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51.
Upwelling and surface cold patches in the Yellow Sea in summer: Effects of tidal mixing on the vertical circulation 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
A three-dimensional, prognostic, wave–tide–circulation coupled numerical model is developed to study the effects of tidal mixing on the summertime vertical circulation in the Yellow Sea (YS). The distribution and mechanisms of upwelling are investigated by numerical means. Validated by historical tide gauge data, satellite sea surface temperature (SST) data, and cruise observation data, the model shows satisfactory performances in reproducing the dominant tidal system and three-dimensional sea temperature structure. Model results suggest that strong tidal mixing plays an important role in the formation of the vertical circulation in the YS. The Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (YSCWM) is fringed by typical tidal mixing fronts (TMFs), which separate the cold, stratified water at the offshore side from the warm, well-mixed, shallow water at the other side. Considerable baroclinic gradient across the TMF makes the frontal zone the spot where the most active vertical circulation occurs; a secondary circulation is triggered with a distinct upwelling branch occurring mainly on the mixed side of the front. The numerical model produces systematic upwelling belts surrounding the YSCWM, and the upwelling is essentially induced by the TMF over sloping topography. The relative importance of tidal mixing and wind forcing for upwelling is further examined in numerical experiments. The southerly wind enhances the upwelling off the western coasts, but its overall influences in the whole YS are less important than tidal mixing. As shown by both satellite data and numerical modeling, the summertime SST field in the YS is featured by the stable existence of several site-selective surface cold patches (SCPs), most of which scatter in the waters off convex coastlines. One of the SCPs is found off Subei Bank, and the others are located off the eastern tip of Shandong Peninsula and off the three tips of Korean Peninsula. Two processes give rise to the SCP: on the one hand, TMF-induced upwelling supplies cold water from the deep layer; on the other hand, tidal mixing itself can stir the bottom water upward and homogenize the water column vertically. In the waters around the tips of peninsula in the YS, the tidal currents are extraordinarily strong, which provides a possible explanation for the site-selectivity of the SCPs. 相似文献
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初值信息在气候预测中的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用胞映射全局分析方法,研究初值信息在气候预测中的作用。针对人们认识气候的实际过程,分别提出4种初始条件,研究一个最大简化的大气模式做逐日级别预报和量值预报以及月平均级别预报和量值预报的能力。结果表明,初值信息掌握得越多,预报误差就越小,预报的相对准确率就越高。 相似文献
54.
针对研究区(黑方台地区)黄土的非饱和蠕变特性,采用改进型的FSR-10非饱和三轴蠕变仪进行了基质吸力控制条件下的三轴蠕变试验,研究发现:（1）当施加的偏应力较小时,黄土的变形较小,并具有一定程度的可恢复性,随着偏应力的增加,土颗粒需经过较长的时间才能够移动到新的位置,达到新的平衡,当偏应力增加到一定程度时,颗粒移动难以达到平衡,土样发生破坏。（2）在其他条件相同的情况下,围压与试样产生的变形量呈负相关,且围压越小,变形达到稳定所需的时间也越长;（3）在围压和偏应力水平一定的情况下,土体的变形量随基质吸力呈负相关,且基质吸力越小,蠕变曲线达到稳定所需的时间越长。 相似文献
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Jingwei Hou Xingang Fan Rentao Liu 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(12):2462-2485
The optimal spatial allocation of irrigation water under uncertainty has become a serious concern because of irrigation water shortage and uncertain factors that affect irrigation water allocation. In this study, an optimal multi-objective model for irrigation water allocation under uncertainty is developed to maximise the economic benefit of crops and minimise the operation cost and water deficit of crop irrigation. The original and optimal plantation structure, irrigation mode and soil water content are acquired through geospatial technology. A bilayer nested optimisation (BLNO) algorithm is designed to produce multiple individuals of design vectors using an ant colony neural network algorithm for an outer optimisation. Meanwhile, a continuous adaptive ant colony (CAAC) algorithm is used for inner optimisation to calculate the interval values of the uncertain model. The crop distribution and irrigation mode are obtained to parameterise the planting area and the water demand of each crop and each block in the multi-objective model. This model is then solved and analysed. Compared to the optimal schemes obtained from an inexact two-stage fuzzy-stochastic programming and the CAAC, respectively, BLNO can effectively and efficiently solve the optimal spatial allocation of irrigation water under uncertainty. This method can spatially maximise the economic benefit of crops and minimise the operation cost and water deficit of crop irrigation using lower and upper bound maps whilst visually obtaining the exact crop type, reasonable irrigation method and precise water demand for each block and for the entire irrigated area. 相似文献
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黄海陆架锋特征及其生态效应的初步分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
黄海陆架锋是影响中国东部陆架边缘海生态系统的一种关键的中尺度物理过程,对局部的生物地球化学过程非常重要.不少学者也致力于黄海陆架锋的研究,通过分析观测资料和数值模拟,不断认识和揭示了陆架锋的产生机制及其分布和变化规律,同时,在锋区环流结构以及陆架锋与一些生态学现象的联系方面也取得了一定的进展.在系统总结和归纳黄海陆架锋相关研究成果的基础上,阐述了陆架锋的生态效应和生态功能,并对今后黄海陆架锋区研究的着力点进行了分析,提出通过开展锋区生态系以及锋区生态系统动力学等方面的研究,有希望成为海洋生态学中新的生长点,同时也为黄海海洋生态学的研究提供新课题. 相似文献
58.
基于机载激光高度计测得的南极威德尔海西北区域冬季海冰表面起伏数据,结合脊帆形态参数和空间分布对中性条件(大气层处于中性平衡态)下对应10m高度处风速的冰-气拖曳系数Cdn(10)和脊帆形拖曳力Fd的参数化方案进行了改进,并探讨了冰-气拖曳系数Cdn(10)和脊帆形拖曳力对总拖曳力的贡献随脊帆强度(脊帆高度与间距的比值,其中脊帆高度是指脊帆顶点到平整冰面的垂直距离,脊帆间距是指相邻两个脊帆顶点之间的距离)和冰面粗糙长度的变化情况。结果表明,冰-气拖曳系数Cdn(10)随脊帆强度增大呈递增趋势,对较小的脊帆强度,Cdn(10)随粗糙长度的增大而增大,但脊帆强度较大时,Cdn(10)随粗糙长度减小而增大,即存在某一脊帆强度阈值,使Cdn(10)在该阈值两侧随粗糙长度的变化趋势相反;脊帆形拖曳力对总拖曳力的贡献随脊帆强度减小而减小,随着粗糙长度增大而减小。通过分析发现,造成以上不同变化趋势的主要原因是:随着脊帆强度的增大,摩拖曳力在总拖曳力中的优势地位逐渐由形拖曳力代替。 相似文献
59.
利用内蒙古自治区116个气象站1961—2008年逐日降水量资料,以年序列的第90和95个百分位,分别建立了单站日降水量极端气候事件的阈值,检测了近48年来内蒙古逐日降水量极端事件的出现频率,分析了极端事件阈值、频数及降水量的空间分布和年际、年代际及季节变化的差异,对比分析了1987年前后极端事件频次和降水量的变化。结果显示：1) 内蒙古日降水极端事件的阈值普遍较小,在2.1～23.8 mm之间;全年极端事件出现的频次在2.4～20.9 d之间;降水极端事件的阈值、频次、降水量等空间差异十分明显。2) 近48年来内蒙古区域平均的夏季和全年降水极端事件没有显著的增减变化趋势,但进入21世纪后,7—8月内蒙古极端降水事件和极端事件的降水量明显减少。3) 1987年气温显著升高以后,中部大部地区和东南部降水极端事件减少,东北部大部和西部增加。 相似文献
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