Spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation based on corrected TRMM data around the Hexi Corridor, China     

Tao Zhang  YuanQing He  Jian M  Juan Pang 《寒旱区科学》2014,6(2):0159-0167

Accurate rainfall distribution is difficult to acquire based on limited meteorological stations, especially in remote areas like high mountains and deserts. The Hexi Corridor and its adjacent regions （including the Qilian Mountains and the Alxa Plateau） are typical districts where there are only 30 available rain gauges. Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission （TRMM） data provide a possible solution. After precision analysis of monthly 0.25 degree resolution TRMM 3B43 data from 1998 to 2012, we find that the correlations between TRMM 3B43 estimates and rain gauge precipitation are significant overall and in each station around the Hexi Corridor; however, the biases of annual precipitation differ in different stations and are seriously overestimated in most of the sites. Thus, Inverse Distance Weighting （IDW） interpolation method was used to rectify TRMM data based on the difference between TRMM 3B43 estimates and rain gauge observations. The results show that rectified TRMM data present more details than rain gauges in remote areas where there are few stations, alt- hough they show high coherence of distribution. Precipitation decreases from southeast to northwest on an annual and seasonal scale. There are three rainfall centers （〉500 mm） including Menyuan, Qilian and Toson Lake, and two low rain- fall centers （〈50 mm） including Dunhuang and Ejin Banner. Meanwhile, precipitation in most of the study area presents an increasing trend; especially in northern Qilian Mountains （〉5 mm/a）, Badain Jaran Desert （〉2 mm/a）, Toson Lake （〉20 mm/a） and Qingtu Lake （〉20 ram/a） which shows a significant increasing trend, while precipitation in Hala Lake （〈-2 mm/a） and Tengger Desert （〈-3 mm/a） demonstrates a decreasing trend.  相似文献   

Zoospore-derived monoecious gametophytes in Undaria pinnatifida (Phaeophyceae)     

李静  逄少军  单体锋  刘峰  高素芹 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(2):365-371

The annual life cycle of the brown seaweed Undaria pinnatifi da(Harvey)Suringer comprises a macroscopic diploid sporophyte stage and a microscopic haploid gametophyte stage.In 2011,an unusual zoospore-derived monoecious gametophyte isolate(designated as line 10-5-3)of U.pinnatifi da was observed.To understand this phenomenon,a comprehensive screening of eighty-two previously identifi ed male gametophyte cultures,isolated from three randomly selected cultivars(lines 10,7,and 5)was performed.Thirty-six of the isolates developed both antheridia and oogonia on the same fi lamentous fragment in a standard gametogenesis test(SGT: 18°C,60 μmol photons/(m 2·s)).Selfi ng of the monoecious gametophyte or crossing it with a normal male gametophyte both gave rise to morphologically normal sporophytic offspring.However,crossing resulted in a much higher fertilization rate(89.7%).The hybrid and selfed sporophytic offspring were grown to maturity in fl ow tanks at an ambient temperature of 10–18°C over a period of 69 days.Active zoospores were released from both types of mature sporophylls.The majority of these developed into male gametophytes,while 15%–20% developed into the observed monoecious structures on the same fi lament.Using PCR amplifi cation it was found that all the monoecious gametophyte isolates and the sporophytic offspring resulting from the selfi ng and crossing lacked the femalelinked microsatellite sequence(a part of the locus Up-AC-2A8,GenBank accession No.AY738602.1),indicating their male nature.U.pinnatifi da is an invasive species in some regions and the implications of the above fi ndings for this species in nature are briefl y discussed.  相似文献   

苍梧县砂糖桔低温冷害风险区划     

李敬源  钟晓云  叶瑜  潘绍勇  赵伟明 《气象研究与应用》2014,(1):63-66,I0001

通过对苍梧县各个镇低温冷害的分析,找出影响苍梧县砂糖桔生产的4个气候关键因子,通过归一化方法和加权综合评价法分析,利用地理信息系统（GIS）绘制出苍梧县砂糖桔低温冷害风险区划专题图.区划图明确分出苍梧县低温冷害的低风险区、次低风险区、中等风险区、次高风险区和高风险区.在此基础上,针对各风险区域进行了分析与评述,特别指出了防御低温冷害的措施,为苍梧县砂糖桔生产趋利避害和优化布局提供科学决策依据.  相似文献   

Tree mortality in response to climate change induced drought across Beijing,China     

Xiongqing Zhang  Yuancai Lei  Yong Pang  Xianzhao Liu  Jinzeng Wang 《Climatic change》2014,124(1-2):179-190

Tree mortality in response to climate change induced drought has emerged as a global concern. Small changes of tree mortality rates can profoundly affect forest structure, composition, dynamics and ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration. Our analyses of longitudinal data from natural stands (82 plots) in Beijing showed that tree mortality rates have increased significantly over the two decades from 1986 to 2006. In contrast, recruitment rates decreased significantly over this period. The increase in overall mortality rates resulted from an increase in tree deaths dominantly attributed to changes in temperature and precipitation resulting in drier conditions across latitudes, elevations, tree species, and tree sizes. In addition, the results showed that mortality rates of Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis) (β ₁ ?=?0.0874) as a result of climate change induce drought were much smaller than oak (Quercus) (β ₁ ?=?0.1583).  相似文献   

高分七号卫星激光测高仪无场几何定标法     

李国元  唐新明  周晓青  卢刚  陈继溢  黄庚华  高小明  刘诏  欧阳斯达 《测绘学报》2022,51(3):401-412

无场几何定标是未来多波束激光测高卫星面临的一个关键问题。本文针对高分七号（GF-7）线性体制全波形激光测高仪,提出了一种基于地形和波形匹配的无场分步定标方法。在深入分析高分七号卫星激光测高仪特点的基础上,构建了严密几何定位模型,采用公开版的地形参考数据和某地区1∶2000高精度的DOM和LiDAR-DSM基础地理信息成果,开展了在轨无场几何定标试验,显著提高了高分七号卫星激光测高数据精度。在2020年上半年受新冠肺炎影响未进行外场定标期间,有效解决了激光测高数据处理无定标参数的实际困难。本文对无场定标结果与高分七号实际外场定标结果进行对比验证,结果表明,无场定标结果与实际落点位置的平面误差为11.597±3.693 m,最小值为7.115 m,平坦地区高程精度优于0.3 m,虽然略低于外场定标结果,但能满足1∶10 000高程控制点测量需求。  相似文献   

Geochemistry,and zircon U–Pb and molybdenite Re–Os geochronology of Jilongshan Cu–Au deposit,southeastern Hubei Province,China     

A‐Juan Pang  Sheng‐Rong Li  M. Santosh  Qing‐Yu Yang  Bao‐Jian Jia  Cheng‐Dong Yang 《Geological Journal》2014,49(1):52-68

The Jilongshan skarn Cu–Au deposit is located at the Jiurui ore cluster region in the southwestern part of the Middle–Lower Yangtze River valley metallogenic belt. The region is characterized by NW‐, NNW‐ and EW‐trending faults and the mineralization occurs at the contact of lower Triassic carbonate rocks and Jurassic granodiorite porphyry intrusions. The intrusives are characterized by SiO₂, K₂O, and Na₂O concentrations ranging from 61.66 to 67.8 wt.%, 3.29 to 5.65 wt.%, and 2.83 to 3.9 wt.%, respectively. Their A/CNK (A/CNK = n(Al₂O₃)/[n(CaO) + n(Na₂O) + n(K₂O)]) ratio, δEu, and δCe vary from 0.77 to 1.17, 0.86 to 1, and 0.88 to 0.96, respectively. The rocks show enrichment in light rare earth elements ((La/Yb)_N = 7.61–12.94) and large ion lithophile elements (LILE), and depletion in high field strength elements (HFSE), such as Zr, Ti. They also display a peraluminous, high‐K calc‐alkaline signature typical of intrusives associated with skarn and porphyry Cu–Au–Mo polymetallic deposits. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) zircon U–Pb age indicates that the granodiorite porphyry formed at 151.75 ± 0.70 Ma. A few inherited zircons with older ages (677 ± 10 Ma, 848 ± 11 Ma, 2645 ± 38 Ma, and 3411 ± 36 Ma) suggest the existence of an Archaean basement beneath the Middle–Lower Yangtze River region. The temperature of crystallization of the porphyry estimated from zircon thermometer ranges from 744.3 °C to 751.5 °C, and 634.04 °C to 823.8 °C. Molybdenite Re–Os dating shows that the Jilongshan deposit formed at 150.79 ± 0.82 Ma. The metallogeny and magmatism are correlated to mantle–crust interaction, associated with the subduction of the Pacific Plate from the east. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

中国地热研究的进展与展望(1995～2014)          下载免费PDF全文

庞忠和  黄少鹏  胡圣标  赵平  何丽娟 《地质科学》2014,(3):719-727

地热是主要地球物理场之一,地热能是地球的本土能源。李四光在20世纪60年代开创了我国地热科学。到90年代,学科体系基本建立。在过去20年里,我国地热研究得到了进一步深化和拓展。本文从大地热流、岩石圈热结构、地热系统、油气盆地地热、矿山地热、天然气水合物以及气候变化等方面回顾地热研究代表性的创新进展,并对深层地热、海洋地热、环境地热等研究方向作了展望。本文认为,过去20年我国地热研究成果丰硕,国际影响力得到提高,未来发展势头强劲。在经历了由浅入深,从今到古的成长之后,地热研究还将不断拓展领域,为我国地球科学,特别是能源与环境安全做出更大贡献。  相似文献   

轨道约束的资源三号标准景影像区域网平差     

张过  汪韬阳  李德仁  唐新明  蒋永华  潘红播  祝小勇 《测绘学报》2014,43(11):1158-1164

考虑到同轨道拍摄的长条带卫星影像具有相同的误差分布特性,针对资源三号的标准景影像产品,提出了基于轨道约束的卫星影像区域网平差方法。首先,根据同轨相邻影像的偏移量计算轨道影像坐标系下的像点坐标;其次,通过同轨每景影像的RFM重新生成轨道影像的RFM,同时生成补偿格网;然后,根据基于像方仿射变换的RFM对轨道影像进行区域网平差;最后,利用求得的轨道影像的仿射变换参数重新计算原始单景影像的仿射变换参数。利用不同地区资源三号测绘卫星影像数据的试验表明,基于轨道约束的卫星影像区域网平差（以下简称轨道平差）在稀疏控制条件下,其精度明显好于单景影像平差的精度。在6控情况下,太行山试验区达到平面2.504m高程3.117m,在渭南试验区达到了平面4.061m高程2.895m。试验结果证明了轨道平差的有效性和可行性。  相似文献   

稀少控制的多平台星载SAR联合几何定标方法   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

吕冠南  唐新明  艾波  李涛  陈乾福 《测绘学报》2018,47(7):986-995

几何定标采用地面控制点获取距离-多普勒模型中的精确几何参数,用于完成星载SAR影像高精度几何定位。但在广域范围内,特别是高山地区域,控制点极难获取。此外,传统定标方法仅面向单一平台SAR影像,尚不能实现多平台影像的联合几何定标。针对上述问题,本文提出一种基于稀少控制的多平台星载SAR联合几何定标方法。该方法从包含实测控制点的主影像出发,使用点位追踪算法获取主影像与从影像之间的连接点,并以连接点为桥梁逐级完成从影像的几何定标。本文采用京津冀地区南北向分布共计235 km的3景TerraSAR-X、3景TanDEM-X、5景高分三号影像进行联合几何定标试验,仅使用5个控制点即完成了所有影像的几何定标,并利用SF-3050星站差分GNSS接收机采集实测GPS点进行精度评价。结果表明使用稀少控制点定标后的TSX/TDX影像的几何定位精度优于3 m,GF-3影像的几何定位精度优于7.5 m,验证了该方法的有效性和正确性。  相似文献   

星载激光光斑影像质心自动提取方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

袁小棋  李国元  唐新明  高小明  黄庚华  李野 《测绘学报》2018,47(2):135-141

激光光斑影像的质心提取是卫星激光测高数据处理中的重要环节,对于获得精确的激光指向角有重要的意义。本文总结了灰度重心法、高斯拟合法以及椭圆拟合法3种常用的质心提取方法,在比较其优缺点之后结合高斯曲面拟合法和椭圆拟合法,提出了一种基于高斯阈值的椭圆拟合方法,针对仿真数据进行试验,有较好的精度结果。采用GLAS（geoscience laser altimeter system）的实际激光光斑影像LPA（laser profile array）数据进行试验,发现LPA光斑质心位置变化周期约为1.5 h,幅度最大可达2~3个像素,对应激光指向角变化约9",说明在轨监视激光质心位置变化对于提高激光指向角测量精度非常必要。相关结论可为后续国产卫星激光测高仪足印影像处理提供参考。  相似文献