  相似文献   

Discrimination of different sea ice types from CryoSat-2 satellite data using an Object-based Random Forest (ORF)     

Su Shu  Xiaoyi Shen  Zhanchi Liu  Qiuhua Tang  Haili Li 《Marine Geodesy》2020,43(3):213-233

Abstract

Sea ice type is one of the most sensitive variables in Arctic sea ice monitoring, and it is important for the retrieval of ice thickness. In this study, we analyzed various waveform features that characterize the echo waveform shape and Sigma0 (i.e., backscatter coefficient) of CryoSat-2 synthetic aperture radar altimeter data over different sea ice types. Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute operational ice charts were input as reference. An object-based random forest (ORF) classification method is proposed with overall classification accuracy of 90.1%. Accuracy of 92.7% was achieved for first-year ice (FYI), which is the domain ice type in the Arctic. Accuracy of 76.7% was achieved at the border of FYI and multiyear ice (MYI), which is better than current state-of-the-art methods. Accuracy of 83.8% was achieved for MYI. Results showed the overall accuracy of the ORF method was increased by ～8% in comparison with other methods, and the classification accuracy at the border of FYI and MYI was increased by ～10.5%. Nevertheless, ORF classification performance might be influenced by the selected waveform features, snow loading, and the ability to distinguish sea ice from leads.  相似文献   

Stochastic Cost Optimization of Multistrategy DNAPL Site Remediation     

Jack Parker  Ungtae Kim  Peter K. Kitanidis  Michael Cardiff  Xiaoyi Liu 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》2010,30(3):65-78

This paper investigates numerical optimization of dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) site remediation design considering effects of prediction and measurement uncertainty. Results are presented for a hypothetical problem involving remediation using thermal source reduction (TSR) and bioremediation with electron donor (ED) injection. Pump-and-treat is utilized as a backup measure if compliance criteria are not met. Remediation system design variables are optimized to minimize expected net present value (ENPV) cost. Adaptive criteria are assumed for real-time control of TSR and ED duration. Source zone dissolved concentration data enabled more reliable and lower cost operation of TSR than soil concentration data, but using both soil and dissolved data improved results sufficiently to more than offset the additional cost. Decisions to terminate remediation and monitoring or to initiate pump-and-treat are complicated by measurement noise. Simultaneous optimization of monitoring frequency, averaging period, and lookback periods to confirm decisions, in addition to remediation design variables, reduced ENPV cost. Results indicate that remediation design under conditions of uncertainty is affected by subtle interactions and tradeoffs between design variables, compliance rules, site characteristics, and uncertainty in model predictions and monitoring data. Optimized designs yielded cost savings of up to approximately 50% compared with a nonoptimized design based on common engineering practices. Significant improvements in accuracy and reductions in cost were achieved by recalibrating the model to data collected during remediation and re-optimizing design variables. Repeating this process periodically is advisable to minimize total costs and maximize reliability.  相似文献   

Shaking table test and numerical simulation of an RC frame‐core tube structure for earthquake‐induced collapse          下载免费PDF全文

Zheng Lu  Xiaoyi Chen  Xilin Lu  Zi Yang 《地震工程与结构动力学》2016,45(9):1537-1556

The reinforced concrete frame‐core tube structure is a common form of high‐rise building; however, certain vertical components of these structures are prone to be damaged by earthquakes, debris flow, or other accidents, leaving no time for repair or retrofit. This study is motivated by a practical problem—that is, the seismic vulnerability and collapse resistant capability under future earthquakes when a vertical member has failed. A reduced scale model (1:15 scale) of a typical reinforced concrete frame‐core tube with a corner column removed from the first floor is designed, fabricated, and tested. The corner column is replaced by a jack, and the failure behavior is simulated by manually unloading the jack. The model is then excited by a variety of seismic ground motions on the shaking table. Experimental results concerning the seismic responses and actual process of collapse are presented herein. Finally, the earthquake‐induced collapse process is simulated numerically using the software program ANSYS/LS‐DYNA. Validation and calibration of the model are carried out by comparison with the experimental results. Furthermore, based on both experimental investigations and numerical simulations, the collapse mechanism is discussed, and some suggestions on collapse design are put forward. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

温度对甚宽频地震计性能的影响     

王晓蕾  朱小毅  薛兵  林湛  李建飞  刘洋君  蒋久明 《地震地磁观测与研究》2012,33(3):257-263

以甚宽频地震计BBVS120为研究对象,通过温度实验测试,研究温度对甚宽频地震计性能影响。结合分析关键元件材料的温度特性,讨论温度对甚宽频地震计灵敏度、幅频特性影响的原因,科学评价观测仪器的温度效应。  相似文献